The t-SNARE protein SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) plays an essential role in regulating fusion between the vesicle and plasma membranes during exocytosis. To clone and characterize SNAP-25 gene, t...The t-SNARE protein SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) plays an essential role in regulating fusion between the vesicle and plasma membranes during exocytosis. To clone and characterize SNAP-25 gene, the first step in the functional study of SNARE proteins in marine teleostean, was to obtain the cDNA of sea perch SNAP-25 (SPsn25) by RT-PCR and RACE-PCR amplification of a Japanese sea perch. The full-length cDNA of 831bp contains a CDS of 615 bp, coding 204 amino acid residues, and a 5′UTR of 219bp. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that SPsn25 corresponds with SNAP-25a isoform and shares 91.1% identity with SNAP-25a of a goldfish and a zebrafish. The SPsn25 expression in both mRNA and protein levels in the Japanese sea perch had been identified through semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot assay. Together, these data again confirmed the nerve tissue specificity of the fish SNAP-25 gene expression.展开更多
The present paper deals with the taxonomic reexamination and description of two species of Chirolophis collected in Chinese waters from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. C. japonicus Herzenstein, 1890 was previously r...The present paper deals with the taxonomic reexamination and description of two species of Chirolophis collected in Chinese waters from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. C. japonicus Herzenstein, 1890 was previously reported and known by its synonym Azuma emmnion Jordan and Snyder, 1902; C. saitone (Jordan et Snyder, 1902) represents the first record of this species in China from Bohai Sea. A key for their identification and a discussion on all the nominal species and their geographic distribution are provided.展开更多
In this study,we integrated a DNA barcoding project with an ecological survey on intertidal polychaete communities and investigated the utility of CO1 gene sequence as a DNA barcode for the classification of the inter...In this study,we integrated a DNA barcoding project with an ecological survey on intertidal polychaete communities and investigated the utility of CO1 gene sequence as a DNA barcode for the classification of the intertidal polychaetes.Using 16S rDNA as a complementary marker and combining morphological and ecological characterization,some of dominant and common polychaete species from Chinese coasts were assessed for their taxonomic status.We obtained 22 haplotype gene sequences of 13 taxa,including 10 CO1 sequences and 12 16S rDNA sequences.Based on intra-and inter-specific distances,we built phylogenetic trees using the neighbor-joining method.Our study suggested that the mitochondrial CO1 gene was a valid DNA barcoding marker for species identification in polychaetes,but other genes,such as 16S rDNA,could be used as a complementary genetic marker.For more accurate species identification and effective testing of species hypothesis,DNA barcoding should be incorporated with morphological,ecological,biogeographical,and phylogenetic information.The application of DNA barcoding and molecular identification in the ecological survey on the intertidal polychaete communities demonstrated the feasibility of integrating DNA taxonomy and ecology.展开更多
The framework of fatigue factors is constructed to reduce the number of maritime accidents caused by human fatigue.Based on the study of maritime human fatigue,by screening and classifying it,there are 15 fatigue fact...The framework of fatigue factors is constructed to reduce the number of maritime accidents caused by human fatigue.Based on the study of maritime human fatigue,by screening and classifying it,there are 15 fatigue factors,which can be classified into 4 types:sleep,rest and rhythm;work factors;personal conditions;environmental factors.These factors are regarded as the variables for constructing scenarios.The importance,uncertainty,influence and dependence of variables and variable pairs were assessed by using morphological analysis,quantitative scales and correlation matrices.Ship movement and workload are selected as the two key variables,which are regarded as the axes of generating scenarios.One of the scenarios is selected as the typical scenario to illustrate the relationship between the causes of fatigue.Then,the analysis framework is constructed according to the fatigue factors relationship,and several potential solutions are proposed,which include the development of foresighted and flexible work plans,and the application of wearable facilities to improve monitoring and assessment systems.The proposed framework lays a theoretical foundation for studying maritime human fatigue,and scenario analysis can provide an effective strategy for reducing crews'fatigue.展开更多
Glutathione S-transferases （GSTs） are phase II enzymes that facilitate the detoxification of xenobioties and play important roles in antioxidant defense. We investigated the expression patterns of seven Venerupis ph...Glutathione S-transferases （GSTs） are phase II enzymes that facilitate the detoxification of xenobioties and play important roles in antioxidant defense. We investigated the expression patterns of seven Venerupis philippinarum GSTs （VpGSTs） and four Mytilus galloprovincialis GSTs （MgGSTs） following exposure to BDE-47. Differential expressions of the seven VpGSTs and four MgGSTs transcripts were observed, with differences between the hepatopancreas and gills. Among these GSTs, the sigma classes （VpGSTS1, VpGSTS2, VpGSTS3, MgGST1, and MgGST3） were highly expressed in response to BDE-47 exposure, demonstrating their potential as molecular biomarkers for environmental biomonitoring studies. We obtained the three-dimensional crystal structures of VpGSTs and MgGSTs by homologous modeling. A model to elucidate the binding interactions between the ligands and receptors was defined by molecular docking, Hydrophobic and n were the most often observed interactions between BDE-47 and the GSTs.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD) is one of the most common types of dementia whose hallmarks include neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. The latter are mainly composed of amyloid-β proteins(Aβ), and it's sugg...Alzheimer's disease(AD) is one of the most common types of dementia whose hallmarks include neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. The latter are mainly composed of amyloid-β proteins(Aβ), and it's suggested that Aβ may be the causative factor in AD pathogenesis. Immunotherapy targeting Aβ for preventing aggregation of Aβ and mildly clearing amyloid plaques has been a hot topic since 1999. Although the first clinical trial of Aβ vaccine, AN-1792, failed in phase II, its results suggested some key points in the design of Aβ vaccines. Avoiding the possible toxic Aβ specific T cell response and inducing a Th2 type cellular immune response may be beneficial for Aβ immunotherapy. Many associations and research groups are working on Aβ vaccine and some progress has been made in recent years. In this review, we have provided a detailed summary of past Aβ vaccines, which have been sorted by the immunogen, and we also discuss some recent progress and future perspectives.展开更多
基金the NSFC (No.40476060)Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2002AA629120)
文摘The t-SNARE protein SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) plays an essential role in regulating fusion between the vesicle and plasma membranes during exocytosis. To clone and characterize SNAP-25 gene, the first step in the functional study of SNARE proteins in marine teleostean, was to obtain the cDNA of sea perch SNAP-25 (SPsn25) by RT-PCR and RACE-PCR amplification of a Japanese sea perch. The full-length cDNA of 831bp contains a CDS of 615 bp, coding 204 amino acid residues, and a 5′UTR of 219bp. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that SPsn25 corresponds with SNAP-25a isoform and shares 91.1% identity with SNAP-25a of a goldfish and a zebrafish. The SPsn25 expression in both mRNA and protein levels in the Japanese sea perch had been identified through semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot assay. Together, these data again confirmed the nerve tissue specificity of the fish SNAP-25 gene expression.
基金Supported by the NSFC (No. 30370185), and the Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Education Committee.
文摘The present paper deals with the taxonomic reexamination and description of two species of Chirolophis collected in Chinese waters from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. C. japonicus Herzenstein, 1890 was previously reported and known by its synonym Azuma emmnion Jordan and Snyder, 1902; C. saitone (Jordan et Snyder, 1902) represents the first record of this species in China from Bohai Sea. A key for their identification and a discussion on all the nominal species and their geographic distribution are provided.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40730847&40906063)the Student Research Training Program of Ocean University of China(No.0811010509)
文摘In this study,we integrated a DNA barcoding project with an ecological survey on intertidal polychaete communities and investigated the utility of CO1 gene sequence as a DNA barcode for the classification of the intertidal polychaetes.Using 16S rDNA as a complementary marker and combining morphological and ecological characterization,some of dominant and common polychaete species from Chinese coasts were assessed for their taxonomic status.We obtained 22 haplotype gene sequences of 13 taxa,including 10 CO1 sequences and 12 16S rDNA sequences.Based on intra-and inter-specific distances,we built phylogenetic trees using the neighbor-joining method.Our study suggested that the mitochondrial CO1 gene was a valid DNA barcoding marker for species identification in polychaetes,but other genes,such as 16S rDNA,could be used as a complementary genetic marker.For more accurate species identification and effective testing of species hypothesis,DNA barcoding should be incorporated with morphological,ecological,biogeographical,and phylogenetic information.The application of DNA barcoding and molecular identification in the ecological survey on the intertidal polychaete communities demonstrated the feasibility of integrating DNA taxonomy and ecology.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71573172,51709168).
文摘The framework of fatigue factors is constructed to reduce the number of maritime accidents caused by human fatigue.Based on the study of maritime human fatigue,by screening and classifying it,there are 15 fatigue factors,which can be classified into 4 types:sleep,rest and rhythm;work factors;personal conditions;environmental factors.These factors are regarded as the variables for constructing scenarios.The importance,uncertainty,influence and dependence of variables and variable pairs were assessed by using morphological analysis,quantitative scales and correlation matrices.Ship movement and workload are selected as the two key variables,which are regarded as the axes of generating scenarios.One of the scenarios is selected as the typical scenario to illustrate the relationship between the causes of fatigue.Then,the analysis framework is constructed according to the fatigue factors relationship,and several potential solutions are proposed,which include the development of foresighted and flexible work plans,and the application of wearable facilities to improve monitoring and assessment systems.The proposed framework lays a theoretical foundation for studying maritime human fatigue,and scenario analysis can provide an effective strategy for reducing crews'fatigue.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21107136)the International Foundation for Science(No.F/5230-1)
文摘Glutathione S-transferases （GSTs） are phase II enzymes that facilitate the detoxification of xenobioties and play important roles in antioxidant defense. We investigated the expression patterns of seven Venerupis philippinarum GSTs （VpGSTs） and four Mytilus galloprovincialis GSTs （MgGSTs） following exposure to BDE-47. Differential expressions of the seven VpGSTs and four MgGSTs transcripts were observed, with differences between the hepatopancreas and gills. Among these GSTs, the sigma classes （VpGSTS1, VpGSTS2, VpGSTS3, MgGST1, and MgGST3） were highly expressed in response to BDE-47 exposure, demonstrating their potential as molecular biomarkers for environmental biomonitoring studies. We obtained the three-dimensional crystal structures of VpGSTs and MgGSTs by homologous modeling. A model to elucidate the binding interactions between the ligands and receptors was defined by molecular docking, Hydrophobic and n were the most often observed interactions between BDE-47 and the GSTs.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB910700,2012CB821600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21472109,21102082)the Research Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(113005A)
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD) is one of the most common types of dementia whose hallmarks include neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. The latter are mainly composed of amyloid-β proteins(Aβ), and it's suggested that Aβ may be the causative factor in AD pathogenesis. Immunotherapy targeting Aβ for preventing aggregation of Aβ and mildly clearing amyloid plaques has been a hot topic since 1999. Although the first clinical trial of Aβ vaccine, AN-1792, failed in phase II, its results suggested some key points in the design of Aβ vaccines. Avoiding the possible toxic Aβ specific T cell response and inducing a Th2 type cellular immune response may be beneficial for Aβ immunotherapy. Many associations and research groups are working on Aβ vaccine and some progress has been made in recent years. In this review, we have provided a detailed summary of past Aβ vaccines, which have been sorted by the immunogen, and we also discuss some recent progress and future perspectives.
