Five hundred samples ofDonax spp. were collected from five beaches （Khao Tao, Sea Pine Garden, Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod, and Sam Phraya） in Prachaupkhirikhan province, Thailand. Five morphological variable...Five hundred samples ofDonax spp. were collected from five beaches （Khao Tao, Sea Pine Garden, Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod, and Sam Phraya） in Prachaupkhirikhan province, Thailand. Five morphological variables of each individual were measured and analyzed to reveal morphological variation. The discriminant function analysis of morphology suggested a clear separation into two groups. The individuals from Khao Tao and Sea Pine Garden were grouped together while individuals from Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod and Sam Phraya were classified into the same group. The classification function of discriminant function analysis suggested that 70% of Khao Tao population, 70% of Sea Pine Garden population, 67% of Pran Buri Forest Park population, 64% of Sam Roi Yod population and 34% of Sam Phraya population of Donax spp. could be correctly reassigned by morphology. The misclassification individuals of Sam Phraya population were assigned to Pran Buri Forest Park and Sam Roi Yod population with the correct assignment 38% and 27%, respectively. The results obtained in this study based on morphological variation indicated that Khao Tao and Sea Pine Garden populations ofDonax spp. should be treated as separated units from the other three populations for conservation management. However, the result should be confirmed again as genetic level.展开更多
Historical fecal indicator bacteria measurements （n = 125,000; 10 years） in Orange County coastal zone, an interface with urban watershed that is one of the most developed areas in the United States and source of hi...Historical fecal indicator bacteria measurements （n = 125,000; 10 years） in Orange County coastal zone, an interface with urban watershed that is one of the most developed areas in the United States and source of highly polluted runoff discharges, have been compiled and analyzed. During the period from 2000 to 2010, fecal indicator bacteria concentrations in Orange County Beaches progressively increased （poor water quality） in the first half of the decade and progressively decreased （improved water quality） during the last half of the decade. Among all physical, chemical and environmental factors, 59%-74% of the variability in the fecal indicator bacteria concentrations in the coastal zone records can be attributed to seasonal and interannual variability in local rainfall, implying that stormwater runoff from the surrounding urban watershed is a primary source of fecal pollution in Orange County Beaches. These results suggest that efforts to improve water quality in Orange County Beaches and protect beach-goers from pollution will likely have greater efficacy during wet weather periods than the rest of the year. In addition, this study identified the effect of alongshore surf zone current on fecal pollution caused by coastal waves. The data and analysis presented in this paper provide a framework for evaluating the longer period water quality trend in the coastal area, and elucidate Best-Management-Practices that can improve public health protection by managing coastal water quality compliance with standards.展开更多
文摘Five hundred samples ofDonax spp. were collected from five beaches （Khao Tao, Sea Pine Garden, Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod, and Sam Phraya） in Prachaupkhirikhan province, Thailand. Five morphological variables of each individual were measured and analyzed to reveal morphological variation. The discriminant function analysis of morphology suggested a clear separation into two groups. The individuals from Khao Tao and Sea Pine Garden were grouped together while individuals from Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod and Sam Phraya were classified into the same group. The classification function of discriminant function analysis suggested that 70% of Khao Tao population, 70% of Sea Pine Garden population, 67% of Pran Buri Forest Park population, 64% of Sam Roi Yod population and 34% of Sam Phraya population of Donax spp. could be correctly reassigned by morphology. The misclassification individuals of Sam Phraya population were assigned to Pran Buri Forest Park and Sam Roi Yod population with the correct assignment 38% and 27%, respectively. The results obtained in this study based on morphological variation indicated that Khao Tao and Sea Pine Garden populations ofDonax spp. should be treated as separated units from the other three populations for conservation management. However, the result should be confirmed again as genetic level.
文摘Historical fecal indicator bacteria measurements （n = 125,000; 10 years） in Orange County coastal zone, an interface with urban watershed that is one of the most developed areas in the United States and source of highly polluted runoff discharges, have been compiled and analyzed. During the period from 2000 to 2010, fecal indicator bacteria concentrations in Orange County Beaches progressively increased （poor water quality） in the first half of the decade and progressively decreased （improved water quality） during the last half of the decade. Among all physical, chemical and environmental factors, 59%-74% of the variability in the fecal indicator bacteria concentrations in the coastal zone records can be attributed to seasonal and interannual variability in local rainfall, implying that stormwater runoff from the surrounding urban watershed is a primary source of fecal pollution in Orange County Beaches. These results suggest that efforts to improve water quality in Orange County Beaches and protect beach-goers from pollution will likely have greater efficacy during wet weather periods than the rest of the year. In addition, this study identified the effect of alongshore surf zone current on fecal pollution caused by coastal waves. The data and analysis presented in this paper provide a framework for evaluating the longer period water quality trend in the coastal area, and elucidate Best-Management-Practices that can improve public health protection by managing coastal water quality compliance with standards.
