超声波辅助提取海膜多糖的工艺优化

针对海膜藻中可溶性粗多糖的提取工艺进行了初步研究。采用单因素试验和L9(33)正交试验研究了提取时间、提取温度、超声功率、超声时间和料液质量浓度对多糖提取的影响。研究结果表明:最佳水浴提取时间为4 h、提取温度为90℃;料液质量浓度对多糖提取有显著影响,即料液质量浓度是影响多糖提取率的主要因素,其次是超声时间,再次是超声功率;最佳工艺为料液质量浓度0.020 g/mL、超声时间60min、超声功率400 W;多糖提取率为36.91%,总糖含量为63.85%。

营养盐因子对海膜N、P吸收的影响

分别设置了6个N、P浓度梯度,研究海膜对单因子营养盐的吸收作用;采用均匀设计方法,研究N、P营养盐浓度及其交互作用对海膜N、P吸收的影响。试验结果表明:在适宜的范围内,海膜对N、P营养盐的吸收均随着营养盐浓度的升高而增加;NO×NH交互作用影响海膜对TN、NO3-N、NH4-N的吸收;NO×P交互作用影响海膜对NO3-N的吸收;NH×P影响海膜对NH4-N和PO4-P的吸收。

水温及其波动对海膜生长和生理生化的影响

研究了在不同水温（17、21、25、29、33℃）及不同变温幅度[（25±0）、（25±2）、（25±3）、（25±4）、（25±5）℃]下海膜的生长及光合色素、POD、SOD、MDA随时间的动态变化。研究结果表明：（1）海膜在17~29℃范围内都能生长,在25℃以及±2℃变温下有最大的日相对生长率。当温度高于29℃时,藻体变软颜色变淡,高于33℃藻体局部变白溃烂。（2）海膜在低于25℃条件下生长,其POD、SOD和MDA值变化不明显;而29℃时,海膜的POD、SOD和MDA值随时间升高很快,33℃时海膜的POD、SOD和MDA值先升高,从第5天开始下降,可能是由于藻体受到胁迫较严重,发白溃烂,细胞受损。（3）与25℃恒温相比,±4和±5℃变温幅度下海膜的POD、SOD和MDA值整体呈上升趋势,且±5℃﹥±4℃,±2、±3℃变温幅度下海膜的POD、SOD和MDA值变化幅度不大,（25±2）℃﹥（25±3）℃﹥25℃,说明海膜对小范围的温度波动有一定适应性,变温幅度越大,对海膜的胁迫越大。

探讨海澳可吸收生物膜预防腮腺肿瘤术后味觉出汗综合征的临床应用

目的探讨在切除腮腺肿瘤后植入海澳可吸收生物膜对术后味觉出汗综合征的预防效果。方法选取在我院接受治疗的180例腮腺肿瘤患者,随机抽取90例作为对照组在手术后实行常规处理,不使用口腔修复膜,其余90例患者作为观察组在手术后植入海澳可吸收生物膜。在实施手术后,分别采用主观和客观评测法来检测患者是否出现术后味觉出汗综合征。结果观察组主观评测结果显示有效率96.67%,明显优于对照组57.78%;观察组客观评测结果显示有效率91.11%,明显优于对照组37.78%,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论在术后植入海澳可吸收生物膜对预防腮腺肿瘤术后出现味觉出汗综合征有明显的效果,是一种可靠有效的方法。

海南新纪录种东方蜈蚣藻(红藻门)的形态学观察和rbcL基因序列分析

通过形态结构观察、生殖器官的发育和rbcL序列分析相结合的方法,发现了分布于海南省陵水新村的东方蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia orientalis S.-M.Lin et H.-Y.Liang)为海南新纪录种,该物种具有以下特征:藻体质地凝胶状或软骨质;皮层外部由5～6层念珠状的细胞构成,内部由1～2层星形细胞构成;生殖枝丛由两个分枝组成;果孢子囊分布在除藻体基部外的皮层内。

帚状蜈蚣藻的修订研究——基于形态观察和rbcL序列分析

通过形态观察和分子分析相结合的方法,对青岛(模式标本产地)产的帚状蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia fastigiata Li et Ding)进行了重新鉴定,结果表明:1藻体为深紫红色,高9—26 cm,基部呈圆柱状,1—2回不规则羽状分枝,皮层厚度为85—160μm,由8—11层细胞构成;助细胞生殖枝丛为典型的Grateloupia型,果胞枝生殖枝丛主枝由6个细胞组成,辅助细胞生殖枝丛主枝由5个细胞组成(6cpb-5auxb型),与亚洲蜈蚣藻(G.asiatica Kawaguchi et Wang)一致。2基于rbc L基因序列构建的系统树显示:本研究的10个帚状蜈蚣藻样本与青岛产的亚洲蜈蚣藻之间无碱基差异,形成独立的进化支,与大连石槽、石庙子产的亚洲蜈蚣藻的碱基差异均为1 bp(0.08%),与日本、韩国产的亚洲蜈蚣藻的碱基差异分别为2 bp(0.16%)、3 bp(0.24%),均属于种内差异,与Grateloupia clade I中蜈蚣藻属内其他种的碱基差异为18(1.47%)—76 bp(6.19%),均属于种间差异。通过形态观察和rbc L基因序列分析,认为帚状蜈蚣藻与亚洲蜈蚣藻为同一种,将帚状蜈蚣藻作为亚洲蜈蚣藻的异名。

红藻门新种博鳌蜈蚣藻——基于形态观察和rbcL序列分析（英文）

通过形态学观察和rbcL序列分析报道产自海南省文昌的红藻门海膜科蜈蚣藻属一新种:博鳌蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia boaoensis Wang et Luan sp.Nov.)。博鳌蜈蚣藻的藻体紫红色,表面光滑,软骨质,高15—40 cm;主枝侧枝均扁形,叶片状;分枝顶端呈剑形,厚度为400—800μm,由4—9层皮层细胞和髓部组成,髓丝纵走,错综交织;助细胞生殖枝丛为典型的Grateloupia型;囊果在主枝与分枝上均有分布并分布密集。在用rbcL序列构建的系统树中,四个博鳌蜈蚣藻样品聚在一起并与莺歌海蜈蚣藻(G.yinggehaiensis)聚成一个小分支。通过形态观察和rbcL序列分析,认为博鳌蜈蚣藻和莺歌海蜈蚣藻的亲缘关系最近。

对枝蜈蚣藻的修订研究——基于形态特征和基因序列分析

通过形态观察结合rbc L和COⅠ基因序列分析的方法,对采自广东省汕头市、浙江省温州市和辽宁省大连市的对枝蜈蚣藻Grateloupia didymecladia Li et Ding的11个标本进行了重新鉴定。结果表明:(1)藻体单生或丛生,红褐色或深红色,质地黏滑、肉质、衰老时软骨质,成熟藻体直立,高15—50 cm,主枝明显,扁平,宽3—15 mm,厚约1 mm,末端渐尖,1—3回羽状分枝。小枝对生或互生,生长在主枝上或主枝边缘,基部缢缩,长短不一,最长可达15 cm;配子体为雌雄异体,果胞枝生殖枝丛和辅助细胞生殖枝丛均为Grateloupia型,果胞枝生殖枝丛主枝由5个细胞组成,辅助细胞生殖枝丛主枝由4个细胞组成(5cpb-4auxb型);四分孢子囊由四分孢子体的内皮层细胞产生,呈十字形分裂。以上特征均与亚栉状蜈蚣藻G.subpectinata Holmes一致。(2)基于rbc L基因序列构建的系统树显示,11个样本之间无碱基差异,形成独立的进化支,与产于韩国和日本的亚栉状蜈蚣藻G.subpectinata Holmes碱基差异分别为1 bp(0.08%)和2 bp(0.17%),属于种内差异;基于COⅠ基因序列构建的系统树显示,11个样本之间无碱基差异,形成独立的进化支,与韩国产的亚栉状蜈蚣藻碱基差异为1 bp(0.18%),属于种内差异。根据形态、结构及基因序列分析,确定对枝蜈蚣藻与亚栉状蜈蚣藻为同一种,根据优先法则,将对枝蜈蚣藻G.didymecladia Li et Ding作为亚栉状蜈蚣藻G.subpectinata Holmes的同物异名。亚栉状蜈蚣藻为中国新记录种。

Development and Extension of Seawater Desalination by Reverse Osmosis

Seawater desalination has been peoples fond dream since ancient times, the dream is now becoming a reality. This paper presents a brief development history of reverse osmosis. Much attention was paid to innovative development in membranes, modules, equipments and applied technology, including asymmetric and composite membranes, spiral-wound element and hollow fiber module, energy recovery equipments and different technological processes. The extension of reverse osmosis, such as desalination, pre-concentration, integrated processes and nanofiltration, is also briefly mentioned.

Response of Two Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)Cultivars Differing in Tolerance to Salt Treatment

To explore genetic variability for two Jerusalem artichoke cultivated with 75% seawater irrigation for six years） and N7 （Helianthus tuberosus） cultivars, N1 （the sixth-generation （a general variety）, a experiment was conducted to study the changes in physiological attributes under different concentrations （0%, 10% and 25% of seawater concentration in greenhouse and 0%, 30% and 50% of seawater concentration in the field） of seawater salinity stress. In the greenhouse experiment, decreases of dry growth rate, but increases of dry matter percentage and membrane injury occurred in both the genotypes at 10% and 25% seawater treatments, although lesser cell membrane damage was observed in N1 than N7. N1 accumulated greater contents of Na^＋, Cl^-, soluble sugar and proline in leaves compared with NT. In the field experiment, the yields of shoot, root and tuber, and the contents of total-sugar and inulin in tubers of N1 were higher than those of N7. Lesser degree of salt injury in N1 indicated that the relatively salt-tolerant cultivar had higher K^＋/Na^＋ ratio, lower Na^＋/Ca^2＋ ratio, and the salt-induced enhancement of osmotic adjustment.

More severe toxicity of gold nanoparticles with rougher surface in mouse hippocampal neurons

Gold nanoparticles(GNPs)have been extensively used in nanomedicine and neuroscience owing to their biological inertness,peculiar opto-electronic and physico-chemical features.However,the effect of GNPs shape on the neurophysiological properties of single neuron is still unclear.To tackle this issue,different shape GNPs(nanosphere,nanotriakisoctahedron and nanoflower)were synthesized to investigate the effect of GNPs on the voltage-dependent sodium channel and the action potential(AP)of hippocampal CA1 neurons in mice.The results indicated that GNPs inhibited the amplitudes of voltage-gated sodium current(I_(Na))and led to a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage-dependence curve of both activation and inactivation of I_(Na).GNPs also increased neuronal excitability and altered some properties of AP.Moreover,most alterations in AP properties were observed in nanoflower GNPs treated CA1 neurons,suggesting that the neurotoxicity of gold nanoparticles is surface roughness-dependent.These results may provide a valuable direction in the clinical application of GNPs.

In situ Colonization of Marine Biofilms on UNS S32760 Duplex Stainless Steel Coupons in Areas with Different Water Qualities： Implications for Corrosion Potential Behavior

In the presence of biofilms, stainless steels （SS） exhibits an increase in corrosion potential, called ennoblement. In the present study, the corrosion potential （Eco,） behavior of the duplex SS UNS S32760 was recorded simultaneously with the in situ marine biofilm formation in two areas at Arraial do Cabo, Southeastern Brazil. The biofilm at Forno Harbor （an anthropogenically disturbed area） was characterized by higher relative abundances of Bacteria at day 2, followed by diatoms （especially Navicula sp.） on day 10 and dinoflagellates on day 18, whereas no clear trend was recorded at Cabo Frio Island （an undisturbed area）. The ennoblement of Ecor values was site-dependent. In a complementary laboratory assay, biofilms were removed and the Eco values registered in sterile conditions for the subsequent 10 days and corroborated in situ results. Understanding biofilms and SS interactions has important implications for materials science and engineering decisions as well as helping to fill in imnortant gaps in this knowledge.

Antifouling Potential of Bacteria Isolated from a Marine Biofilm

Marine microorganisms are a new source of natural antifouling compounds. In this study, two bacterial strains, Kytococcus sedentarius QDG-B506 and Bacillus cereus QDG-B509, were isolated from a marine biofilm and identified. The bacteria fermentation broth could exert inhibitory effects on the growth of Skeletonema costatum and barnacle larvae. A procedure was employed to extract and identify the antifouling compounds. Firstly, a toxicity test was conducted by graduated pH and liquid-liquid extraction to determine the optimal extraction conditions. The best extraction conditions were found to be pH 2 and 100% petroleum ether. The EC50 value of the crude extract of K. sedentarius against the test microalgae was 236.7 ± 14.08 μg mL-1, and that of B. cereus was 290.6 ± 27.11 μg mL-1. Secondly, HLB SPE columns were used to purify the two crude extracts. After purification, the antifouling activities of the two extracts significantly increased: the EC50 of the K. sedentarius extract against the test microalgae was 86.4 ± 3.71 μg mL-1, and that of B. cereus was 92.6 ± 1.47 μg mL-1. These results suggest that the metabolites produced by the two bacterial strains are with high antifouling activities and they should be fatty acid compounds. Lastly, GC-MS was used for the structural elucidation of the compounds. The results show that the antifouling compounds produced by the two bacterial strains are myristic, palmitic and octadecanoic acids.

Optimized water vapor permeability of sodium alginate films using response surface methodology

The water vapor permeability （WVP） of films is important when developing pharmaceutical applications. Films are frequently used as coatings, and as such directly influence the quality of the medicine. The optimization of processing conditions for sodium alginate films was investigated using response surface methodology. Single-factor tests and Box-Behnken experimental design were employed. WVP was selected as the response variable, and the operating parameters for the single-factor tests were sodium alginate concentration, carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） concentration and CaClz solution immersion time. The coefficient of determination （R2） was 0.97, indicating statistical significance. A minimal WVP of 0.389 8 g-mm/（m^2.h.kPa） was achieved under the optimum conditions. These were found to be a sodium alginate concentration, CMC concentration and CaCl2 solution immersion time at 8.04%, 0.13%, and 12 min, respectively. This provides a reference for potential applications in manufacturing film-coated hard capsule shells.

Cavernous mesenteric lymphangiomatosis mimicking metastasis in a patient with rectal cancer:A case report

Lymphangioma usually occurs in children and usually involves the skin. Mesenteric lymphangioma is extremely rare in adults. Typically, lymphangioma appears on computed tomography (CT) as a lower attenuation of a cystic mass, however, some cases appear to be a solid mass. We describe the CT and 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/CT appearance in a case of jejunal and mesenteric cavernous lymphangi-omatosis mimicking metastasis in an adult patient with rectal cancer.

Succession and seasonal variation in epilithic biofilms on artificial reefs in culture waters of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Periphytic biofilms in aquaculture waters are thought to improve water quality, provide an additional food source, and improve the survival and growth of some reared animals. In the AsiaPacific region, particularly in China, artificial reefs are commonly used in the commercial farming of sea cucumbers. However, few studies have examined the epilithic biofilms on the artificial reefs. To gain a better understanding of the succession of epilithic biofilms and their ecological processes in sea cucumber culture waters, two experiments were conducted in culture waters of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in Rongcheng, China, using artificial test panels. On the test panels of succession experiment, more than 67 species were identified in the biofilms. On the test panels of seasonal variation experiment, more than 46 species were recorded in the biofilms. In both experiments, communities of epilithic biofilms were dominated by diatoms, green algae and the annelid Spirorbis sp. In the initial colonization, the dominant diatoms were Cocconeis sp., Amphora spp. and Nitzschia closterium in June, which were succeeded by species of Navicula, Cocconeis and Nitzschia(July to September), and then by Licmophora abbreviata, Nitzschia closterium and Synedra spp. in the following months. A diatom bloom in the autumn and filamentous green algae burst in the summer were also observed. Ecological indices well annotated the succession and seasonal changes in epilithic communities. Multidimensional scaling(MDS) analysis found significant differences in diatom community composition among months and seasons. Fast growth of biofilms was observed in the summer and autumn, whereas the biomass of summer biofilms was largely made up of filamentous green algae. Present results show that the components of epilithic biofilms are mostly optimal foods of A. japonicus, suggesting that biofilms on artificial reefs may contribute important nutritional sources for sea cucumbers during their growth seasons. Future works should include quantitative determination of the contribution of epilithic biofilms to the diet of A. japonicus, potential roles of epilithic biofilms in regulating the water quality of sea cucumber ponds, and the regulation of epilithic biofilms in sea cucumber culture ponds.

Transvenous embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region by multiple venous routes

Objective：To evaluate the safety and efficiency of transvenous embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region by multiple venous routes. Methods： Twenty seven patients with dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region were treated by transvenous embolization with micro-coils. The transvenous routes included inferior petrosal sinus, superior ophthalmic vein and facial vein. Results： Clinical cure was achieved in 23 cases and significant improvement of symptoms in 4 cases. Complete anglographic obliteration was documented in 22 patients （82%）. Residual shunting were left in 2 patients via pterygoid drainage and 1 case via inter-cavernous sinus, 2 cases via inferior petrosal sinus, disappeared one month later by manual compression carotid artery. Headache and vomiting were the most common symptoms after embolization. Three patients had diplopia and relieved within two months after embolization. There was no permanent procedure-related morbidity. The clinic follow up ranged from 5 months to 6 years, and there was not recurrence case. Conclusion： Transvenous embolization via different venous routes is a safe and efficient method for dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region treatment.

Effect of Cross-flow Velocity on the Critical Flux of Ceramic Membrane Filtration as a Pre-treatment for Seawater Desalination

Pre-treatment, which supplies a stable, high-quality feed for reverse osmosis （RO） membranes, is a criti- cal step for successful operation in a seawater reverse osmosis plant. In this study, ceramic membrane systems were employed as pre-treatment for seawater desalination. A laboratory experiment was performed to investigate the effect of the cross-flow velocity on the critical flux and consequently to optimize the permeate flux. Then a pilot test was performed to investigate the long-term performance. The result shows that there is no significant effect of the cross-flow velocity on the critical flux when the cross-flow velocity varies in laminar flow region only or in turbulent flow region only, but the effect is distinct when the cross-flow velocity varies in the transition region. The membrane fouling is slight at the permeate flux of 150 L·m^-2·h^-1 and the system is stable, producing a high-quality feed （the turbidity and silt density index are less than 0.1 NTU and 3.0, respectively） for RO to run for 2922.4 h without chemical cleaning. Thus the ceramic membranes are suitable to filtrate seawater as the pre-treatment for RO.

Morphological Studies on the Infraciliature of a Planktonic Ciliate,Tintinnopsis brasiliensis(Ciliophora:Tintinina)

A poorly-described marine planktonic ciliate, Tintinnopsis brasiliensis Kofoid ＆ Campbell, 1929, collected from the Taiping Cape of Qingdao, China, was morphologically investigated based on permanent preparation after protargol impregnation and was compared with other related congeners. According to the infraciliature, three ciliary groups can be recognized, which reveals a very stable structure among specimens and denotes that the pattern of infraciliature is, apart from the features of the lorica, a highly reliable criterion for species identification.

Fresh keeping techniques for purple cabbage

The cold storage period of purple cabbage packaged with the respirat ory cling film may last 150 days at 2℃by dipping the root with 200×iprodione. Normal temperature storage and quick-freezing storage(-18℃) are not suitable for purple cabbage.