Drug withdrawal with acupuncture appeared in 1970 s, which is one of the major achievements in modern medicine. The paper reviews the formation and development of acupuncture in drug withdrawal, analyzes its advantage...Drug withdrawal with acupuncture appeared in 1970 s, which is one of the major achievements in modern medicine. The paper reviews the formation and development of acupuncture in drug withdrawal, analyzes its advantages and mechanisms as well as the questions encountered in drug withdrawal. Additionally, some feasible suggestions are provided for the further development of acupuncture in drug withdrawal.展开更多
The 454 sequencing method was used to detect bacterial diversity and community structure in the East China Sea. Overall, 149 067 optimized reads with an average length of 454 nucleotides were obtained from 17 seawater...The 454 sequencing method was used to detect bacterial diversity and community structure in the East China Sea. Overall, 149 067 optimized reads with an average length of 454 nucleotides were obtained from 17 seawater samples and fi ve sediment samples sourced in May 2011. A total of 22 phyla, 34 classes, 74 orders, 146 families, and 333 genera were identifi ed in this study. Some of them were detected for the fi rst time from the East China Sea. The estimated richness and diversity indices were both higher in the sediment samples compared with in the seawater samples. All the samples were divided by their diversity indices into four regions. Similarity analysis showed that the seawater samples could be classifi ed into six groups. The groups differed from each other and had unique community structure characteristics. It was found that different water masses in the sampling areas may have had some infl uence on the bacterial community structure. A canonical correspondence analysis revealed that seawater samples in different areas and at different depths were affected by different environmental parameters. This study will lay the foundation for future research on microbiology in the East China Sea.展开更多
With correlation analysis and factor analysis methods, the effects of preceding Pacific SSTs on subtropical high indexes of main raining seasons are discussed. The results of correlation analysis show that the effects...With correlation analysis and factor analysis methods, the effects of preceding Pacific SSTs on subtropical high indexes of main raining seasons are discussed. The results of correlation analysis show that the effects of SSTs on five subtropical high indexes differ in seasons and regions. The variation of SSTs mostly affects the area and intensity indexes of the subtropical high, followed by the western ridge index, and the effect on the ridge line index is more remarkable than on the north boundary index. The results of factor analysis reveals that the first common factor of SST of each season reflected mainly the inverse relation of SSTs variation between the central and eastern part of equatorial Pacific and the western Pacific, which correlates better with the subtropical high indexes in the main raining seasons than other common factors of SST. The analysis of interdecadal variation indicated that the variation of SSTs was conducive to the emergence of the La Ni?a event before the end of 1970s, such that in the summer the subtropical high is likely to be weaker and smaller and located eastward and northward. After the 1980s, the opposite characteristics prevailed.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of procaine and lidocaine on intracellular Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) stores. METHODS: The experiment was performed on hippocampal slices fr...OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of procaine and lidocaine on intracellular Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) stores. METHODS: The experiment was performed on hippocampal slices from 60-80 g male Mongolian gerbils. Levels of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in the slices were measured by microfluorometry. The slices were perfused with 50 mmol/L KCl containing medium for 30 seconds. Then, the medium was switched to physiological medium. After 5 min of incubation, the slice was perfused with 20 mmol/L caffeine containing physiology medium for 2 min. Following incubation, the slice was superfused with physiological medium until the end of the experiment. The effects of procaine and lidocanin (100 micro mol/L) on caffeine-evoked Ca(2+) release were evaluated by adding them to the medium after high K(+) medium perfusion. RESULTS: Caffeine induced a marked increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration which was then decreased 12% upon the addition of procaine (P展开更多
Objective： To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on withdrawal anxiety in heroin-dependent patients. Methods： Sixty heroin-withdrawal subjects with negative urine morphine were digitally randomized into two g...Objective： To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on withdrawal anxiety in heroin-dependent patients. Methods： Sixty heroin-withdrawal subjects with negative urine morphine were digitally randomized into two groups： acupuncture group in which 30 cases were treated by electroacupuncture and control group in which 30 cases were given no treatment. The patients were assessed by Hamilton anxiety scale before treatment and one week, two weeks and three weeks after treatment. Results： After treatment, the anxiety symptoms of heroin-dependent patients were improved more significantly in the acupuncture group than in the control group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Electroacupuncture has good effects on anxiety symptoms and emotions of heroin-dependent patients.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the intervention effect of electroacupuncture on postwithdrawal anxiety and depression of those with heroin dependence. Method： One hundred and twenty heroin dependence cases were randomly ...Objective： To investigate the intervention effect of electroacupuncture on postwithdrawal anxiety and depression of those with heroin dependence. Method： One hundred and twenty heroin dependence cases were randomly allocated into 4 groups, including acupuncture group 1 using Jiaji （Ex-B 2） points and Shenshu （BL 23）, acupuncture group 2 using points in the four limbs, simulation and control groups. Then the SAS and SDS changes were observed before the treatment and 4th, 8th and 10th week after. Result： At the 4th, 8th and 10th week, the SAS and SDS scores in acupuncture group 1 and 2 showed significant differences with the control group （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. There were significant differences between SAS changes in acupuncture group 1 and 2 but there was no significant difference in SDS changes. Conclusion： Electroacupuncture can improve the post-withdrawal anxiety and depression in heroin addicts. Jiaji （Ex-B 2） points showed significantly better effects in improving anxiety than points in four limbs but no significant difference in improving depression.展开更多
Objective： To observe the influence of acupuncture on sleep disorders and anxiety in patients with heroin dependence. Methods： Sixty-two male patients with heroin dependence were divided into two groups by random nu...Objective： To observe the influence of acupuncture on sleep disorders and anxiety in patients with heroin dependence. Methods： Sixty-two male patients with heroin dependence were divided into two groups by random number table. Thirty-five cases in the acupuncture group were treated by puncturing Baihui （GV 20）, Neiguan （PC 6）, and Shenmen （HT 7） and moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36）. Twenty-seven cases in the control group did not receive any therapeutic measures. The therapeutic effects were summarized after observation of 8 weeks. Results： After treatment, the global scores and standard scores of anxiety declined in comparison with those before the treatment in both two groups, but there was statistical difference only in the acupuncture group （P〈0.05）. There were no statistical differences in the global score and the standard score of anxiety between the two groups, but the standard scores in the acupuncture group reached the normal level. After treatment, only the sleep latency was obviously improved in the control group （P〈0.05）. The syndromes of sleep disorder were improved noticeable in the acupuncture group （P〈0.05）, and the actual sleep time was improved better than those in the control group （P〈0.05）, and PSQI global scores decreased below the normal level. Conclusion： Acupuncture has the effects to improve sleep disorders and anxious emotion in the patients with heroin dependence.展开更多
This paper considers global asymptotic properties for an age-structured model of heroin use based on the principles of mathematical epidemiology where the incidence rate depends on the age of susceptible individuals. ...This paper considers global asymptotic properties for an age-structured model of heroin use based on the principles of mathematical epidemiology where the incidence rate depends on the age of susceptible individuals. The basic reproduction number of the heroin spread is obtained. It completely determines the stability of equilibria. By using the direct Lyapunov method with Volterra type Lyapunov function, the authors show that the drug-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is less than one, and the unique drug spread equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is greater than one.展开更多
Objective： To observe the effect of electro-acupuncture on the relapse to heroin-seeking induced by heroin-related cues after withdrawal from heroin self-administration in rats. Methods： Sixty male Wistar rats were ...Objective： To observe the effect of electro-acupuncture on the relapse to heroin-seeking induced by heroin-related cues after withdrawal from heroin self-administration in rats. Methods： Sixty male Wistar rats were randomized into physiological saline group, withdrawal group A, withdrawal group B, electro-acupuncture （EA） treatment group A and EA treatment group B, with 12 rats in each group. The rats were trained by nose-poke response to self administer heroin （50μg/kg/per infusion） or saline with one daily 4-h session for 14 consecutive days, the session ended after 25 infusions were earned or 4 hours had passed, the reinforcement schedule was a progressive ratio. Then rats in withdrawal group A and withdrawal group B were withdrawn from heroin for 1 week and 2 weeks respectively, and then they were reintroduced to their training chambers for 4-h relapse testing which was induced by heroin-related environmental cues; And rats in EA treatment group A and EA treatment group B were also withdrawn from heroin for 1 week and 2 weeks respectively, during which they were given EA treatment for 20 min daily, then they received relapse testing; In the meantime, rats in saline group were trained with saline instead of heroin for 14 days as control, after 7 days of withdrawal from saline, they received relapse testing. Results： Following 7-8 days of drug training, the rats began to establish the stable intravenous heroin self-administration behavior; For the stable heroin self-administrating rats that received EA treatment, when they were reintroduced to their training chambers, their heroin-seeking behaviors were obviously inhibited, and this inhibitory effect related to the cumulativeness of EA stimulation. Conclusion： The results suggested that EA could prevent relapse to heroin-seeking to a certain extent.展开更多
文摘Drug withdrawal with acupuncture appeared in 1970 s, which is one of the major achievements in modern medicine. The paper reviews the formation and development of acupuncture in drug withdrawal, analyzes its advantages and mechanisms as well as the questions encountered in drug withdrawal. Additionally, some feasible suggestions are provided for the further development of acupuncture in drug withdrawal.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2011CB409804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41121064)
文摘The 454 sequencing method was used to detect bacterial diversity and community structure in the East China Sea. Overall, 149 067 optimized reads with an average length of 454 nucleotides were obtained from 17 seawater samples and fi ve sediment samples sourced in May 2011. A total of 22 phyla, 34 classes, 74 orders, 146 families, and 333 genera were identifi ed in this study. Some of them were detected for the fi rst time from the East China Sea. The estimated richness and diversity indices were both higher in the sediment samples compared with in the seawater samples. All the samples were divided by their diversity indices into four regions. Similarity analysis showed that the seawater samples could be classifi ed into six groups. The groups differed from each other and had unique community structure characteristics. It was found that different water masses in the sampling areas may have had some infl uence on the bacterial community structure. A canonical correspondence analysis revealed that seawater samples in different areas and at different depths were affected by different environmental parameters. This study will lay the foundation for future research on microbiology in the East China Sea.
文摘With correlation analysis and factor analysis methods, the effects of preceding Pacific SSTs on subtropical high indexes of main raining seasons are discussed. The results of correlation analysis show that the effects of SSTs on five subtropical high indexes differ in seasons and regions. The variation of SSTs mostly affects the area and intensity indexes of the subtropical high, followed by the western ridge index, and the effect on the ridge line index is more remarkable than on the north boundary index. The results of factor analysis reveals that the first common factor of SST of each season reflected mainly the inverse relation of SSTs variation between the central and eastern part of equatorial Pacific and the western Pacific, which correlates better with the subtropical high indexes in the main raining seasons than other common factors of SST. The analysis of interdecadal variation indicated that the variation of SSTs was conducive to the emergence of the La Ni?a event before the end of 1970s, such that in the summer the subtropical high is likely to be weaker and smaller and located eastward and northward. After the 1980s, the opposite characteristics prevailed.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of procaine and lidocaine on intracellular Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) stores. METHODS: The experiment was performed on hippocampal slices from 60-80 g male Mongolian gerbils. Levels of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in the slices were measured by microfluorometry. The slices were perfused with 50 mmol/L KCl containing medium for 30 seconds. Then, the medium was switched to physiological medium. After 5 min of incubation, the slice was perfused with 20 mmol/L caffeine containing physiology medium for 2 min. Following incubation, the slice was superfused with physiological medium until the end of the experiment. The effects of procaine and lidocanin (100 micro mol/L) on caffeine-evoked Ca(2+) release were evaluated by adding them to the medium after high K(+) medium perfusion. RESULTS: Caffeine induced a marked increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration which was then decreased 12% upon the addition of procaine (P
基金Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(CZ0523)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(T0302)
文摘Objective： To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on withdrawal anxiety in heroin-dependent patients. Methods： Sixty heroin-withdrawal subjects with negative urine morphine were digitally randomized into two groups： acupuncture group in which 30 cases were treated by electroacupuncture and control group in which 30 cases were given no treatment. The patients were assessed by Hamilton anxiety scale before treatment and one week, two weeks and three weeks after treatment. Results： After treatment, the anxiety symptoms of heroin-dependent patients were improved more significantly in the acupuncture group than in the control group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Electroacupuncture has good effects on anxiety symptoms and emotions of heroin-dependent patients.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(30271637)
文摘Objective： To investigate the intervention effect of electroacupuncture on postwithdrawal anxiety and depression of those with heroin dependence. Method： One hundred and twenty heroin dependence cases were randomly allocated into 4 groups, including acupuncture group 1 using Jiaji （Ex-B 2） points and Shenshu （BL 23）, acupuncture group 2 using points in the four limbs, simulation and control groups. Then the SAS and SDS changes were observed before the treatment and 4th, 8th and 10th week after. Result： At the 4th, 8th and 10th week, the SAS and SDS scores in acupuncture group 1 and 2 showed significant differences with the control group （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. There were significant differences between SAS changes in acupuncture group 1 and 2 but there was no significant difference in SDS changes. Conclusion： Electroacupuncture can improve the post-withdrawal anxiety and depression in heroin addicts. Jiaji （Ex-B 2） points showed significantly better effects in improving anxiety than points in four limbs but no significant difference in improving depression.
基金supported by Anhui Provincial Programs for Science and Technology Development(07010302205) and Provincial Key Lab of Acupuncture Basis and Technology
文摘Objective： To observe the influence of acupuncture on sleep disorders and anxiety in patients with heroin dependence. Methods： Sixty-two male patients with heroin dependence were divided into two groups by random number table. Thirty-five cases in the acupuncture group were treated by puncturing Baihui （GV 20）, Neiguan （PC 6）, and Shenmen （HT 7） and moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36）. Twenty-seven cases in the control group did not receive any therapeutic measures. The therapeutic effects were summarized after observation of 8 weeks. Results： After treatment, the global scores and standard scores of anxiety declined in comparison with those before the treatment in both two groups, but there was statistical difference only in the acupuncture group （P〈0.05）. There were no statistical differences in the global score and the standard score of anxiety between the two groups, but the standard scores in the acupuncture group reached the normal level. After treatment, only the sleep latency was obviously improved in the control group （P〈0.05）. The syndromes of sleep disorder were improved noticeable in the acupuncture group （P〈0.05）, and the actual sleep time was improved better than those in the control group （P〈0.05）, and PSQI global scores decreased below the normal level. Conclusion： Acupuncture has the effects to improve sleep disorders and anxious emotion in the patients with heroin dependence.
基金supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.1127131411371305
文摘This paper considers global asymptotic properties for an age-structured model of heroin use based on the principles of mathematical epidemiology where the incidence rate depends on the age of susceptible individuals. The basic reproduction number of the heroin spread is obtained. It completely determines the stability of equilibria. By using the direct Lyapunov method with Volterra type Lyapunov function, the authors show that the drug-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is less than one, and the unique drug spread equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is greater than one.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation （30271637） and the State Administration of TCM （02-03LQ05）
文摘Objective： To observe the effect of electro-acupuncture on the relapse to heroin-seeking induced by heroin-related cues after withdrawal from heroin self-administration in rats. Methods： Sixty male Wistar rats were randomized into physiological saline group, withdrawal group A, withdrawal group B, electro-acupuncture （EA） treatment group A and EA treatment group B, with 12 rats in each group. The rats were trained by nose-poke response to self administer heroin （50μg/kg/per infusion） or saline with one daily 4-h session for 14 consecutive days, the session ended after 25 infusions were earned or 4 hours had passed, the reinforcement schedule was a progressive ratio. Then rats in withdrawal group A and withdrawal group B were withdrawn from heroin for 1 week and 2 weeks respectively, and then they were reintroduced to their training chambers for 4-h relapse testing which was induced by heroin-related environmental cues; And rats in EA treatment group A and EA treatment group B were also withdrawn from heroin for 1 week and 2 weeks respectively, during which they were given EA treatment for 20 min daily, then they received relapse testing; In the meantime, rats in saline group were trained with saline instead of heroin for 14 days as control, after 7 days of withdrawal from saline, they received relapse testing. Results： Following 7-8 days of drug training, the rats began to establish the stable intravenous heroin self-administration behavior; For the stable heroin self-administrating rats that received EA treatment, when they were reintroduced to their training chambers, their heroin-seeking behaviors were obviously inhibited, and this inhibitory effect related to the cumulativeness of EA stimulation. Conclusion： The results suggested that EA could prevent relapse to heroin-seeking to a certain extent.
