基于生态足迹的生态盈亏平衡分析——以辽宁省长海县为例

生态足迹方法是一种度量可持续发展程度的指标,通过估算维持人类的自然资源消费和同化人类产生的废弃物所需要的生物生产性面积即生态足迹的大小,并与给定区域的生态承载力进行生态盈亏平衡分析,来衡量研究区域的可持续发展状况。生态足迹方法从人类需求占用角度为评估区域可持续发展状态提供了较好的测量方法。当一个地区的生态承载力小于生态足迹时,出现生态赤字,生态赤字表明该地区生态安全受到胁迫;当生态承载力大于生态足迹时,则产生生态盈余,此时认为该地区生态系统是安全的,人类的发展处于可持续状态。可见生态盈亏平衡分析可以为地区可持续发展提供生态预警作用。

Study on the Landscaping Technologies for Coastal Saline-Alkali Land in Tanghai County of Tangshan City

Tanghai County is one of the counties in Tangshan City with the highest saline-alkali degree, with 80% of its land being covered by saline-alkali soils. Through studying landscaping technologies for coastal saline-alkali land in Tanghai County, 3 dominant modes for landscaping engineering in such land were summarized as shallow underground pipe desalination technology, banding soil replacement technology and hole membrane soil replacement technology, which are different in application scope and also in cost (respectively 260, 210 and 170 yuan). 3 landscaping measures were also proposed, including promotion of suitable plant cultivation technologies, application of saline-alkali tolerant plants and biological improvement of soils. To explore economic and practical planting patterns for saline-alkali land, low-cost landscaping tests were conducted from the perspectives of improving landscaping engineering mode and optimizing landscaping measures, and the results showed that it was practical to apply low-cost landscaping patterns, and comprehensive ecological measures should be adopted to realize the sustained utilization of soil.

Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Five Subtropical Forests in Lingao of Hainan

With 5 types of typical forests as research object, the physical and chemical properties of different types of forests were analyzed by sample plot investigation method. The results showed that： the soil total porosity was the highest in the Casuarina equisetifolia forest （46.168%）, but the lowest in the Encalyptus robusta forest （39.46%）. The soil capillary porosity was the highest in the Acacia mangium forest （22.57%）, but the lowest in the secondary forest （18.95%）. The soil water content was the highest in the C. equisetifolia forest, with a mean value of 27.85%, but the lowest in the secondary forest, with a mean value of 4.34%. The soil pH values were in the range of 4.81-6.59, the soils in the A. mangium forest, C. equisetifolia forest and E. robusta forest were strongly acidic （pH 4.5-5.5）, and the soils in the secondary forest and C. nucifera forest were weakly acidic. The soils had organic matter contents in the range of 0.34-28.68 g/kg, and showed an order of A. mangium forest〉C. equisetifolia forest〉E. robusta forest〉secondary forest〉C. nucifera forest, with a decreasing trend with the soil depth increasing. The soil total N contents were in the range of 0.10-1.63 g/kg, the A. mangium forest showed the highest soil total N contents, while the C. nucifera forest exhibited the lowest soil total N contents; the soil total P contents were in the range of 0.21-1.74 g/kg, and the E. robusta forest had the highest soil total P contents; and the soil total K contents were in the range of 0.16-2.15 g/kg, and the A. mangium forest exhibited the highest soil total K contents. The soil available P contents were in the range of 0.98-132.46 mg/kg; and the secondary forests had the highest soil available P contents; and the soil rapidly available K contents were in the range of 3.03-27.35 mg/kg, and the C. nucifera forest exhibited the highest soil rapidly available K contents. The soil ammonium N contents were in the range of 1.38-5.15 mg/kg, and the nitrate N contents were in the range were in the range of 0.56 -3.51 mg/kg. The A. mangium forest showed the highest soil nitrate N contents （with a mean value of 2.29 mg/kg） and ammonium N contents （with a mean value of 3.93 mg/kg）. For the same forest type, with the increase of soil depth, the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content also showed a decreasing trend.

渔乡建起安全教育室

为了保证渔民生命财产安全，加强劳动保护教育，辽宁省长海县獐子岛乡渔业公司在去年投资4，000多元，由安全科自己动手，建起一个面积为70多平方米的安全教育展览室。

Topographic Influence on Wetland Distribution and Change in Maduo County, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Accurate information on the spatial distribution and temporal change of wetlands is vital to devise effective measures for their protection. This study uses satellite images in 1994 and 2001 to assess the effects of topography and proximity to channels on wetland change in Maduo County on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, western China. In 1994 wetlands in the study area extended over 6,780.0 km2. They were distributed widely throughout the county, with a higher concentration in the south, and were especially prominent close to streams. The pattern of wetlands demonstrated a bell-shaped distribution curve with elevation, ranging over hill slopes with gradients from 0-19°, the commonest gradient being around 3°. Although the aspects of these hill slopes range over all directions, there is a lower concentration of wetlands facing east and southeast. The extent of wetlands in 2001 decreased to 6,181.1 km2. Marked spatial differentiation in the pattern of wetlands is evident, as their area increased by 1,193.3 km2 at lower elevations but decreased by 1,792.2 km2 at higher ground, resulting in a net decrease of 598.8 km2. In areas with a gradient <2° or >9° the area of wetlands remained approximately consistent from 1994-2001. Newly retained wetlands are situated in relatively flat lowland areas, with no evident preference in terms of aspect. Wetlands on north-, east- and northeast-facing hillslopes with a bearing of 1-86° were more prone to loss of area than other orientations. The altered pattern of wetland distribution from higher to lower elevation on north-facing slopes coincided with the doubling of annual temperature during the same period, suggesting that climate warming could be an important cause.

Analysis of cancer incidence and mortality in 2010 to the residents of Hai’an county, Jiangsu Province, China

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence, mortality and their impact factors and changing trends of malignant tumors in 2010 in the residents of Hai’an county, Jiangsu Province, China. Methods: Using the information of incidence, death registration information database and population data of malignant tumors in 2010 in the residents of Hai’an county, the incidence, mortality, accumulation incidence rates, and truncated incidence rate of malignant tumors were statistically analyzed. Results: The crude incidence, China standardized and world standardized incidence rates of malignant tumors in 2010 in Hai’an county were 281.53 per 100000 persons, 174.96 per 100 000 persons, and 175.14 per 100000 persons, respectively. The cumulative incidence rate from aged 0 to 64 years, the cumulative incidence rate from aged 0 to 74 years and the truncated incidence rate from aged 35 to 64 years were 6.85%, 15.39%, and 193.26 per 100000 persons, respectively. The rough mortality rate, China standardized and world standardized incidence rates were 234.11 per 100000 persons, 145.30 per 100000 persons, and 144.77 per 100000 persons, respectively. The top five cancers in the spectrum of cancer incidence were respectively esophageal cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, and colorectal cancer. The top four cancers in the spectrum of cancer death were consistent with the spectrum of cancer incidence. The 5th cancer in the spectrum of cancer death was pancreatic cancer. The incidence and mortality of various age groups were at a low level before 35-year-old age group. The incidence of female was slightly higher than that of male. But the incidence and mortality from the age group of 50 showed "suddenly" upward trend with age. The incidence and mortality of male were significantly higher than those of female. The ratios of male to female of incidence and mortality were 1.52:1 and 1.67:1, respectively. Conclusion: Residents over the age of 50, especially males, are high-risk groups who are exposed to certain risk factors. They should be the key objects of prevention and treatment of malignant tumors.

Evolution of Industrial Structure and Evaluation of the Economic Competitiveness of Island Counties in China

Islands are special regional units with unique development models and pathways and because of their locations, resources and environmental advantages, play an important role in the process of national modernization. Here, industrial coefifcient variation and shift-share methods were used to explain the evolution of island county economies and the competitiveness of their industrial structures. We found that industrial structures in island counties have undergone a complex evolution, have not followed a pure levo-rotation mode or dextro-rotation mode, and have experienced mixed evolutionary modes. The industrial structures in island counties are relatively simple, and the evolution of industrial structures in island counties has an apparent leaping feature. Last, the economic development of 12 focal island counties were divided into ifve categories in accordance with analysis of their economic development：Competitiveness Strengthened and Structure Optimized;Competitiveness Strengthened but Structure Declined; Competitiveness Weakened but Structure Optimized; Competitiveness Weakened and Structure Declined;and Structure Relatively Stabilized.

2005全国海钓锦标赛10月相约大连

由大连市人民政府、国家体育总局社会体育指导中心主办的第八届大连长海国际钓鱼节暨2005全国海钓锦标赛将于10月15日至16日在大连长海县小长山乌蟒岛海域举行。