海尔生态平台及其战略分析

随着大数据、云计算、物联网、人工智能等新兴技术的发展,企业与企业、企业与个人之间的关系发生了深刻的变革。面对外部环境的动态变化及诸多不确定性,企业需要通过制定合适的生态战略实现组织变革和转型升级。本文选取生态战略制定及实施的先驱——海尔进行案例分析,主要分析了海尔的三大生态战略平台所蕴含的核心理念及生态战略思想,从而为其他企业的生态转型和升级提供借鉴。

海尔生态转型新模式

在数字经济时代,企业变成了一个开放的生态系统,这个系统里有一整套机制和规范,吸引着不同的群体加入,激励他们在这里互动、创新、增值,实现自我价值的同时达成平台的价值追求。海尔的55N生态化模型(见图1)包括两个方向:横向利益攸关方共享体验生态化和纵向产品服务价值创造生态化,而非单独一个产品、部门、职能的局部生态化,是一个开放、持续的综合架构。其中横向生态化包括面向城市升级诉求的产城融合生态,满足中小企业转型升级诉求的产业赋能生态,关注企业员工认知成长的知识管理生态,旨在与用户零距离交互以促进产品迭代的品牌社群生态,赋能创新创业者的创客创业生态。

Effects of Lugol's iodine solution and formalin on cell volume of three bloom-forming dinoflagellates

Fixatives are traditionally used in marine ecosystem research. The bias introduced by fixatives on.the dimensions of plankton cells may lead to an overestimation or underestimation of the carbon biomass. To determine the impact of traditional fixatives on dinoflagellates during short- and long-term fixation, we analyzed the degree of change in three bloom-forming dinoflagellates （Prorocentrum rnicans, Scrippsiella trochoidea and Nocfiluca scintillans） brought about by Lugol＇s iodine solution （hereafter Lugol＇s） and formalin. The fixation effects were species-specific. P. micans cell volume showed no significant change following long-term preservation, and S. trochoidea swelled by approximately 8.06% in Lugol＇s and by 20.97% in formalin as a percentage of the live cell volume, respectively. N. scintillans shrank significantly in both fixatives. The volume change due to formalin in N. scintillans was not concentration-dependent, whereas the volume shrinkage ofN. scintillans cells fixed with Lugol＇s at a concentration of 2% was nearly six-fold that in cells fixed with Lugol＇s at a concentration of 0.6%-0.8%. To better estimate the volume of N. scintillans fixed in formalin at a concentration of 5%, we suggest that the conversion relationship was as follows： volume of live cell=volume of intact fixed cell/0.61. Apart from size change, damage induced by fixatives on N. scintillans was obvious. Lugol＇s is not a suitable fixative for N. scintillans due to high frequency of broken cells. Accurate carbon biomass estimate ofN. scintillans should be performed on live samples. These findings help to improve the estimate of phytoplankton cell volume and carbon biomass in marine ecosystem.

Variations of Dissolved Iron in the Amur River During an Extreme Flood Event in 2013

As a key factor limiting primary productivity in marine ecosystem, dissolved iron(DFe) export from fluvial systems has increased recently. There is particular concern about discharges of DFe during extreme flooding, when they are thought to increase considerably. An extreme flood event that caused inundation of extensive areas of Far Eastern Russia and Northeastern China occurred in the basin of the Amur River during summer and autumn 2013. During this event, water samples were collected in the middle reaches of the Amur River and the lower reaches at Khabarovsk City and analyzed for DFe concentrations and other aquatic parameters. The results show that the average DFe concentrations in the middle reaches of the Amur River(right bank) and at Khabarovsk were 1.11 mg/L and 0.32 mg/L, respectively, during the extreme flood in 2013. The total discharge of DFe during the flood event was 6.25 × 104 t. The high discharge of DFe during the flood reflects the elevated discharge of the river, hydrologically connected riparian wetlands, vast quantities of terrestrial runoff, and flood discharges from the Zeya and Bureya reservoirs. These results show that long-term monitoring is needed to identify and assess the impacts of DFe transport on the downstream reaches, estuarine area, and coastal ecosystems of the Amur River.

A Comparative Study of Taoist and Heideggerian Concepts of Nature From Perspectives of Technology and Deep Ecology

With the theory of existentialism, hermeneutics and phenomenology, this paper carries out profound exploration in a comparative study of Heidegger and Taoist＇s concept of nature and the significance of understanding it. It not only plays an important role in comparison and analogy of eastern culture and western culture in the aspect of civilization and cultural communication, but also helps to take advantage of their theories to support the environmental-friendly movement. Moreover, the text also investigates some controversy in this field and how to solve the problems as well as the meaning of solutions. Both of the theories are significant for deep ecology for their opposing modern technology＇s generally reductionistic and materialistic view of nature.

Potential Impacts of Discharges from Seawater Reverse Osmosis on Algeria Marine Environment

Desalination processes have environmental impacts. The brine water discharge has an impact on marine ecosystem. This is mostly due to the highly saline brine that is discharged into the sea, which may be increased by temperature, contain residual chemicals from the pretreatment process, heavy metals from corrosion or intermittently used cleaning agents. The effluent from desalination plants is a multi-component waste, with multiple effects on water, sediment and marine organisms. Therefore, it affects the quality of the resource which it depends on. In this study, selected water quality parameters in the seawater and the presence of heavy metals of concern in the sediments and algae were monitored to investigate the impacts of the discharges by seawater desalination plants using reverse osmosis on the receiving marine environment. In light of the results obtained, the analyzed water has a physicochemical quality more or less adequate, moreover, chemical analyzes in seaweed and sediments show relatively low levels of heavy metals.

Some Important Correlations between Water Resources and Natural Ecosystems in Albania

Albania has a lot of water re,;ources including： seas, rivers, lakes, lagoons as well as underground waters. Albania has about 485 mm precipitation annual year, with the forms of rain and snow. Most precipitations descend from the rivers and flow into the Adriatic Sea. About 23% of underground waters are distributed in all country and used by people for different activities. There are also a lot of kinds of natural habitats and ecosystems, such as： Mediterranean shrubs, broadleaves forests, conifer forests, mixed forests, alpine and sub-alpine pasture ecosystems, meadows, rock area, marine ecosystems, coastal, lagoons and other wetland areas, lakes, rivers, but of course and agricultural area. All of them have good correlations between the vegetation and water resources. This correlation is more evident near the rivers, lakes, lagoons etc..

The Microbiologic Water Pollution on Marine Ecosystems Velipoja Beach, Albania

Waters in marine ecosystems are likely contamination. The origin of pollution may be industrial, radioactive, agricultural, urban mikobiologjike etc.. The study was conducted in the waters of the Adriatic sea ecosystem aims to analyze the microbiological contamination areas. These waters are used for holiday purposes by citizens. The samplings of marine water are taken from the stratum water surface about 10 cm, at a distance 10-20 m by sea coast. These samples are examined in laboratory for determination of two micro organisms, indicators excrements pollution Faecal Coliform （FC） （ISO 9803） and FC, probably Streptococcus Faecal （FS） with Filtrate Membrane Method＇s in specific areas （ISO 7899-2）. In area Velipoja, Albania, the microbiologic elaborated analyses have resulted as follows： For FC and Streptococcus Faecal are given the minimal values FC-50, FS-50 and maximal values FC-90, FS-90 per 100 mL. About the evaluation of reaction （pH） is concluded that in Albania the sea waters coastal zones have a lightly alkaline ambient, where pH value is in the range 7.5-8.3, estimated according to recommended standards 6-9. No cases of red-tide algae development have been observed.