Vessel-source marine oil pollution damage is governed by an international liability regime, including the CLC treaties, 2001 Bunker Convention and the 1977 Seabed Convention. Despite that ＂pollution damage＂ in these...Vessel-source marine oil pollution damage is governed by an international liability regime, including the CLC treaties, 2001 Bunker Convention and the 1977 Seabed Convention. Despite that ＂pollution damage＂ in these treaties does not exclude damage to marine biodiversity, the fact that damage to marine biodiversity is not mentioned in this regime arouses the question of compensability of damage to marine biodiversity under the regime. This article attempts to investigate this question from the perspectives of the relationship between marine environmental damage and damage to marine biodiversity and the possibility of compensation for damage to marine biodiversity under the regime. While the findings of this article reveal that the regime cannot provide sufficient compensation for such damage, this article in the conclusion offers some suggestions for the sake of remedying of damaged marine biodiversity under the regime.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to illustrate behavioural aspects and a collaborative Delphi-based planning approach in the maritime transport chain. Therefore, this paper analyses changes in behavioural routines and g...The objective of this paper is to illustrate behavioural aspects and a collaborative Delphi-based planning approach in the maritime transport chain. Therefore, this paper analyses changes in behavioural routines and governance structures in the maritime transport chain using a case study that depicts mutual projections of expected container transhipment moderated by a neutral third for reducing the uncertainty in planning within the whole maritime transport chain. The actors＇ different views on container transport are collected and directly confronted to an expert panel showing bounded rationality and thus asymmetric information can be circumvented The planning approach shows how actors＇ different internal planning can be improved and evident to the market. The whole maritime transport chain expects the future development in container transport which can be given by using collaborative Delphi-based planning. As a result, an overall picture for planning issues can be constituted, improving both individual planning of the actors and expected market growth.展开更多
In this paper a new methodological approach, life cycle cost assessment （LCCA）, is applied to evaluate the investment concerning a wind offshore plant location in Sicily East Coast. In particular, we analyze economi...In this paper a new methodological approach, life cycle cost assessment （LCCA）, is applied to evaluate the investment concerning a wind offshore plant location in Sicily East Coast. In particular, we analyze economic quantification of the damage deriving from the construction of the system, divided into environmental impacts deriving from the construction of a single turbine, and environmental impacts as a consequence of the construction of the foundations. The preliminary economic information for the LCCA analysis of the examined wind park offshore regards the management of the monetary capital initially invested, choice of the interest rate and of other necessary financial features, used to compute the net present value of the cash-flows accrued during the project lifetime. In this way, a more precise implementation of the LCCA in whatever type of structural investment is made possible, allowing the examination of all information useful for supporting the decision process.展开更多
As a developing country, but also the world＇s largest population, the largest population of the country, aging is an important problem for our country＇s attention and resolution. With the aging of our population inc...As a developing country, but also the world＇s largest population, the largest population of the country, aging is an important problem for our country＇s attention and resolution. With the aging of our population increasingly serious problem, as well as the old pension system has become increasingly prominent malpractice, the old has become a high degree of concern about the social problems. Based on the analysis of the weakening of traditional family pension function and the necessity of family pension, this paper concludes that the family pension model is still in line with China＇s national conditions and national strength. And put forward the importance of family support policy, Through the family to carry out active and effective policy support to promote the development of the family, help to better promote the family pension function play and improve.展开更多
文摘Vessel-source marine oil pollution damage is governed by an international liability regime, including the CLC treaties, 2001 Bunker Convention and the 1977 Seabed Convention. Despite that ＂pollution damage＂ in these treaties does not exclude damage to marine biodiversity, the fact that damage to marine biodiversity is not mentioned in this regime arouses the question of compensability of damage to marine biodiversity under the regime. This article attempts to investigate this question from the perspectives of the relationship between marine environmental damage and damage to marine biodiversity and the possibility of compensation for damage to marine biodiversity under the regime. While the findings of this article reveal that the regime cannot provide sufficient compensation for such damage, this article in the conclusion offers some suggestions for the sake of remedying of damaged marine biodiversity under the regime.
文摘The objective of this paper is to illustrate behavioural aspects and a collaborative Delphi-based planning approach in the maritime transport chain. Therefore, this paper analyses changes in behavioural routines and governance structures in the maritime transport chain using a case study that depicts mutual projections of expected container transhipment moderated by a neutral third for reducing the uncertainty in planning within the whole maritime transport chain. The actors＇ different views on container transport are collected and directly confronted to an expert panel showing bounded rationality and thus asymmetric information can be circumvented The planning approach shows how actors＇ different internal planning can be improved and evident to the market. The whole maritime transport chain expects the future development in container transport which can be given by using collaborative Delphi-based planning. As a result, an overall picture for planning issues can be constituted, improving both individual planning of the actors and expected market growth.
文摘In this paper a new methodological approach, life cycle cost assessment （LCCA）, is applied to evaluate the investment concerning a wind offshore plant location in Sicily East Coast. In particular, we analyze economic quantification of the damage deriving from the construction of the system, divided into environmental impacts deriving from the construction of a single turbine, and environmental impacts as a consequence of the construction of the foundations. The preliminary economic information for the LCCA analysis of the examined wind park offshore regards the management of the monetary capital initially invested, choice of the interest rate and of other necessary financial features, used to compute the net present value of the cash-flows accrued during the project lifetime. In this way, a more precise implementation of the LCCA in whatever type of structural investment is made possible, allowing the examination of all information useful for supporting the decision process.
文摘As a developing country, but also the world＇s largest population, the largest population of the country, aging is an important problem for our country＇s attention and resolution. With the aging of our population increasingly serious problem, as well as the old pension system has become increasingly prominent malpractice, the old has become a high degree of concern about the social problems. Based on the analysis of the weakening of traditional family pension function and the necessity of family pension, this paper concludes that the family pension model is still in line with China＇s national conditions and national strength. And put forward the importance of family support policy, Through the family to carry out active and effective policy support to promote the development of the family, help to better promote the family pension function play and improve.
