在海湾内受控的人造上升水流促进无毒海藻的生长

在夏季，一些海湾水体表层的初级生产耗尽了营养物，达到了某些种类的有毒海藻占据优势地位的程度。我们的现场试验是，采用一气泡幕帘和一水下淡水出水口将大量富营养海水提升到海水上层的有光区，为无毒海藻的生长提供适宜的环境。试验的动机是提供一个能促进无毒浮游植物生长的局部区域，从而为贻贝创造一个清除有毒海藻影响的可能性。在所进行的两个试验中（气泡幕帘和淡水排放），向有光区增加营养物的输送可增加浮游植物的生长，这相对降低了有毒海藻的生长。

^(137)Cs在大鹏澳中迁移分布的数值模拟与预测

137Cs作为广东核电站放射性排出核素之一,具有高残留,高积累的特点.悬浮物对放射性核素的吸附沉降是影响海湾水体中核素迁移的重要机制之一.为正确评价核电站放射性排出物对大亚湾海湾水域的影响,建立了考虑悬浮物吸附沉降影响的深度平均二维对流扩散模型,模拟了放射性核素137Cs在大鹏澳内的迁移分布状况,并对未来湾内水质进行预测.模拟预测表明若维持当前排放量,未来50年内海湾中137Cs活度并没有呈持续上升趋势,局部虽略有累积,但活度值仍很小,最大仅约4Bq/m3,说明悬浮物吸附137Cs沉降对海湾的自净作用不容忽视.

Eco-Environment Status of the Bohai Bay and the Impact of Coastal Exploitation

With the rapid economic development in the surrounding coastal zone, more and more wastewater has been discharged into the Bohai Bay. And with the scale of coastal exploitation being expanded year by year, the eco-environment of the Bohai Bay has been confronted with great pressure. In this paper, the main problems in the eco-environment of the Bohai Bay were summarized firstly. Red tides occurred more frequently and more seriously; salinity rose in inshore area, the fishery resources degenerated; all the above indicate that the eco-environment of the Bohai Bay is under a severe situation Next, to make a concrete study of the existing status of the Bohai Bay, the eco-environment index system was set up. Then the principal components analytic method and grey relation method were adopted to carry on a comprehensive analysis on the status. The results show that serious pollution of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate, and poor species diversity are the main presentations of the bad quality of the inshore aquatic eco-environment of the Bohai Bay, which is mainly induced by the massive discharge of pollutant from land and the overexploitation in the surrounding coastal zone. At last, the variations of hydrodynamic characteristics and the pollutant transport caused by coastal exploitations such as reclamation and seawater desalination are analyzed. The results show that reclamation in coastal water not only decreases the tidal prism and weakens the tidal current action, but also influences the pollution distribution in the coastal water. The seawater desalination project would cause tremendous influence to the aquatic eco-environment of the Bohai Bay as the pollutant＇s pulse impact. Much more attention would be paid to the reasonable use of the coastal zone resources and the control of pollution from land-based sources.

Application of an integrated methodology for eutrophication assessment:a case study in the Bohai Sea

An integrated methodology for eutrophication assessment,which integrates both water quality indicators(causative factors) and ecological response indicators(effect factors),is described.It is then applied to rank the eutrophication status of the years 2007 and 2008 in the southwest Bohai Sea.The assessment model identified that north Bohai Bay and west Laizhou Bay were the two areas with the most serious eutrophication problems in the southwest Bohai Sea.In addition,compared to that in the west Laizhou Bay,the eutrophication conditions in the north Bohai Bay was more serious in both years.Eutrophication problems such as harmful algal blooms(HABs) and low dissolved oxygen(DO) events in north Bohai Bay were frequent.The integrated method outmatched the currently used Chinese nutrient index method by definitely identifying areas with the most serious eutrophication problems,while the nutrient index method gave ambiguous results between the two years.Inclusion of both causative factors and effect factors,combining concentration,spatial coverage and frequency of indicators,as well as use of multi-season monitoring datasets in the methodology result in a more accurate,representative and useful assessment.

海湾内传输过程时间尺度的计算方法

为了探明海湾中水体交换、污染物扩散等过程中的物质传输特征,提出相应传输时间尺度的计算方法并进行数值模拟分析。基于水动力模型COHERENS,分别采用基于粒子跟踪法的Lagrange方法和基于对流-扩散方程的Eul-er方法对东京湾的滞留时间和游弋时间进行计算。结果显示:传输时间尺度在东京湾中的分布特征,表明水体自外洋进入海湾后的传输过程及湾内外水体的交换速率都在空间上存在差异。本方法既可用于估计水体系统宏观的传输时间尺度,亦能得到其空间分布。