A vertical tubular desalination unit with shell and tube structure was built to perform humidification and dehumidification simultaneously on the tube and shell side of the column, respectively. The effects of several...A vertical tubular desalination unit with shell and tube structure was built to perform humidification and dehumidification simultaneously on the tube and shell side of the column, respectively. The effects of several operating conditions on the productivity and thermal efficiency of the column were investigated. The results show that both the productivity and thermal efficiency of the column enhance with the elevation of the inlet water temperature. The flow rates of water and carrier gas both have optimal operating ranges, which are 10-30 kg·h^-1 and 4-7kg·h^-1 for the present column, respectively. Meanwhile, the increase of external steam flow rate will promote the productivity of the column but reduce its thermal efficiency.展开更多
Evaluating the pre-Jurassic marine source rocks in China has been difficult because these rocks are generally too highor over-maturated for most traditional methods to work.As to the remaining parameter TOC (%),its lo...Evaluating the pre-Jurassic marine source rocks in China has been difficult because these rocks are generally too highor over-maturated for most traditional methods to work.As to the remaining parameter TOC (%),its lower limit for recognizing the carbonate source rocks in China has been in dispute.Nineteen Phanerozoic sections in the Middle-Upper Yangtze Platform and the Guizhou-Hunan-Guangxi Basin have been studied in search for a different approach to complementing the traditional evaluation method for these source rocks.We have applied a geobiological approach to tracing the organic carbon (OC) output and accumulation from the living stage (primary productivity) to the post-mortem deposited remains,and finally to the preserved burial organics.Four biological and geological parameters are employed to represent the OC of the three stages.A series of proxies of these parameters are discussed and integrated to establish a geobiological evaluation system independent of TOC and other traditional methods.Here we use the Guangyuan section in Sichuan as an example for the geobiological evaluation.Our results indicate that in the argillaceous rocks,the geobiological parameters show the qualified source rocks in accordance with high TOC values;but in the carbonates,the good source rocks delineated by the geobiological parameters have a wide range of TOC,from 0.03% to 1.59%,mostly<0.3%.We suggest that it is still premature to set TOC=0.3% or 0.5% as the lower limit for the pre-Jurassic carbonate source rocks in South China.展开更多
Boron concentrations and isotope compositions have been measured for 93 water samples from the hot springs and drill-holes in the geothermal system in the Yunnan-Tibet Geothermal Belt(YTGB),China.Boron concentrations ...Boron concentrations and isotope compositions have been measured for 93 water samples from the hot springs and drill-holes in the geothermal system in the Yunnan-Tibet Geothermal Belt(YTGB),China.Boron concentrations range from 0.036–472.4ppm,and theδ11B values range from -16.0‰to 13.1‰,indicating the non-marine origin for each geothermal system.We observed a clear binary mixing relationship between the B concentrations and B isotope compositions in Tibet geothermal area.This relationship can be well explained by two sources,i.e.,marine carbonate rocks and magmatic rocks,for the Tibet geothermal water.No evidence supports a mantle contribution to B.In addition,we found that the precipitation only plays a dilution role for B of geothermal waters.δ11B values for the precipitation across the southern Tibetan Plateau area range from -6.0‰ to -6.8‰at least.Due to data scarcity in Yunnan geothermal area,we observed possible different boron sources from the Tibet geothermal system.Comparing it with other geothermal systems in the world,we found that the samples from YTGB have the lowestδ11B values and the largest range of B concentration,which might be related to their special geological background.On the whole,the world geothermalδ11B-Cl/B relation suggests a mixing process between marine and non-marine sources.Additionally,we suggest that B source of B-enriched geothermal waters is mainly from B-enriched crustal country-rocks,instead of mantle.展开更多
The Tahe-Lunnan hydrocarbon province is China's largest region with oil-and-gas-producing marine carbonate rocks. However, in terms of multi-source hydrocarbon generation, multi-episode reservoir adjustment and re...The Tahe-Lunnan hydrocarbon province is China's largest region with oil-and-gas-producing marine carbonate rocks. However, in terms of multi-source hydrocarbon generation, multi-episode reservoir adjustment and reconstruction, it remains unsettled how to determine the geological period of primary hydrocarbon filling of the Ordovician reservoir in this region. Based on the analysis of distribution and properties of reservoir, hydrocarbon filling of the Cambrian source rocks in the Late Caledon stage has largely been destroyed. However, hydrocarbon filling of the Middle Ordovician source rocks in the Early Carboniferous resulted in the major body of crude oil. During the charging process, the hydrocarbons were oxidatively degraded to heavy oil due to the poor closure conditions, which is corroborated by homogenization temperature of inclusions. Moreover, the capturing of hydrocarbon inclusions with high-temperature does not represent the filling of mature petroleum in the later period, but represents the result of the natural gas containing light fraction. Therefore, the Tahe-Lunnan area underwent two hydrocarbon filling processes, and the invasion of excessive dry gas led to a gas-washing fractionation upon the original Ordovician reservoirs.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China China Energy Conservation Investment Corporation as a key project (No. 20236030).
文摘A vertical tubular desalination unit with shell and tube structure was built to perform humidification and dehumidification simultaneously on the tube and shell side of the column, respectively. The effects of several operating conditions on the productivity and thermal efficiency of the column were investigated. The results show that both the productivity and thermal efficiency of the column enhance with the elevation of the inlet water temperature. The flow rates of water and carrier gas both have optimal operating ranges, which are 10-30 kg·h^-1 and 4-7kg·h^-1 for the present column, respectively. Meanwhile, the increase of external steam flow rate will promote the productivity of the column but reduce its thermal efficiency.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB808800)Key Project of China Petroleum&Chemical Corporation(Grant No.G0800-06-2S-319)+1 种基金NSFC Program for Innovative Research Team(Grant No.40621002)the"111"Project(Grant No.B08030)
文摘Evaluating the pre-Jurassic marine source rocks in China has been difficult because these rocks are generally too highor over-maturated for most traditional methods to work.As to the remaining parameter TOC (%),its lower limit for recognizing the carbonate source rocks in China has been in dispute.Nineteen Phanerozoic sections in the Middle-Upper Yangtze Platform and the Guizhou-Hunan-Guangxi Basin have been studied in search for a different approach to complementing the traditional evaluation method for these source rocks.We have applied a geobiological approach to tracing the organic carbon (OC) output and accumulation from the living stage (primary productivity) to the post-mortem deposited remains,and finally to the preserved burial organics.Four biological and geological parameters are employed to represent the OC of the three stages.A series of proxies of these parameters are discussed and integrated to establish a geobiological evaluation system independent of TOC and other traditional methods.Here we use the Guangyuan section in Sichuan as an example for the geobiological evaluation.Our results indicate that in the argillaceous rocks,the geobiological parameters show the qualified source rocks in accordance with high TOC values;but in the carbonates,the good source rocks delineated by the geobiological parameters have a wide range of TOC,from 0.03% to 1.59%,mostly<0.3%.We suggest that it is still premature to set TOC=0.3% or 0.5% as the lower limit for the pre-Jurassic carbonate source rocks in South China.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41203012,41030317)China Geological Survey(Grant No.1212011085524)
文摘Boron concentrations and isotope compositions have been measured for 93 water samples from the hot springs and drill-holes in the geothermal system in the Yunnan-Tibet Geothermal Belt(YTGB),China.Boron concentrations range from 0.036–472.4ppm,and theδ11B values range from -16.0‰to 13.1‰,indicating the non-marine origin for each geothermal system.We observed a clear binary mixing relationship between the B concentrations and B isotope compositions in Tibet geothermal area.This relationship can be well explained by two sources,i.e.,marine carbonate rocks and magmatic rocks,for the Tibet geothermal water.No evidence supports a mantle contribution to B.In addition,we found that the precipitation only plays a dilution role for B of geothermal waters.δ11B values for the precipitation across the southern Tibetan Plateau area range from -6.0‰ to -6.8‰at least.Due to data scarcity in Yunnan geothermal area,we observed possible different boron sources from the Tibet geothermal system.Comparing it with other geothermal systems in the world,we found that the samples from YTGB have the lowestδ11B values and the largest range of B concentration,which might be related to their special geological background.On the whole,the world geothermalδ11B-Cl/B relation suggests a mixing process between marine and non-marine sources.Additionally,we suggest that B source of B-enriched geothermal waters is mainly from B-enriched crustal country-rocks,instead of mantle.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41202112)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2005CB422105, 2012CB214804)Open Research Foundation of Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources (CUG) (Grant No. TPR-2011-36)
文摘The Tahe-Lunnan hydrocarbon province is China's largest region with oil-and-gas-producing marine carbonate rocks. However, in terms of multi-source hydrocarbon generation, multi-episode reservoir adjustment and reconstruction, it remains unsettled how to determine the geological period of primary hydrocarbon filling of the Ordovician reservoir in this region. Based on the analysis of distribution and properties of reservoir, hydrocarbon filling of the Cambrian source rocks in the Late Caledon stage has largely been destroyed. However, hydrocarbon filling of the Middle Ordovician source rocks in the Early Carboniferous resulted in the major body of crude oil. During the charging process, the hydrocarbons were oxidatively degraded to heavy oil due to the poor closure conditions, which is corroborated by homogenization temperature of inclusions. Moreover, the capturing of hydrocarbon inclusions with high-temperature does not represent the filling of mature petroleum in the later period, but represents the result of the natural gas containing light fraction. Therefore, the Tahe-Lunnan area underwent two hydrocarbon filling processes, and the invasion of excessive dry gas led to a gas-washing fractionation upon the original Ordovician reservoirs.
