In order to estimate the biodegradation of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds, bacterial strains were isolated from marine sediments in three heavily contaminated sites (Yuandang Lake, Dongdu Port...In order to estimate the biodegradation of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds, bacterial strains were isolated from marine sediments in three heavily contaminated sites (Yuandang Lake, Dongdu Port and Aquacultural zones in Maluan Bay) in Xiamen Western Sea. The results show three bacterial strains, which used pyrene as the sole carbon source, were identified as strains of Aureobacterium sp., Arthrobacter sp., Rhodococcus sp. The PAH-degrading bacteria isolated had a strong ability to degrade phenan-hrene, fluoranthene and pyrene at different degradation rates. The highest degradation rate was observed when three PAH compounds were mixed with an individual strain in the medium. The three PAHs were degraded after one week with a degradation rate of 89.94 % for phenanthrene and 93.4 % for both of fluoranthene and pyrene. In addition, after 25 days of incubation, the degradation rate was 99.98 % for phenanthrene and 99.97 % for both of fluoranthene and pyrene. Optical density was measured to estimate bacterial growth during the degradation of PAHs. Highest levels of bacterial growth were observed with a three PAH mixture in the culture, suggesting that the concentration of PAHs influenced bacterial growth and the highest levels of degradation for most series were detected after one week of incubation.展开更多
The characteristics and infraciliature of a new euplotid ciliate, Euplotes qingdaoensis n. sp., discovered from the coastal waters of Jiaozhou Bay, northern China, were studied using live observation and silver impreg...The characteristics and infraciliature of a new euplotid ciliate, Euplotes qingdaoensis n. sp., discovered from the coastal waters of Jiaozhou Bay, northern China, were studied using live observation and silver impregnation. The new marine species is characterized by a slightly flattened body （90-110 um×70- 80 um, in vivo）, an adoral zone of 26-29 membranelles, 10 strong frontoventral and five transverse cirri, two caudal cirri, a single left marginal cirrus, seven dorsal kineties, a middle kinety with about 15 pairs of basal bodies, a silverline system of the double-eurystomus type, and a C-shaped macronucleus.展开更多
To study population dynamics of marine ciliates in different artificial seawaters （ASW）, the population growth dynamics of a common marine ciliate Euplotes vannus were investigated using beef extract media and rice ...To study population dynamics of marine ciliates in different artificial seawaters （ASW）, the population growth dynamics of a common marine ciliate Euplotes vannus were investigated using beef extract media and rice media for five types of ASW and natural seawater （NSW）. The results show that： （1） the population growth rate was in the order of NSW〉Flack ASW〉Nakamula ASW〉Schmadz ASW〉Oshima ASW〉Subow ASW and was considerably higher in rice media than in beef extract media （apart from Subow ASW）; （2） the maximum density of E. vannus in stationary phase in each treatment was ranked as Hack ASW〉Nakamula ASW〉Schmadz ASW〉NSW〉Oshima ASW〉Subow ASW, and was again higher in rice media than in beef extract media （except for Subow ASW）; （3） the exponential and stationary phases were longer in rice media than in beef extract media; （4） strains of E. vannus that had been domesticated for 〉1 year in ASW grew significantly slower, with lower maximum density and longer stationary phase than those isolated and maintained in NSW. It was demonstrated that： （1） E. vannus may grow well in Flack, Nakamula and Schmads ASW compared with NSW （mainly in terms of growth rate）; and （2） Oshima ASW is the preferred choice for stock cultures of E. vannus, but the ASWs Flack, Nakamula and Schmadz are preferred for mass culture. These findings suggest that these three ASWs are effective for the cultivation of marine protozoa for experimental studies on ecology, toxicology and molecular biology.展开更多
Xiamen Bay in South China has experienced extensive coastal exploitation since the 1950s,resulting in some severe environmental problems.Local authorities now have completed or are implementing many environmental rest...Xiamen Bay in South China has experienced extensive coastal exploitation since the 1950s,resulting in some severe environmental problems.Local authorities now have completed or are implementing many environmental restoration projects.Evaluating the cumulative impact of exploitation and restoration activities on the environment is a complicated multi-disciplinary problem.However,hydrodynamic changes in the bay caused by such coastal projects can be characterized directly and definitively through numerical modeling.This paper assesses the cumulative effect of coastal projects on the hydrodynamic setting using a high-resolution numerical modeling method that makes use of tidal current speeds and the tidal prism as two hydrodynamic indices.Changes in tidal velocity and the characteristics of the tidal prism show that hydrodynamic conditions have declined from 1938 to 2007 in the full-tide area.The tidal current speed and tidal prism have decreased by 40% in the western part of the bay and 20% in the eastern part of the bay.Because of the linear relationship between tidal prism and area,the degraded hydrodynamic conditions are anticipated to be restored to 1972 levels following the completion of current and proposed restoration projects,i.e.33% and 15% decrease in the hydrodynamic conditions of 1938 for the western and eastern parts of the bay,respectively.The results indicate that hydrodynamic conditions can be restored to some extent with the implementation of a sustainable coastal development plan,although a full reversal of conditions is not possible.To fully assess the environmental changes in a region,more indices,e.g.,water quality and ecosystem parameters,should be considered in future evaluations.展开更多
Water utility is considered as unique among all the natural monopolies. Overseas private sector involvement in water utility operation has been always being a sensitive topic in China. Overseas investment and engageme...Water utility is considered as unique among all the natural monopolies. Overseas private sector involvement in water utility operation has been always being a sensitive topic in China. Overseas investment and engagement has happened progressively in spite of implicit and explicit barriers within China. Reviewing past foreign investments in water supply and sanitation in China, experiences and lessons co-existed, based on the combined analysis both concerning the past practices and current new possibilities, the future cooperation on international private sector participation can be looked forward to.展开更多
Observations indicate an abnormal characteristic of saltwater intrusion in the upper Modaomen Waterway of the Pearl River Estuary,i.e.,the maximum salinity occurs during the neap tide or the coming moderate tide inste...Observations indicate an abnormal characteristic of saltwater intrusion in the upper Modaomen Waterway of the Pearl River Estuary,i.e.,the maximum salinity occurs during the neap tide or the coming moderate tide instead of during the spring tide.To explore the associated dynamic mechanisms,a high resolution three-dimensional numerical model was set up based on the Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model(FVCOM),which covered the entire river network,the Pearl River Estuary,and the adjacent sea.Numerical experiments illustrated that the upper Modaomen Waterway is significantly influenced by the saltwater intrusion from the Hongwan Waterway,a narrow and shallow channel connecting the Modaomen Waterway to the sea.Specific topography,spring-neap tidal variation,local wind stress,and their interaction drive an up-estuary residual current in the Hongwan Waterway,which is much stronger during the neap tide than during the spring tide.As a result,more saltwater in the Hongwan Waterway is spilled over into the Modaomen Waterway during the neap tide or the coming moderate tide.This is the inherent dynamic mechanism why the saltwater intrusion in the upper Modaomen Waterway reaches its maximum during the neap tide or the coming moderate tide.Besides,we also found that the winter prevailing wind can pronouncedly enhance the saltwater intrusion in the Modaomen Waterway.展开更多
基金Supported by the NSFC (No.30070157 40206015) and the Scientific Fund of Quanzhou City (No. Z200234).
文摘In order to estimate the biodegradation of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds, bacterial strains were isolated from marine sediments in three heavily contaminated sites (Yuandang Lake, Dongdu Port and Aquacultural zones in Maluan Bay) in Xiamen Western Sea. The results show three bacterial strains, which used pyrene as the sole carbon source, were identified as strains of Aureobacterium sp., Arthrobacter sp., Rhodococcus sp. The PAH-degrading bacteria isolated had a strong ability to degrade phenan-hrene, fluoranthene and pyrene at different degradation rates. The highest degradation rate was observed when three PAH compounds were mixed with an individual strain in the medium. The three PAHs were degraded after one week with a degradation rate of 89.94 % for phenanthrene and 93.4 % for both of fluoranthene and pyrene. In addition, after 25 days of incubation, the degradation rate was 99.98 % for phenanthrene and 99.97 % for both of fluoranthene and pyrene. Optical density was measured to estimate bacterial growth during the degradation of PAHs. Highest levels of bacterial growth were observed with a three PAH mixture in the culture, suggesting that the concentration of PAHs influenced bacterial growth and the highest levels of degradation for most series were detected after one week of incubation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41006086,31272285)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY13C040005)+1 种基金the King Saud University,Deanship of Scientific Research,Research Group Project(No.RGP-VPP-083)the K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘The characteristics and infraciliature of a new euplotid ciliate, Euplotes qingdaoensis n. sp., discovered from the coastal waters of Jiaozhou Bay, northern China, were studied using live observation and silver impregnation. The new marine species is characterized by a slightly flattened body （90-110 um×70- 80 um, in vivo）, an adoral zone of 26-29 membranelles, 10 strong frontoventral and five transverse cirri, two caudal cirri, a single left marginal cirrus, seven dorsal kineties, a middle kinety with about 15 pairs of basal bodies, a silverline system of the double-eurystomus type, and a C-shaped macronucleus.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science foundation of China (Nos.41076089,40976075)a Post-Doctoral Fellowship by Inha University awarded to XU Henglong+1 种基金a Grant from the Center of Excellence in Biodiversity Research,King Saud Universitythe 111 Project of China (No.B08049)
文摘To study population dynamics of marine ciliates in different artificial seawaters （ASW）, the population growth dynamics of a common marine ciliate Euplotes vannus were investigated using beef extract media and rice media for five types of ASW and natural seawater （NSW）. The results show that： （1） the population growth rate was in the order of NSW〉Flack ASW〉Nakamula ASW〉Schmadz ASW〉Oshima ASW〉Subow ASW and was considerably higher in rice media than in beef extract media （apart from Subow ASW）; （2） the maximum density of E. vannus in stationary phase in each treatment was ranked as Hack ASW〉Nakamula ASW〉Schmadz ASW〉NSW〉Oshima ASW〉Subow ASW, and was again higher in rice media than in beef extract media （except for Subow ASW）; （3） the exponential and stationary phases were longer in rice media than in beef extract media; （4） strains of E. vannus that had been domesticated for 〉1 year in ASW grew significantly slower, with lower maximum density and longer stationary phase than those isolated and maintained in NSW. It was demonstrated that： （1） E. vannus may grow well in Flack, Nakamula and Schmads ASW compared with NSW （mainly in terms of growth rate）; and （2） Oshima ASW is the preferred choice for stock cultures of E. vannus, but the ASWs Flack, Nakamula and Schmadz are preferred for mass culture. These findings suggest that these three ASWs are effective for the cultivation of marine protozoa for experimental studies on ecology, toxicology and molecular biology.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41076001,40810069004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2010121029)
文摘Xiamen Bay in South China has experienced extensive coastal exploitation since the 1950s,resulting in some severe environmental problems.Local authorities now have completed or are implementing many environmental restoration projects.Evaluating the cumulative impact of exploitation and restoration activities on the environment is a complicated multi-disciplinary problem.However,hydrodynamic changes in the bay caused by such coastal projects can be characterized directly and definitively through numerical modeling.This paper assesses the cumulative effect of coastal projects on the hydrodynamic setting using a high-resolution numerical modeling method that makes use of tidal current speeds and the tidal prism as two hydrodynamic indices.Changes in tidal velocity and the characteristics of the tidal prism show that hydrodynamic conditions have declined from 1938 to 2007 in the full-tide area.The tidal current speed and tidal prism have decreased by 40% in the western part of the bay and 20% in the eastern part of the bay.Because of the linear relationship between tidal prism and area,the degraded hydrodynamic conditions are anticipated to be restored to 1972 levels following the completion of current and proposed restoration projects,i.e.33% and 15% decrease in the hydrodynamic conditions of 1938 for the western and eastern parts of the bay,respectively.The results indicate that hydrodynamic conditions can be restored to some extent with the implementation of a sustainable coastal development plan,although a full reversal of conditions is not possible.To fully assess the environmental changes in a region,more indices,e.g.,water quality and ecosystem parameters,should be considered in future evaluations.
文摘Water utility is considered as unique among all the natural monopolies. Overseas private sector involvement in water utility operation has been always being a sensitive topic in China. Overseas investment and engagement has happened progressively in spite of implicit and explicit barriers within China. Reviewing past foreign investments in water supply and sanitation in China, experiences and lessons co-existed, based on the combined analysis both concerning the past practices and current new possibilities, the future cooperation on international private sector participation can be looked forward to.
基金supported by the "Creative Research Group" of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41021064)the National Basic Scientific Research Program of Global Change (Grant No.2010CB951201)Marine Special Program for Scientific Research on Public Causes (Grant No. 200705019)
文摘Observations indicate an abnormal characteristic of saltwater intrusion in the upper Modaomen Waterway of the Pearl River Estuary,i.e.,the maximum salinity occurs during the neap tide or the coming moderate tide instead of during the spring tide.To explore the associated dynamic mechanisms,a high resolution three-dimensional numerical model was set up based on the Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model(FVCOM),which covered the entire river network,the Pearl River Estuary,and the adjacent sea.Numerical experiments illustrated that the upper Modaomen Waterway is significantly influenced by the saltwater intrusion from the Hongwan Waterway,a narrow and shallow channel connecting the Modaomen Waterway to the sea.Specific topography,spring-neap tidal variation,local wind stress,and their interaction drive an up-estuary residual current in the Hongwan Waterway,which is much stronger during the neap tide than during the spring tide.As a result,more saltwater in the Hongwan Waterway is spilled over into the Modaomen Waterway during the neap tide or the coming moderate tide.This is the inherent dynamic mechanism why the saltwater intrusion in the upper Modaomen Waterway reaches its maximum during the neap tide or the coming moderate tide.Besides,we also found that the winter prevailing wind can pronouncedly enhance the saltwater intrusion in the Modaomen Waterway.
