The micro-turbine is known as a producer of high-grade energy （work） and also low energy （heat）. The following low grade heat energy have been modeled under ISO ambient conditions （international standard organiza...The micro-turbine is known as a producer of high-grade energy （work） and also low energy （heat）. The following low grade heat energy have been modeled under ISO ambient conditions （international standard organization）, i.e. 15 ℃ and 1 bar, to utilize the waste heat energy of a 200 kW micro-turbine combined with a single effect absorption chiller, an organic ranking cycle using R245fa （ORC-R245 fa） as a working fluid, a multi-effect distillation desalination （MED） and a thermal vapor compression MED Desalination unit （TVC-MED）. The thermal comparison was carried out based on an energy and exergy analysis in terms of electric efficiency, exergetic efficiency, carbon footprint, and energy utilization factor （EUF）. The software package IPSEpro has been used to model and simulate the proposed power plants. As a result, utilizing the exhaust waste heat energy in single-effect absorption chillier has contributed to stabilize ambient temperature fluctuation, and gain the best exergetic efficiency of 39%, while the EUF has reached 72% and the carbon footprint was reduced by 75% in MED and TVC-MED Desalination respectively. The results also reveal that TVC-MED is more efficient than traditional MED as its gain output ratio （GOR） is improved by 5.5%. In addition, ORC-245fa generates an additional 20% of the micro-turbine electricity generation.展开更多
This article classifies the seawater desalination technology into four types of hot method, membrane method, electric field method and solvent method. Electric field method and solvent method still remain experimental...This article classifies the seawater desalination technology into four types of hot method, membrane method, electric field method and solvent method. Electric field method and solvent method still remain experimental stage, while hot method and membrane method have been realized in commercialization but are difficult to be promoted. The problem lies in high water-producing cost. It is difficult for membrane method seawater desalination technology to reduce the water-producing cost. The heat utilization efficiency is not high for the current hot method seawater desalination technology and there is large amount of heat lost with the emission of concentrated seawater. The new hot method seawater desalination technology and new solar-powered seawater desalination technology can divide the seawater into fresh water and solid salt without any emission of concentrated seawater so that the heat utilization efficiency can reach theoretical limit to multiply reduce the water-producing cost. They will become the mainstream technology for seawater desalination and can totally eliminate the global water crisis.展开更多
Small modular reactors(SMRs) are beneficial in providing electricity power safely and viable for specific applications such as seawater desalination and heat production. Due to its inherent safety feature, the modular...Small modular reactors(SMRs) are beneficial in providing electricity power safely and viable for specific applications such as seawater desalination and heat production. Due to its inherent safety feature, the modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor(MHTGR) is considered as one of the best candidates for SMR-based nuclear power plants. Since its dynamics presents high nonlinearity and parameter uncertainty, it is necessary to develop adaptive power-level control, which is beneficial to safe, stable, and efficient operation of MHTGR and is easy to be implemented. In this paper, based on the physically-based control design approach, an adaptive outputfeedback power-level control is proposed for MHTGRs. This control can guarantee globally bounded closedloop stability and has a simple form. Numerical simulation results show the correctness of the theoretical analysis and satisfactory regulation performance of this control.展开更多
文摘The micro-turbine is known as a producer of high-grade energy （work） and also low energy （heat）. The following low grade heat energy have been modeled under ISO ambient conditions （international standard organization）, i.e. 15 ℃ and 1 bar, to utilize the waste heat energy of a 200 kW micro-turbine combined with a single effect absorption chiller, an organic ranking cycle using R245fa （ORC-R245 fa） as a working fluid, a multi-effect distillation desalination （MED） and a thermal vapor compression MED Desalination unit （TVC-MED）. The thermal comparison was carried out based on an energy and exergy analysis in terms of electric efficiency, exergetic efficiency, carbon footprint, and energy utilization factor （EUF）. The software package IPSEpro has been used to model and simulate the proposed power plants. As a result, utilizing the exhaust waste heat energy in single-effect absorption chillier has contributed to stabilize ambient temperature fluctuation, and gain the best exergetic efficiency of 39%, while the EUF has reached 72% and the carbon footprint was reduced by 75% in MED and TVC-MED Desalination respectively. The results also reveal that TVC-MED is more efficient than traditional MED as its gain output ratio （GOR） is improved by 5.5%. In addition, ORC-245fa generates an additional 20% of the micro-turbine electricity generation.
文摘This article classifies the seawater desalination technology into four types of hot method, membrane method, electric field method and solvent method. Electric field method and solvent method still remain experimental stage, while hot method and membrane method have been realized in commercialization but are difficult to be promoted. The problem lies in high water-producing cost. It is difficult for membrane method seawater desalination technology to reduce the water-producing cost. The heat utilization efficiency is not high for the current hot method seawater desalination technology and there is large amount of heat lost with the emission of concentrated seawater. The new hot method seawater desalination technology and new solar-powered seawater desalination technology can divide the seawater into fresh water and solid salt without any emission of concentrated seawater so that the heat utilization efficiency can reach theoretical limit to multiply reduce the water-producing cost. They will become the mainstream technology for seawater desalination and can totally eliminate the global water crisis.
文摘Small modular reactors(SMRs) are beneficial in providing electricity power safely and viable for specific applications such as seawater desalination and heat production. Due to its inherent safety feature, the modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor(MHTGR) is considered as one of the best candidates for SMR-based nuclear power plants. Since its dynamics presents high nonlinearity and parameter uncertainty, it is necessary to develop adaptive power-level control, which is beneficial to safe, stable, and efficient operation of MHTGR and is easy to be implemented. In this paper, based on the physically-based control design approach, an adaptive outputfeedback power-level control is proposed for MHTGRs. This control can guarantee globally bounded closedloop stability and has a simple form. Numerical simulation results show the correctness of the theoretical analysis and satisfactory regulation performance of this control.
