海南产温郁金离体繁殖体系的优化

目的:对海南地区引种的温郁金进行离体培养,建立离体快繁体系,为工厂化育苗奠定基础。方法:对海南地区温郁金根茎进行预处理,以萌芽为外植体,进行温郁金的初代培养、继代增殖、组培苗的生根和移栽,并对各培养阶段的培养基进行优化。结果:已贮藏半年的温郁金根茎以10 mg/L的GA_(3)浸泡30 min,芽萌发速度明显加快、萌芽率提高;根茎萌芽初代培养污染率低于5%,芽诱导率为100%;以MS+4 mg/L ZT+0.4 mg/L IAA配比的培养基进行继代增殖,增殖系数为2.4;组培生根苗以轻基质网袋容器育苗,移栽成活率为93%以上。结论:以海南引种温郁金根茎萌芽为外植体,建立离体快繁体系,可应用于温郁金组培苗工厂化繁育,保证优质种苗的供应,促进海南温郁金产业的可持续发展。

海南产芋螺的形态特征

从海南各个市县沿海采集到20多种芋螺(Conus),并制成标本,对这些芋螺标本进行了详细的外部形态特征测量与描述,包括芋螺壳形状、大小、体质量、壳顶特点、表面光滑度、螺纹、色彩及花纹等。鉴定出20种海南产的芋螺种类,为芋螺毒素基因的分离和芋螺毒素药物的开发提供基础。

海南产山柰挥发油化学成分分析

目的:分析海南产山柰挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取山柰挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)进行测定,并用色谱峰面积归一法确定各化学成分的相对含量。结果:从海南产山柰挥发油中分离出21个色谱峰,鉴定出19种化合物。挥发油主要成分和相对含量分别为:对-甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯(49.118%)、肉桂酸乙酯(19.323%)、十五烷(15.018%)、δ-蒈烯(5.270%)。结论:本方法为山柰挥发油生理活性和作用机制的进一步研究提供了资料,同时也为其产品的开发应用提供了科学依据。

特异阻断乙酰胆碱受体的海南产α*-芋螺毒素的研究

国际上被誉为"海洋药物宝库"的芋螺毒素(CTx),具有特异结合动物体内各种离子通道和受体的特殊功能。其中的α*-芋螺毒素(α*-CTxs)能特异性地作用于乙酰胆碱受体(n ACh Rs),对其亚型具有极高的选择性阻断活性。不同的亚基组合形成的各种乙酰胆碱受体亚型,在正常健康状态下和多种疾病状态下起着很重要的生理和病理学功能,这些功能至今尚不很清楚,因而发现和开发各种亚型的选择性分子探针,如α*-CTxs将有助于阐释各个亚型的精细结构和功能。深入研究特异阻断乙酰胆碱受体不同亚型的α*-CTxs的结构与功能,及其与受体相互作用的机理具有很重要的科学意义,将有助于研发出与n ACh Rs相关的多种疑难杂症的治疗药物,包括神经痛、癌症化疗、成瘾、痴呆、重症肌无力、精神分裂症、癫痫、乳腺癌、肺癌、脑脊髓炎,以及其他神经疾病等。近年来,我们实验室经过大量筛选研究,鉴定出5个海南产新颖α*-芋螺毒素,对它们的人工合成、三维结构、作用靶点、与受体相互作用机制、药理药效等进行了深入的研究。现对上述特异阻断乙酰胆碱受体不同亚型的5个海南产α*-芋螺毒素的研究进展和应用前景进行综述。

Rattan sector in Hainan Island,China:a case study

Hainan Island is the biggest supplier of domestic rattan canes in China and is considered the best area to develop rattan plantation in large-scale. This paper discusses the rattan production in Hainan Island on the basis of comprehensively collected information on rattan through interviewing with farmers, middle man, manufacture and official, on-site observation and literatures. The stock of available rattan is more than 25×106kg, but the real production annually is 4×105 kg. The area of rattan plantation established during 2000-2005 was about 10000 hm2, however, they don not produce yet. Four indigenous rattan species （C. Simplicifolius, C. Faberii, C. Tetradactylus, D. margaritae ） and three kinds of exotic canes are mainly utilized in Hainan island. Large quality of canes is treated as timber regulated by government, tax should be paid and a license should be applied from the government if canes are transport out of Hainan Island. The production-to-consumption flow of rattan in Hainan Island was drawn out based on the investigation. Constraints and advantages of the rattan sector in Hainan are identified and recommendations are proposed finally.

Economic Benefits of Rubber Plantations in Longjiang Farm in Hainan by the Application of Optimized Fertilization Formula

The influence of formula fertilization optimization on dry rubber yield and economic benefits of the rubber plantation in Hainan Longjiang Farm were studied by using ＂contrast＂ design method of fertilizer field experiments. The results showed that the actual production rate reached 4.61% and the net production rate of dry rubber reached 3.97% by application of optimized fertilization formula. Analysis of variance showed that the average dry rubber yield in optimization of formula fertil- ization area was significantly higher than that of conventional area. The results also indicated that the optimization of formula fertilization had obvious economic benefits, and each rubber tree reduced cost and increased 9.95 yuan on average after the test.

Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments of the South China Sea and its significance for in sediment sources and transport

Clay minerals of surface sediments in the South China Sea （SCS） are analyzed with X-ray diffraction, and their transport is explored with a grain size trend analysis （GSTA） model. Results show that clay mineral types in various sedimentary environments have different sediment sources and transport routes. Sediments in the northern SCS （north of 20°N） between the southwest of Taiwan Island and the outer mouth of the Pearl River have high contents of illite and chlorite, which are derived mainly from sediments on Taiwan Island and/or the Yangtze River. Sediments from the Pearl River are characterized by high kaolinite and low smectite content, and most are distributed in the area between the mouth of the Pearl River and northeast of Hainan Island and transported vertically from the continental shelf to the slope. Characterized by high illite content, sediments from Kalimantan Island are transported toward the Nansha Trough. Sediments from Luzon Island are related with volcanic materials, and are transported westwards according to smectite distribution. On the Sunda Shelf, sediments from the Mekong River are transported southeast in the north while sediments from the Indonesian islands are transported northward in the south. Ascertaining surface sediment sources and their transport routes will not only improve understanding of modem transportation and depositional processes, but also aid paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic analysis of the SCS.

Mineral distributions in surface sediments of the western South Yellow Sea:implications for sediment provenance and transportation

The South Yellow Sea(SYS) is strongly influenced by the substantial sediment loads of the Huanghe(Yellow)(including the modern Huanghe and abandoned old Huanghe subaqueous delta) and Changjiang(Yangtze) Rivers. However,the dispersal patterns of these sediments,especially in the western SYS,have not been clearly illustrated. In this study,we have analyzed clay minerals,detrital minerals,and grain sizes for 245 surface sediment samples(0–5 cm) collected from the western SYS. The clay minerals,on average,consist of 67% illite,14% smectite,11% chlorite,and 8% kaolinite. Clay minerals,detrital minerals,and grain size analyses of surface sediments,combined with water mass hydrology analysis,reveal that sediments in the western SYS are mainly derived from the modern Huanghe River,the abandoned subaqueous delta of the old Huanghe River,some material from the Changjiang,and coastal erosion. The clay minerals(especially illite and smectite) and quartz/feldspar ratio distribution patterns,reveal that the influence of modern Huanghe sediments can reach 35°N in the northwestern part of the study area,an influence that can be enhanced especially in winter owing to northerly winds. Conversely,sediments along the Jiangsu coast are mixed,in summer,with material from the Changjiang arriving via northward flow of Changjiang Diluted Water. The Subei Coastal Current carries the refreshed sediments northward into the western SYS. Sediment distribution and transport in the western SYS are mainly controlled by the oceanic circulation system that is primarily related to the monsoon.

Trophic interactions, ecosystem structure and function in the southern Yellow Sea

The southem Yellow Sea is an important fishing ground, providing abundant fishery resources. However, overfishing and climate change have caused a decline in the resource and damaged the ecosystem. We developed an ecosystem model to analyze the trophic interactions and ecosystem structure and function to guide sustainable development of the ecosystem. Atrophic mass-balance model of the southern Yellow Sea during 2000-2001 was constructed using Ecopath with Ecosim software. We defined 22 important functional groups and studied their diet composition. The trophic levels of fish, shrimp, crabs, and cephalopods were between 2.78 and 4.39, and the mean trophic level of the fisheries was 3.24. The trophic flows within the food web occurred primarily in the lower trophic levels. The mean trophic transfer efficiency was 8.1%, of which 7.1% was from primary producers and 9.3% was from detritus within the ecosystem. The transfer efficiency between trophic levels II to III to IV to V to 〉V was 5.0%, 5.7%, 18.5%, and 19.7%-20.4%, respectively. Of the total flow, phytoplankton contributed 61% and detritus contributed 39%. Fishing is defined as a top predator within the ecosystem, and has a negative impact on most commercial species. Moreover, the ecosystem had a high gross efficiency of the fishery and a high value of primary production required to sustain the fishery. Together, our data suggest there is high fishing pressure in the southern Yellow Sea. Based on analysis of Odum＇s ecological parameters, this ecosystem was at an immature stage. Our results provide some insights into the structure and development of this ecosystem.

Report of Pontoniinae Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) Collected by Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions to Hainan Island, South China Sea. Ⅲ. Periclimenes

The present paper reports 12 species of genus Periclimenes, subfamily Pontoniinae, collected from Hainan Island, South China Sea, by the Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions, in which, Periclimenes consobrinus and P. tenuipes are new records from Chinese waters, and Periclimenes amymone, P. holthuisi, P. soror, and P. toloensis are recorded for the first time from Hainan Island.

Screening of marine fungus from Nanji Island and activity of their metabolites against pathogenic Vibrio from Pseudosciaena crocea

Seventy-eight marine fungal strains were isolated from sediment samples collected off the coast of Nanji Island, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Antibacterial screening using the agar disc method showed that 19 of the isolated strains could inhibit at least one pathogenic Vibrio from Pseudosciaena crocea. Subsequent screening confirmed that nine strains produced antibacterial metabolites that had activity against one or several types of pathogenic Vibrio. Strain NJ0104 had the widest antimicrobial spectrum and strong activity, particularly against Fibrio parahaemolyticus-MM0810072. A preliminary study of N J0104 antibacterial metabolites demonstrated that they had thermal stability up to 80℃, ultraviolet stability up to 40 min and pH stability between 4.0-7.0. In addition, the antibacterial metabolites were readily soluble in butanol. To identify the specific strain, the ITS-5.8S rDNA regions of NJ0104 were PCR amplified and sequenced. Based on the combination of phenotypic and genotypic data, the strain was identified as Arthrinium sp.

Screening and optimization of EPA-producing antarctic psychrophilic bacterium Shewanella sp. NJ136

Two hundred strains of bacteria from Antarctic sea ice were collected and screened for their ability of producing eieosapentaenoic acid （EPA, 20： 5ω3） by means of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spetmmetry （GC/MS）. Eight strains of bacteria containing EPA were investigated, among which the outstanding one was recorded as NJ136. This bacterium was identified as Shewanella by the biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence. Response surface methodology （RSM） was applied to optimize the medium ingredients. A 24 full factorial central composite design （FFCCD） was employed to determine the naximum EPA production at optimum levels of pH, NaC1, glucose and yeast extract. The predicted optimal combination of media constituents for maximum 14.02 mg/g （ about 1.7-fold increase） EPA production were determined as 30.15%e （m/v） NaC1, 9.98 g/L glucose, 4.42 g/L yeast extract and pH 6.08. The actual experimental results were in agreement with the prediction.

Effect of thermal stimulation on gas production from hydrate deposits in Shenhu area of the South China Sea

The Shenhu area on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea （SCS） is one of the promising fields for gas hydrate exploitation. The hydrate-bearing layer at drilling site SH2 is overlain and underlain by permeable zones of mobile water. In this study a vertical well was configured with a perforated Interval I for producing gas and a coiled Interval II for heating sed- iment, The hydrate is dissociated by a small depressurization at Interval Ⅰ and a thermal stimulation at Interval Ⅱ. The numeri- cal simulations indicate that the thermal stimulation has a significant effect on gas release from the hydrates in the production duration and improves the gas production in the late period. The gas released by thermal stimulation cannot be produced as quickly as the production gets operated because of the hard pathway for fluids to flow in the sediments. The gas production is enhanced due to the heating for 7242 m3 in the whole production. Increasing heating temperature at Interval Ⅱcan improve gas production and restrain water output, and advance the arrival time of the gas flow from the zone at Interval Ⅱ. The absolute criterion and relative criterion suggest that the thermal stimulation in the production schemes is pronounced for releasing gas from the hydrate deposit, but the production efficiency of gas is limited by the sediment of low permeability. The study pro- vides an insight into the production potential of the hydrate accumulations by thermal stimulation with depressurization in two wells, and a basis for analyzing economic feasibility of gas production from the area.

Biomass and Energy of Casuarina equisetiofolia Plantations in Southeast Coast of China

The biomass and energy production of Casuarina equisetifolia plantations aged 14 were studied in Huian County, Fujian Province, Southeast of China. The standing crop biomass was 152.60 t/ha, in which the biomass of bole was 67.02 t/ha, accounting for 43.94 % of the total, while that of root was 36.83 t/ha and 24.14 %, respectively. Net primary productivity was 10.17t/(ha.a).The range of gross caloric of components was 19.29～20.23 kJ/g, with the average 19.70 kJ/g. The standing crop energy was 2 987×10^6 kJ/ha. Net energy production was 196.8×10^6 kJ/ha, while solar energy conversion efficiency was 0.90%.