后疫情时代海南旅游产业发展策略研究——以邮轮产业为例

新冠肺炎疫情对包括邮轮业在内的全球旅游业造成严重冲击,导致邮轮运营公司亏损严重和游客出行意愿下降等。为缓解经营压力,全球邮轮公司纷纷恢复航线运营,国际邮轮协会预计2023年全球邮轮将全面复苏。结果表明,疫情后海南邮轮发展面临行业发展计划执行受阻和试点创新举措尚未落地等困境。本文以探讨符合国情省情的海南邮轮产业发展路径为目的,从优化邮轮产业政策、加强邮轮码头设施建设、研究产业纾困扶持发展措施、丰富邮轮旅游产品供给、强化安全应急保障等方面提出后疫情时代海南邮轮产业发展策略建议。

上海国际轮渡与镇江中旅首次合作力拓赴日海上旅游市场

农历新年刚过，船东与旅行社牵手合作拉开了今年线团赴日，海上游的序幕，2月18日，上海国际轮渡有限公司与江苏镇江中旅在沪签订了新年第一个赴日海上游项目合作协议。强强合作，共同拓展赴日海上游市场。

Temporal and spatial variation of fish assemblages in Dianshan Lake, Shanghai, China

Using multi-mesh gillnets and trawls, the fish communities in Dianshan Lake at 6 stations from Oct. 2009 to Jul. 2010 were investigated seasonally to reveal the biodiversity and its spatial and temporal distribution patterns. The long-term changes in their structural characteristics were then analyzed to identify the main infl uencing factors and several measures for lake restoration were put forward. Thirty six species, belonging to 9 family and 30 genera, were collected, amongst which, the order Cypriniformes accounted for 61.1% of the total species number. In terms of importance value, Cypriniformes was the predominant group, Coilia nasus the dominant species, while Cyprinus carpio and Rhinogobius giurinus were the subdominant taxa. The community types did not differ among stations, but between seasons. There were no significant differences between seasons and among stations in species diversity, but richness differed both spatially and seasonally. Along with the process of eutrophication and the drastic reduction of the area colonized by macrophytes from 1959 to 2009–2010, the fish diversity declined markedly, and species numbers of herbivores and piscivores declined proportionately more than those of invertivores, omnivores, and planktivores. The decline of potamophilus and river-lake migratory fish was more marked than those of sedentary, river-sea migratory, and estuarine fishes. Eutrophication concomitant with sharp reduction of macrophyte area and overfishing may be the main reasons for the decline in fish diversity in Dianshan Lake.

Impact of Tourists'Perceived Value on Behavioral Intention for Mega Events:Analysis of Inbound and Domestic Tourists at Shanghai World Expo

Based on the survey data for 2120 inbound and domestic tourists at the Shanghai World Expo,a structural equation model was constructed for the relationship among tourists' perceived value dimensions,behavioral intention and revisit intention.Additionally,the influence of tourists' perceived value dimensions on the behavioral intention and revisit intention was explored.The results show that the utilitarian value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists' behavioral intention,while the convenience value and aesthetic value have no significant influence.The service value only significantly affects the domestic tourists' behavioral intention,and the aesthetic value only significantly affects the inbound tourists' behavioral intention.The utilitarian value,service value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists' revisit intention,while the convenience value only significantly affects the domestic tourists' revisit intention.The utilitarian value is the primary factor affecting the inbound tourists' behavioral intention and revisit intention,and the perceived price has no significant effect on either inbound or domestic tourists' behavioral intention or revisit intention.The study explores the relationships between tourists' perceived value,behavioral intention and revisit intention,analyzes the divergence and causation,theoretically enriches the research field of tourism geography and behavioral geography,and has great practical significance to the sustainable development of mega events in China,including the further development of the Shanghai World Expo.

Analysis On the Cruise-Traveling Industry in Shanghai Based On the Supply-Side Reform

From the five-force model application in enterprises, this paper analyzes the five-force model in the development of cruise industry in shanghai which is based on the background of supply-side structural reform. As a result, getting the answer of the cruise industry of corresponding relationship with the access capability of potential competitors, the bargaining capability of suppliers and buyers, the replacing capability of substitutes, industry competitors existing competition ability. From these relations, it summarizes the cruise industry core competitive advantages, such as high quality service, high differentiation of user experience and so on. At last, through the corresponding analyze of the strategy, providing useful advice for the sustainable development of cruise industry.

Monitoring Response of Diadromous Populations to Fish Passage Improvements on a Massachusetts Coastal Stream

One technical fishway and two innovative nature-like fishways were installed at three dams on the Acushnet River in Acushnet, Massachusetts to facilitate migration of river herring and juvenile American eels （elvers）. Pre-construction and post-construction monitoring of river herring and elver populations used census counting and abundance estimation, respectively. Numbers of adult river herring returning to the upstream spawning grounds during the pre-construction phase were very low; elver counts declined during the pre-construction period and served as baseline levels to determine the effectiveness of the new fishways. Post-construction monitoring of river herring and elvers indicated an increasing trend of spawning adult river herring returning to the spawning grounds, with the total count in the fourth year of post-construction representing an increase of 1,140% over baseline, pre-construction conditions. Results also show increased elver recruitment into the river as well as increased proportions of elvers accessing habitat in the upper watershed that was mostly inaccessible prior to fishway installation. The new fishways at the three dams on the river have improved diadromous fish passage, thereby increasing the probability of restoring healthy populations of river herring and American eels to the Acushnet River system.

Inundation Calculation of the Coastal Narrow Plain Strip Impacted by Upstream Reservoir Flood Discharge in Rainy and Extreme Flood Conditions

In the context of current climate change, an abnormality of flooding is a common form of disaster in Vietnam. Hanh Stream reservoir has occurred great flood in 1986, 2010. In the future, the risk of flooding is possible to happen again. In view of management of the risk of natural disasters： large flooding situation downstream is one of the most dangerous risks for the reservoir. Due to downstream of Hanh Stream reservoir is a narrow coastal plains, quick infrastructure development, especially interwoven road and railway systems, so that flood drainage ability will be affected greatly. The consciousness of risks that may be occurred in the future in order to propose preventive measures and proactive response to minimize damages always is the requirement for all projects. The hydrodynamic calculation, flooding maps, emergency plan to prevent flooding downstream of Hanh Stream reservoir is also needed. The article is raised the issue of requirements to calculate coastal narrow delta strip flooding in the Central of Vietnam when impacted by the upstream reservoir of flood discharge in terms of extreme heavy rain and flooding and presented computational methods of Mike software package for case flooded plain of Cam Ranh Bay in downstream reservoirs of Hanh Stream, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam.

Assessment of Salinity Intrusion in the Red River under the Effect of Climate Change

This paper focuses on analysis of salinity distribution along Red River and its main branches to determine and limit effects of salinity intrusion under variable scenarios for outlet discharge from upstream reservoirs and the tidal magnitude under global climate change effects. The effect of outlet discharge from upstream reservoirs, which generates flow in droughty months, is considered as upstream input condition for salinity intrusion. The sea level rising phenomenon is represented by scenarios according to prediction of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC）. The lateral flow and the rainfall in dry season are neglected in the process of simulation. MIKE 11, ID river model software by DHI （Danish Hydraulic Institute）, is used to simulate the processes of salt water intrusion from the river mouths to the upstream of the river in consideration the effect of the Sea Level Rise phenomenon and the operation of existing reservoirs and those under construction. The results indicate that salinity intrusion length from river mouth depends on the estuary characteristics, discharges from upper reservoirs and tidal phases （low and high tides）. With the safe salinity concentration for agriculture and livestock is 4 psu, the study shows that the length of intruded salt in Red River is about 40km from the river mouth, in otherwise, the effect of salinity intrusion in Thai Binh river is negligible. The Sea Level Rise phenomenon has inconsiderable affects on salinity intrusion processes in Red River System. The influence of outlet discharges from upstream reservoirs has also negligible affects on prevent salinity intrusion from the sea. According to the results of the study, reasonable water resources utilization and appropriate reservoir operation approaches in the drought will be studied to protect the crop and aquaculture from salinity intrusion.

Bloom Forming Species of Phytoplankton in Two Coastal Waters in the Southeast Coast of India

The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on bloom-forming phytoplankton species composition and abundance in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters （Southeast coast of India） are reported. Air and surface water temperatures （℃） varied from 25.1 to 30.1 and 24.5 to 28.5, respectively, in the former waters and from 25.5 to 31.2 and 25.0 to 29.3 in the latter waters. The respective salinities varied from 6.0 to 28.5 and 5.0 to 33.1 and the respective pH ranged between 7.0 and 8.3 and 7.2 and 8.3. Correspondingly, the dissolved oxygen content varied from 3.1 to 7.5 and 3.1 to 7.9 mgL1 while the light extinction coefficient （LEC） values ranged between 3.1 and 10.1 and 1.8 and 11.0. The content ranges of inorganic nutrients, i.e., nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate （μmolL^-1）, in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters were： 6.5- 27.0; 1.0- 8.9; 0.1-3.0 and 15.0 -140 and 10.1-23.4; 1.2-8.9; 0.2-3.1 and 55-125 respectively. The chlorophyll α contents in both waters ranged from 2.0-7.5 μgL^-1. Presently, 124 phytoplankton species representing different classes were recorded in the Coleroon coast, viz, Bacillariophyceae （77）; Dinophyceae （19）; Cyanophyceae （15）; Chlorophyceae （10） and Chrysophyceae （3）, whereas 117 phytoplankton species were recorded in the Parangipettai coast, viz, Bacillariophyceae （66）; Dinophyceae （22）; Cyanophyceae （19）; Chlorophyceae （7） and Chrysophyceae （3）. The phytoplankton cell abundance in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters varied from 290 to 111662 and 140 to 132 757 cells L^-1, respectively, with peak diversity （3.38 and 3.52 bits indl.） recorded in summer. The maximum abundance occurred in summer coinciding with the stable hydrographical conditions. The seasonal distribution and abundance of phytoplankton are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters. Totally 31 and 24 species of phytoplankton were found to be bloom-forming in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters, respectively. Presently Trichodesmium bloom was also observed, which appeared at the 10 fathom level of the coastal water and quickly spread to the marine zone of the Vellar estuary and near the mouth region of the mangrove waters. The Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters are subject to long term fluctuations in physico-chemical conditions depending upon the seasonal tidal range and freshwater influx, resulting in a continuous exchange of organic, inorganic, plant and animal matters.

Research on Developmental Strategy of Shanghai Cruise Industry on the Background of Structural Reform of the Supply Front

The central characteristic of cruise industry is providing modernized service, which has gradually become the high level with the fastest developing speed and enormous growing potentiality in the intemational traveling market in recent years. However, the development of cruise in China is in its starting stage, though it is already mature in foreign market, having some problems like immature development pattern and prominence of structural unbalance on supply and demand of cruise travelling. This paper studies the driving mechanism, developmental pattern and achievement path of developing Shanghai cruise traveling in order to attract cruise customers from home and abroad and build high-end, luxury, high-quality and able to provide better experience for customers cruise services based on cruise resource on in Shanghai.

Study on the Characteristics and Problems of Water Tourism Development in China

Water tourism is known as the ＂water mobile resort＂,＂an important economic growth pole of the waterfront city＂, which mainly includes boat cruises, yacht water sightseeing, leisure, hydrophilic service and derivative related industry services, etc. Because of the sightseeing way, it is increasingly subject to the attention of many domestic waterfront city. This paper mainly analyzes the characteristics of the development of water tourism in China and the problems in the development process.

Identifying the sensitive area in adaptive observation for predicting the upstream Kuroshio transport variation in a 3-D ocean model

Using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) approach, sensitive areas of adaptive observation for predicting the seasonal reduction of the upstream Kuroshio transport(UKT) were investigated in the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS). The vertically integrated energy scheme was utilized to identify sensitive areas based on two factors: the specific energy scheme and sensitive area size. Totally 27 sensitive areas, characterized by three energy schemes and nine sensitive area sizes, were evaluated. The results show that the total energy(TE) scheme was the most effective because it includes both the kinetic and potential components of CNOP. Generally, larger sensitive areas led to better predictions. The size of 0.5% of the model domain was chosen after balancing the effectiveness and efficiency of adaptive observation. The optimal sensitive area OSen was determined accordingly. Sensitivity experiments on OSen were then conducted, and the following results were obtained:(1) In OSen, initial errors with CNOP or CNOP-like patterns were more likely to yield worse predictions, and the CNOP pattern was the most unstable.(2) Initial errors in OSen rather than in other regions tended to cause larger prediction errors. Therefore, adaptive observation in OSen can be more beneficial for predicting the seasonal reduction of UKT.