Retention efficiencies (RE) of scallop (Chlamys farreri),oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and mussel (Mytilus edulis) in a flow-through system were measured to understand the short-term response to various particle and orga...Retention efficiencies (RE) of scallop (Chlamys farreri),oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and mussel (Mytilus edulis) in a flow-through system were measured to understand the short-term response to various particle and organic matter concentrations.By comparing the RE of C.farreri with that of C.gigas and M.edulis,we gained further knowledge on the feeding physiological characteristics of C.farreri and ascertained the possible cause of high summer mortalities of this species.The experimental feeding conditions included natural differences in the abundance and composition of suspended seston,as well as conditions in which seston abundance and composition were manipulated by adding natural silt or cultured microalgae.The results show that in natural sea water,the minimum particle size for maximal retention in M.edulis,C.gigas and C.farreri was approximately 4,6,and 8 μm,respectively;the RE of 2-μm (equivalent spherical diameter) particles was 17%,19%,and 8%,respectively;and the relative standardized RE was 58%,49%,and 18%,respectively.In C.gigas and M.edulis,the minimal particle size for maximal retention did not change with food quality (organic content).C.farreri was more sensitive to fluctuations in particle concentration and organic content.With particle concentration increase,the minimal particle size for maximal retention in scallop shifted to large particles and the RE for 2-μm particle decreased from 8% in natural seawater to 1.6%-6% in silt-enriched groups.With organic content increase,the minimal particle size for maximal retention shifted from 8 to 5 μm in natural seawater.Variation in RE of C.farreri with food conditions and the relationship between lower RE and smaller particle size may hamper C.farreri from food taking due to the decrease in the size distribution of phytoplankton in Sungo Bay.展开更多
Zhikong scallop(Chlamys farreri) is an important maricultured species in China.Many researches on this species,such as population genetics and QTL fine-mapping,need a large number of molecular markers.In this study,ba...Zhikong scallop(Chlamys farreri) is an important maricultured species in China.Many researches on this species,such as population genetics and QTL fine-mapping,need a large number of molecular markers.In this study,based on the expressed sequence tags(EST),a total of 300 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were selected and validated using high resolution melting(HRM) technology with unlabeled probe.Of them,101(33.7%) were found to be polymorphic in 48 individuals from 4 populations.Further evaluation with 48 individuals from Qingdao population showed that all the polymorphic loci had two alleles with the minor allele frequency ranged from 0.046 to 0.500.The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.925 and from 0.089 to 0.505,respectively.Fifteen loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and significant linkage disequilibrate was detected in one pair of markers.BLASTx gave significant hits for 72 of the 101 polymorphic SNP-containing ESTs.Thirty four polymorphic SNP loci were predicted to be non-synonymous substitutions as they caused either the change of codons(33 SNPs) or pretermination of translation(1 SNP).The markers developed can be used for the population studies and genetic improvement on Zhikong scallop.展开更多
For the supply of fish and shellfish to consumers in fresh condition, clean handling after catch from the sea is essential. According to HACCP （Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points）, it is important to meet s...For the supply of fish and shellfish to consumers in fresh condition, clean handling after catch from the sea is essential. According to HACCP （Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points）, it is important to meet such requirement by keeping fish and shellfish under a certain low temperature and clean conditions after catching. The deep ocean water （DOW） characterized by low temperature and cleanliness has been chosen for fish and shellfish handlings, particularly for salmon, cod, and sea urchin in Town ＇Rausu＇ in Hokkaido, Japan. DOW below 2.9℃ of an amount of nearly 5 000 m^3 is planned to be pumped up every day from a depth of about 350 m, and temporarily stored in a large simulated tank on land. DOW is then supplied to fish boats through hydrants distributed throughout the harbor and used for keeping salmon in clean and cold conditions. Ice made from DOW is also used for lowering temperature if necessary. DOW and ice made from DOW are also used during the transportation of fish and shellfish. The entire system is scheduled to be completed by the summer of 2005.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40676093)European Community INCO-DC Project ERBIC18CT980291+2 种基金National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2006CB400608)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2006AA100307)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)(No.2006BAD09A09)
文摘Retention efficiencies (RE) of scallop (Chlamys farreri),oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and mussel (Mytilus edulis) in a flow-through system were measured to understand the short-term response to various particle and organic matter concentrations.By comparing the RE of C.farreri with that of C.gigas and M.edulis,we gained further knowledge on the feeding physiological characteristics of C.farreri and ascertained the possible cause of high summer mortalities of this species.The experimental feeding conditions included natural differences in the abundance and composition of suspended seston,as well as conditions in which seston abundance and composition were manipulated by adding natural silt or cultured microalgae.The results show that in natural sea water,the minimum particle size for maximal retention in M.edulis,C.gigas and C.farreri was approximately 4,6,and 8 μm,respectively;the RE of 2-μm (equivalent spherical diameter) particles was 17%,19%,and 8%,respectively;and the relative standardized RE was 58%,49%,and 18%,respectively.In C.gigas and M.edulis,the minimal particle size for maximal retention did not change with food quality (organic content).C.farreri was more sensitive to fluctuations in particle concentration and organic content.With particle concentration increase,the minimal particle size for maximal retention in scallop shifted to large particles and the RE for 2-μm particle decreased from 8% in natural seawater to 1.6%-6% in silt-enriched groups.With organic content increase,the minimal particle size for maximal retention shifted from 8 to 5 μm in natural seawater.Variation in RE of C.farreri with food conditions and the relationship between lower RE and smaller particle size may hamper C.farreri from food taking due to the decrease in the size distribution of phytoplankton in Sungo Bay.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31130054)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2010CB126406 and 2010CB126402)+2 种基金the National High-Tech R&D Program(863 Program,2012AA10A402 and 2012AA10A405)the National Key Technology R&D Program(2011BAD13B06)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research
文摘Zhikong scallop(Chlamys farreri) is an important maricultured species in China.Many researches on this species,such as population genetics and QTL fine-mapping,need a large number of molecular markers.In this study,based on the expressed sequence tags(EST),a total of 300 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were selected and validated using high resolution melting(HRM) technology with unlabeled probe.Of them,101(33.7%) were found to be polymorphic in 48 individuals from 4 populations.Further evaluation with 48 individuals from Qingdao population showed that all the polymorphic loci had two alleles with the minor allele frequency ranged from 0.046 to 0.500.The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.925 and from 0.089 to 0.505,respectively.Fifteen loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and significant linkage disequilibrate was detected in one pair of markers.BLASTx gave significant hits for 72 of the 101 polymorphic SNP-containing ESTs.Thirty four polymorphic SNP loci were predicted to be non-synonymous substitutions as they caused either the change of codons(33 SNPs) or pretermination of translation(1 SNP).The markers developed can be used for the population studies and genetic improvement on Zhikong scallop.
文摘For the supply of fish and shellfish to consumers in fresh condition, clean handling after catch from the sea is essential. According to HACCP （Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points）, it is important to meet such requirement by keeping fish and shellfish under a certain low temperature and clean conditions after catching. The deep ocean water （DOW） characterized by low temperature and cleanliness has been chosen for fish and shellfish handlings, particularly for salmon, cod, and sea urchin in Town ＇Rausu＇ in Hokkaido, Japan. DOW below 2.9℃ of an amount of nearly 5 000 m^3 is planned to be pumped up every day from a depth of about 350 m, and temporarily stored in a large simulated tank on land. DOW is then supplied to fish boats through hydrants distributed throughout the harbor and used for keeping salmon in clean and cold conditions. Ice made from DOW is also used for lowering temperature if necessary. DOW and ice made from DOW are also used during the transportation of fish and shellfish. The entire system is scheduled to be completed by the summer of 2005.
