在全球气候变暖的背景下,准确估计海-气界面CO_2通量显得非常重要。海-气界面CO_2通量通常利用块体公式,由气体交换速率与大气和海洋的CO_2分压差(ΔpCO_2)的乘积来计算。影响气体交换速率的因素很多,但一般经验性地与风速相联系,其测...在全球气候变暖的背景下,准确估计海-气界面CO_2通量显得非常重要。海-气界面CO_2通量通常利用块体公式,由气体交换速率与大气和海洋的CO_2分压差(ΔpCO_2)的乘积来计算。影响气体交换速率的因素很多,但一般经验性地与风速相联系,其测量方法通常有物质平衡法和涡相关法,后者给出的结果比前者大。基于前人的两类观测数据,提出了一个以风速为函数的气体交换速率新方案。在此基础上,基于最新的SOCATv2(Surface Ocean CO_2Atlas version 2)的ΔpCO_2数据集,计算了1982—2011年海洋对CO_2的净吸收量及其年变化,发现2001年海洋净吸收量存在一个最小值,2001年之后,海洋净吸收量迅速增加,而这一年变化特征主要由ΔpCO_2的年变化特征所决定,风速的影响可以忽略。展开更多
The latest version of sea spray flux parameterization scheme developed by Andreas is coupled with the PSU/NCAR model MM5 in this paper. A western Pacific tropical cyclone named Nabi in 2005 is simulated using this cou...The latest version of sea spray flux parameterization scheme developed by Andreas is coupled with the PSU/NCAR model MM5 in this paper. A western Pacific tropical cyclone named Nabi in 2005 is simulated using this coupled air-sea spray modeling system to study the impacts of sea spray evaporation on the evolution of tropical cyclones. The results demonstrate that sea spray can lead to a significant increase of heat fluxes in the air-sea interface, especially the latent heat flux, the maximum of which can increase by up to about 35% - 80% The latent heat flux seems to be more important than the sensible heat flux for the evolution of tropical cyclones. Regardless of whether sea spray fluxes have been considered, the model can always simulate the track of Nabi well, which seems to indicate that sea spray has little impact on the movement of tropical cyclones. However, with sea spray fluxes taken into account in the model, the intensity of a simulated tropical cyclone can have significant increase. Due to the enhancement of water vapor and heat from the sea surface to the air caused by sea spray, the warm core structure is better-defined, the minimum sea level pressure decreases and the vertical speed is stronger around the eye in the experiments, which is propitious to the development and evolution of tropical cyclones.展开更多
文摘在全球气候变暖的背景下,准确估计海-气界面CO_2通量显得非常重要。海-气界面CO_2通量通常利用块体公式,由气体交换速率与大气和海洋的CO_2分压差(ΔpCO_2)的乘积来计算。影响气体交换速率的因素很多,但一般经验性地与风速相联系,其测量方法通常有物质平衡法和涡相关法,后者给出的结果比前者大。基于前人的两类观测数据,提出了一个以风速为函数的气体交换速率新方案。在此基础上,基于最新的SOCATv2(Surface Ocean CO_2Atlas version 2)的ΔpCO_2数据集,计算了1982—2011年海洋对CO_2的净吸收量及其年变化,发现2001年海洋净吸收量存在一个最小值,2001年之后,海洋净吸收量迅速增加,而这一年变化特征主要由ΔpCO_2的年变化特征所决定,风速的影响可以忽略。
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (40830235, 40333025)State Key Development Program of Basic Research (973 Program) of China (2004CB418301)
文摘The latest version of sea spray flux parameterization scheme developed by Andreas is coupled with the PSU/NCAR model MM5 in this paper. A western Pacific tropical cyclone named Nabi in 2005 is simulated using this coupled air-sea spray modeling system to study the impacts of sea spray evaporation on the evolution of tropical cyclones. The results demonstrate that sea spray can lead to a significant increase of heat fluxes in the air-sea interface, especially the latent heat flux, the maximum of which can increase by up to about 35% - 80% The latent heat flux seems to be more important than the sensible heat flux for the evolution of tropical cyclones. Regardless of whether sea spray fluxes have been considered, the model can always simulate the track of Nabi well, which seems to indicate that sea spray has little impact on the movement of tropical cyclones. However, with sea spray fluxes taken into account in the model, the intensity of a simulated tropical cyclone can have significant increase. Due to the enhancement of water vapor and heat from the sea surface to the air caused by sea spray, the warm core structure is better-defined, the minimum sea level pressure decreases and the vertical speed is stronger around the eye in the experiments, which is propitious to the development and evolution of tropical cyclones.
