水利营建影响下海侵地区传统聚落的关联形态研究——以宁绍平原为例

【目的】探清传统聚落相互关联、邻近相似的形态特征与机制,是建立城乡历史文化遗产区域性保护框架的重要基础。【方法】在古地图、近代影像地图、地方志等历史资料基础上,与现场踏勘、访谈等田野调查互证对勘,按照“区域演进脉络—历史关联机制—聚落关联形态”思路对海侵地区传统聚落的关联形态特征进行解析。【结果】以宁绍平原为代表的海侵地区传统聚落的形成、发展与区域水利设施密切相关,它们在用水、防洪和水运通航影响下形成典型的关联特征,主要包括“山水—农田—聚落耦合的景观单元”和“运河海塘关联的城乡组群”类型模式。【结论】关联形态是传统聚落“关系属性”的空间表达,是对“实体属性”的重要补缺,是城乡历史文化空间整合的历史基础,对传统聚落价值认定、保护以及区域文化传承具有借鉴意义。

从水文到人文:海侵地区湖泊景观营建智慧研究——以杭州西湖与宁波月湖为例

杭州西湖与宁波月湖是2个典型的海侵地区历史湖泊,都经历了一个从水利湖泊到文化湖泊的发展建设历程。该文从水利工程、园林景观、人文教化3个方面着手,深入分析2个湖泊在景观营建过程中呈现的古典智慧:生态基础设施建设的整体思维、工程景观文化交融的系统思维。挖掘并传承这一古典智慧,对当代海绵城市水环境治理具有重要的指导意义。

海侵地区历史聚落演化的水利适应性关系研究——以宁波市为例

在以宁波为代表的海侵地区,咸淡交织的自然水文环境造成土地盐碱化、河水卤化。蓄淡阻咸的水利建设成为土地开垦、农业生产的先决条件,长期影响着历史聚落的发展。聚落空间变迁,无论是在区域整体层面还是在聚落个体层面,都表现出因应水利建设发展的适应性特征。这一水利适应性关系,今天依然规定着城乡聚落的分布结构和空间结构。挖掘并传承这一水利适应性关系,对于海侵地区多尺度水生态基础设施建设、历史聚落水利记忆文化特色保护,具有重要意义。

Intrusions of Kuroshio and Shelf Waters on Northern Slope of South China Sea in Summer 2015

The northern slope region of the South China Sea(SCS) is a biological hot spot characterized by high primary productivity and biomasses transported by cross-shelf currents, which support the spawning and growth of commercially and ecologically important fish species. To understand the physical and biogeochemical processes that promote the high primary production of this region, we conducted a cruise from June 10 and July 2, 2015. In this study, we used fuzzy cluster analysis and optimum multiparameter analysis methods to analyze the hydrographic data collected during the cruise to determine the compositions of the upper 55-m water masses on the SCS northern slope and thereby elucidate the cross-slope transport of shelf water(SHW) and the intrusions of Kuroshio water(KW). We also analyzed the geostrophic currents derived from acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements and satellite data. The results reveal the surface waters on the northern slope of the SCS to be primarily composed of waters originating from South China Sea water(SCSW), KW, and SHW. The SCSW dominated a majority of the study region at percentages ranging between 60% and 100%. We found a strong cross-slope current with speeds greater than 50 cms^(-1) to have carried SHW into and through the surveyed slope area, and KW to have intruded onto the slope via mesoscale eddies, thereby dominating the southwestern section of the study area.

Deposition of coal-bearing measures and coal accumulation under marine transgression 'events' in North China epicontinental sea basin

In recent years, studies show that coal formed during marine transigression process is also important in coal accumulation basin. Still, the characteristics of coal formation is more clearly demonstrated by the coal formation in TST in the sequence stratigraphic framework. Based on the study of the characteristics of coal formation in epicontinental coal accumulation basin, the viewpoint that coal was formed under marine transgression was put forward by the authors and the mechenism thereof was also analyized. Marine transgression resulted in the forming of swamp and then the peat swamp. And the transgression later on put the peat formed in advance in deep water environment to form coal in the end. The important stratigraphic horrizons, such as coal seams, marine facies layers, formed with marine transgression are of the property of isochronism.

Effective Seed Distribution Pattern of an Upward Shift Species in Alpine Tundra of Changbai Mountains

The vegetation of alpine tundra in the Changbai Mountains has experienced great changes in recent decades. Narrowleaf small reed(Deyeuxia angustifolia), a perennial herb from the birch forest zone had crossed the tree line and invaded into the alpine tundra zone. To reveal the driven mechanism of D. angustifolia invasion, there is an urgent need to figure out the effective seed distribution pattern, which could tell us where the potential risk regions are and help us to interpret the invasion process. In this study, we focus on the locations of the seeds in the soil layer and mean to characterize the effective seed distribution pattern of D. angustifolia. The relationship between the environmental variables and the effective seed distribution pattern was also assessed by redundancy analysis. Results showed that seeds of D. angustifolia spread in the alpine tundra with a considerable number(mean value of 322 per m2). They were mainly distributed in the low elevation areas with no significant differences in different slope positions. Effective seed number(ESN) occurrences of D. angustifolia were different in various plant communities. Plant communities with lower canopy cover tended to have more seeds of D. angustifolia. Our research indicated reliable quantitative information on the extent to which habitats are susceptible to invasion.

Characteristics of modern sedimentation in Qingdao bays

With available survey data and 237surface sediment samples,the modern sedimentation in Qingdao bays is studied.The research result shows that the east area is shallower(16.4 m) than that in the west(45.8 m).The geography was formed by a symmetric wave in a sequence of bank-offshore depression-platform-tidal channel-platform-offshore depression-foreshore from south to north.Flood sedimentary systems were formed from inlet of the Jiaozhou Bay in the west to the barrier bar in the east.Lateral sedimentation includes mainly tidal current ridges in two tidal channels.Gravel sandy sediments formed by wave lie in midland of from seashore to wave base.Dynamic functions are mainly tide and wave.Tidal current moves sediment in vertical and horizontal directions,sorting sediments and providing materials for coastwise beaches.The sources of sediment are mainly from eroded headland rocks.In general,grain sizes in this area from the inlet of the Jiaozhou Bay in the west(120°17') to the barrier bar outside in the east(120°35') are coarse-fine-coarse,forming gravel-gravelly sand(G-S),sand(S),gravel clay silt(G-YT),clay silt(YT),gravelly silty sand(G-TS),silty sand(TS),gravelly sandy silt(G-ST),and sandy silt(ST) in turn.

Chloride ion ingress distribution within an alternate wetting-drying marine environment area

Concrete structures in an alternate wetting-drying area often suffer from severe chloride ion ingress more than those in other areas. Field tests of marine structures were conducted, and chloride concentration is found to reach a maximum value at a certain elevation. The surface concentration and diffusion coefficient of chloride ions at different elevations exhibit Gaussian unimodal curve distributions. Using the chloride ion unsaturated permeability model, the distribution regularity mechanism is analyzed. Finally, an improved indoor accelerated simulation experiment is proposed to simulate the rules governing chloride ion ingress into concrete structures in an alternate wetting-drying area.