青岛海洋游钓基地产业化发展研究

本文对青岛海洋游钓基地产业化进行了SWOT分析，得出了青岛对海洋游钓基地进行产业化发展的优势、劣势、机会和威胁，进而结合需求理论提出了对于青岛海洋游钓基地产业化的一些建议，以充分利用机会和优势，消除劣势，避免威胁，以利于实现产业化。

海洋游仆虫细胞核染色质组分和组蛋白的初步研究

收集海洋游仆虫(Euplotes vannus)的细胞,制备其染色质。稀酸抽提染色质得到的组蛋白经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳、等电点聚焦和氨基酸分析等方法测定,其核染色质中组蛋白占核总蛋白的69.6％;DNA:RNA:组蛋白:非组蛋白为1∶0.022∶1.1∶0.047。染色质的全组蛋白由16种氨基酸组成,碱性氨基酸与酸性氨基酸之比为1.06∶1,是一种弱碱性蛋白质。等电点为pH8.1—9.15,分子量为10,500—22,000道尔顿。

舟山沿海海洋游钓资源与开发利用

舟山既是著名的渔场，又是闻名的旅游观光圣地，发展海洋游钓具有得天独厚的优势。经调查表明，舟山沿海有许多适宜游钓区集中分布在各岛礁附近。本文介绍了鱼类资源种类、分布、数量和游钓区分布等，对游钓资源进行了评价与筛选。提出了开发利用的途径与措施。

特色海洋游 花样任你选

游海港当渔民天津胜利宾馆特独家推出“钓海鱼不计量,尝一尝‘起网宴’”、“游海港、做渔民、瞻炮台、购洋货”等活动。推荐路线1:第一天:北京—洋货市场—午餐—潮音寺—大沽炮台—游天津港—晚餐—住宿第二天:早餐—出海做渔民—午餐—食品街。

中国生态旅游的类型

首先讨论了生态旅游概念的界定和内涵,然后结合我国开展生态旅游的实际情况,综合考虑生态旅游资源的类型及每种类型中所能开展有代表性的生态旅游活动两方面因素,尝试性地把我国的生态旅游分作6个基本类型,并对每种类型的生态旅游价值及资源赋存状况作出简单评价。

美国的游钓渔业

近年来,世界钓鱼风气盛行。在美国,其发展之迅速,更是势不可挡。美国人酷爱钓鱼,认为这是一种很好的娱乐,它可以怡情养性。纵然海面平静,鱼儿不来上钓,但是面对宽阔的海洋,水天相连,海鸥飞翔,白帆点点,夕阳斜照,既可欣赏大自然之美,又可陶养耐性,其乐无穷。 在美国,游钓渔业主要指在近岸采集贝类和钓鱼。作业方式是以钓为主。为了帮助钓鱼爱好者能钓到鱼。

Inorganic Carbon Utilization in Some Marine Phytoplankton Species

In order to learn the ways and possible utilization mechanisms of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in marine phytoplankton species under carbon-replete or -limited conditions, the activity of extracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA) was assayed in different pH, CO 2 and DIC concentrations. Extracellular CA in Amphidinium carterae and Prorocentrum minimum was detected under carbon-replete conditions, while in Melosira sp., Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira rotula, Emiliania huxleyi and Pleurochrysis carterae, CA activity was assayed under conditions of carbon limitation. No CA activity was found even under carbon-limited conditions in Chaetoceros compressus, Glenodinium foliaceum, Coccolithus pelagicus, Gephrocapsa oceanica and Heterosigma akashiwo. In species without extracellular CA activity, the direct HCO - 3 uptake was investigated using a pH drift technique and the anion exchange inhibitor 4′4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (DIDS) in a closed system. The result showed that direct HCO - 3 transport might occur by an anion exchange mechanism in species Coc. pelagicus and G. oceanica. Of the 13 species investigated, only H. akashiwo did not have the potential for direct uptake or extracellular CA-catalyzed HCO - 3 utilization.

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay,China Ⅶ:The complementary mechanism of the earth ecosystem

In this paper, the phenomenon that the variation in nutrient and water temperature could cause changes in phytoplankton growth and structure is examined; and the question of how a marine ecosystem make up the earth ecosystem step by step to auto-sustain the balance between phytoplankton and nutrient supply especially Si is discussed. Three major complementary mechanisms of the earth ecosys- tem for nutrient Si, water temperature and carbon were put forward. Understanding the mechanisms nowadays would explain the why the El Nifio and La Nifia occurred, and forecast the trend of human-impacted the earth, which would alert us with proactive countermeasures.

Production of DMS and DMSP in different physiological stages and salinity conditions in two marine algae

Dimethylsulfide(DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP) production by Scrippsiella trochoidea and Prorocentrum minimum was investigated to characterize the effects of physiological stage and salinity on DMS and DMSP pools of these two marine phytoplankton species.Axenic laboratory cultures of the two marine algae were tested for DMSP production and its conversion into DMS.The results demonstrated that both algal species could produce DMS,but the average concentration of DMS per cell in S.trochoidea(12.63 fmol/L) was about six times that in P.minimum(2.01 fmol/L).DMS and DMSP concentrations in algal cultures varied significantly at different growth stages,with high release during the late stationary growth phase and the senescent phase.DMS production induced by three salinities(22,28,34) showed that the DMS concentrations per cell in the two algal cultures increased with increasing salinity,which might result from intra-cellular DMSP up-regulation with the change of osmotic stress.Our study specifies the distinctive contributions of different physiological stages of marine phytoplankton on DMSP and DMS production,and clarifies the influence of salinity conditions on the release of DMS and DMSP.As S.trochoidea and P.minimum are harmful algal bloom species with high DMS production,they might play an additional significant role in the sulfur cycle when a red tide occurs.

Biomarker evidence for paleoenvironmental changes in the southern Yellow Sea over the last 8200 years

Previous studies have indicated that the Yellow Sea underwent significant environmental changes during the Holocene, but many questions remain concerning the timing of the establishment of the modern circulation system, which would have major implications for the Yellow Sea ecosystem and carbon cycle. In this study, marine and terrestrial biomarkers were analyzed in Core YE-2 from a muddy area in the southern Yellow Sea to reconstruct Holocene environmental and phytoplankton community change. The content of three individual marine phytoplankton biomarkers (alkenones, brassicasterol and dinosterol) all display a similar trend, and their total contents during the early Holocene (362 ng/g) were lower than those during the mid-late Holocene (991 ng/g). On the other hand, the contents of terrestrial biomarkers (C27+C29+C31n-alkanes) during the early Holocene (1 661 ng/g) were about three times higher than those during the mid-late Holocene (499 ng/g). Our biomarker results suggest that the modern circulation system of the Yellow Sea was established by 5-6 ka, and resulted in higher marine productivity and lower terrestrial organic matter inputs. Biomarker ratios were used to estimate shifts in phytoplankton community structure in response to mid-Holocene (5-6 ka) environmental changes in the Yellow Sea, revealing a transition from a dinoflagellate-diatom dominant community structure during the early Holocene to a coccolithophore-dominant community structure during the mid-late Holocene.

Photodegradation of Methylene Blue in Natural Seawater

This paper reports the photochemical degradation of Methylene Blue(MB)in natural seawater(NSW).The photode-gradation reaction conformed to the first-order reaction kinetics with the rate constant 0.0158 min-1.MB was photochemically de-gradated faster under high-pressure mercury lamp(HPML)than under sunlight.When MB was in lower concentrations,salinitycould inhibit the photoreaction whereas MB in higher concentration,salinity could accelerate the photoreaction.Humid acid couldalso inhibit the photoreactions.Toxicity tests with marine phytoplankton Skeletonema costatum(Sk)and Heterosigma akashiwo Hada(Ha)showed decreased acute toxicity after photodegradation.

Laboratory study on the ecological impact of sophorolipid used for harmful algae elimination

We studied the role of sophorolipid in inhibiting harmful algae bloom （HAB）. Different sophorolipid concentrations were tested on marine microalgae, zooplankton, fish, and bivalve （Mytilus edulis） in laboratory. The result shows that sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of algal species selectively. Among three algae species selected, Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis was promoted with increasing sophorolipid concentration; Isochrysis galbana was inhibited seven days later in sophorolipid concentration below 40 mg/L; and Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima was inhibited obviously in only a high sophorolipid concentration over 20 mg/L. Therefore, sophorolipid in a low concentration at 〈20 mg/L could remove certain harmful algae species effectivelywithout harming other non-harmful microalgae. For other animals, sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of ciliate Strombidium sp. by 50% at 20 mg/L sophorolipid concentration after 96 h. The concentration in 96-h LC50 for Calanus sinicus, Neomysis awatschensis, Lateolabrax japonicus, and Paralichthys olivaceus was 15, 150, 60, and 110 mg/L, respectively. The 24 h LC50 value for Arternia salina was 600 mg/L. The relative clearance rate of mussel Mytilus edulis decreased to 80%, 40%, and 20% of the control group after being exposed to 20, 50, and 100 mg/L sophorolipid for 24 h. Therefore, the toxicity for mitigation of harmful algae bloom at previously recommended concentration of 5-20 mg/L sophorolipid is low for most tested organisms in this reaserch.

The absorption of water color components and spectral modes in the Pearl River estuary

In-situ data from cruises in the Pearl River estuary and adjacent marine areas were collected during March to May 2001. The absorption coefficients of the water color components were studied in detail containing total suspended matter （TSM）, chlorophyll-a （chl-a）, colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM）, and de-pigment particles. For absorption coefficient of TSM, ap, and that of de-pigment particles, ad, correlations of ap（440）-TSM, ad（440）-TSM, ap（440）-chl-a and ad-chl-a were done （the italicized term means the concentration）. There was a good correlation between ap（440） and chl-a concentration. An empirical relationship model between aph（675） and chl-a was developed showing a strong correlation of 0.93. Based on the two models the chl-a and aph（2） were correlated. The values of calculated empirical spectral slope for CDOM absorption coefficients and that of de-pigment particles, 0.017 0 and 0.011 6 respectively, both are within a relative standard error of 10.0%.

Taxonomic description of a new marine ciliate,Euplotes qingdaoensis n. sp.(Ciliophora:Euplotida)

The characteristics and infraciliature of a new euplotid ciliate, Euplotes qingdaoensis n. sp., discovered from the coastal waters of Jiaozhou Bay, northern China, were studied using live observation and silver impregnation. The new marine species is characterized by a slightly flattened body （90-110 um×70- 80 um, in vivo）, an adoral zone of 26-29 membranelles, 10 strong frontoventral and five transverse cirri, two caudal cirri, a single left marginal cirrus, seven dorsal kineties, a middle kinety with about 15 pairs of basal bodies, a silverline system of the double-eurystomus type, and a C-shaped macronucleus.

Zooplankton community structure,abundance and biovolume in Jiaozhou Bay and the adjacent coastal Yellow Sea during summers of 2005–2012:relationships with increasing water temperature

Zooplankton abundance, biovolume and taxonomic composition in Jiaozhou Bay and the adjacent coastal Yellow Sea were evaluated using ZooScan measurement of samples collected by net towing every August from 2005 to 2012. Zooplankton abundance and biovolume ranged from 1 938.5 to 24 800 ind./m^3 and 70.8 to 1 480.1 mm^3/m^3 in Jiaozhou Bay and 73.1 to 16 814.3 ind./m^3 and 19.6 to 640.7 mm^3/m^3 in the coastal Yellow Sea. Copepods were the most abundant group in both regions, followed by N octiluca scintillans and appendicularians in Jiaohzou Bay, and chaetognaths and N octiluca scintillans in adjacent coastal Yellow Sea. Over the study period, the most conspicuous hydrographic change was an increase in water temperature. Meanwhile, a general decrease in zooplankton abundance was observed, particularly in copepod populations. Based on redundancy analysis(RDA), the warming trend was the key environmental factor influencing to decrease of copepod abundance. The proportion of small-sized copepods increased while the mean size of all copepods decreased, in significant correlation with water temperature. Our results indicate that zooplankton, particularly copepods, are highly sensitive to change in water temperature, which is consistent with predicted impacts of warming on aquatic ectotherms. Due to their dominance in the zooplankton, the decline in copepod size and abundance could lead to an unfavourable decrease in energy availability for predators, particularly planktivorous fish.

Size-Dependent Growth Rate of Nitzschia closterium at Different Concentrations of Petroleum Hydrocarbon

The maximum growth rate ofNitzschia elosterium at various concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon was studied. The influence of petroleum hydrocarbon on cell size as a function of concentration was discussed. The relationship between maximum growth rate of Nitzschia closterium and cell median equivalent spherical diameter （MESD） was also carefully studied. The experi- mental results showed that the growth rate of Nitzschia elosterium was generally suppressed by petroleum hydrocarbon, which had greater effects at both low and high concentrations than at intermediate concentrations. No significant changes in cell size distribu- tion were observed during the growth period ofNitzsehia closterium. The Gaussian function could give a clear description of the cell size distribution ofNitzsehia closterium, and the MESD value ranged from 2.71 to 6.82 μm. The MESD decreased when the cell was exposed to petroleum hydrocarbon, and the reduction of cell MESD was much more significant at both relatively high and low hydrocarbon concentrations. The presence of petroleum hydrocarbon changed the relationship between μmax, and MESD from an allometric function to a U-shaped curve. When the MESD was below 5.07 μm,μmax decreased along with increased MESD, whereas when MESD was above 5.07 μm, μmax increased along with MESD, which deviated from the allometric model.

Zooplankton in the Huangyan Atoll,South China Sea:A comparison of community structure between the lagoon and seaward reef slope

Relatively few studies have investigated the community structure of zooplankton in the atolls of the central South China Sea. Zooplankton were sampled at nine stations within the lagoon and four facing the seaward reef-slope in the Huangyan Atoll during May 2015. Lagoonal samples contained 48 zooplankton taxa( H' =2.25±0.95; J =0.70±0.23) with planktonic larvae, copepods, and euphausids contributing 95.63% of total abundance. Seaward oceanic samples contained 114 zooplankton(H ' =5.27±0.27; J =0.90±0.03) with copepods, siphonophores, chaetognaths, appendicularians, and planktonic larvae accounting for 93.66% of abundance. Lagoonal zooplankton abundance was lower than that on the seaward reef-slope. Zooplankton community dif fered significantly between the lagoon and reef-slope groups(R =0.708, P =0.001). The former was dominated by Macruran larvae, Brachyuran larvae, S tylocheiron carinatum, and Acartia spp., while the latter was predominately represented by O ikopleura longicauda, Chelophyes contorta and C opilia mirabilis. Chlorophyll a concentration was significantly higher in the lagoon than the reef slope regions( P <0.01), which may be due to the nutrient input from fishing vessels near the lagoon mouth. Zooplankton abundance was negatively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration(P <0.01). A clear dif ference was observed statistically in the species composition and abundance of zooplankton between the lagoon and the seaward slope at Huangyan Atoll, which suggests that it may be resulted from the influence by natural and anthropogenic interactions.

Effect of Anthracene on the Interaction Between Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis and Heterosigma akashiwo in Laboratory Cultures

Two species of marine phytoplankton, Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis and Heterosigma akashiwo, were cul- tivated in bi-algal cultures to investigate the effect of anthracene （ANT） on the interaction between them. Without ANT, H. akashiwo out-competed P. helgolandica at low initial biomass ratios （P. helgolandica （P）： H. akashiwo （H） = 1：4 and 1 ： 1）, but not at the highest （P：H=4：I）. This observation was consistent with the description in Lotka-Volterra two species competition model. It was found that P. helgolandica was excluded at low initial biomass ratios, while the unstable equilibrium between two species was predicted at the highest. For both species, carrying capacity and maximal specific growth rate decreased in bi-algal cultures compared to those in monocultures. H. akashiwo exhibited a higher sensitivity to ANT than P helgolandica. This resulted markedly in a reduced cell den- sity of H. akashiwo but an increased cell density ofP. helgolandica. Carrying capacity ofP. helgolandica was consistently higher in bi-algal cultures with ANT than those without ANT, suggesting that ANT, through the elimination of H. akashiwo, generated the dominance of P helgolandica independently of initial biomass ratios. This study showed a density-dependent effect of harmful alga （H. akashiwo） on dietary alga （P helgolandica）, and indicated that ocean pollutant ANT could induce the succession of marine phytoplankton.