强化氰化在线浸出反应器在塞吉罗拉金矿的应用

强化氰化工艺是一种能够最大程度从重选金精矿中回收金的工艺,其主要设备为一套借鉴了化工设备设计原理的在线浸出反应器。强化氰化工艺在北美地区、西非地区、南非和澳大利亚等多家金矿矿山有着成功的应用。该文以塞吉罗拉金矿项目为例,着重介绍强化氰化工艺的化工原理,在线浸出反应器的设备优势,市场主流产品以及在线浸出反应器的实际应用效果,为类似金矿项目的新建或技术改造工作提供有益借鉴。

硫酸浓度对蛇纹石中氧化镁浸出反应速率的影响

研究了硫酸浓度对蛇纹石中 Mg O浸出反应速率的影响 ,并建立蛇纹石中 Mg O的浸出反应速率表达式 :(1 )当硫酸用量大量过量时 ,浸出反应速率方程式为 r Mg O=k1 · cm H· cn Mg O,其中反应级数 m、n分别为 m=0 .2 0～ 0 .2 4、n=2 ,反应的表观活化能在 85～ 95k J/ mol范围 ;(2 )工艺浸出条件下 ,其浸出反应速率方程式可表示为 dr Mg O/ dt=k2 · (7.1 4 4 -3 .4 0 r Mg O) 0 .2 2 6· (1 -r Mg O)

低品位钼精矿的浸出反应研究

采用次氯酸钠作浸取剂研究了最佳的浸取条件,并做了浸出反应热力学和动力学分析.实验结果表明,浸取低品位钼矿的最佳工艺参数:液固比L∶S为17∶1,浸取温度为30℃,浸取时间为1h,浸取率为83.40%.浸出反应的△G0值为负值,从热力学角度看,次氯酸钠体系理论上能够对低品位钼矿等进行氧化分解,动力学结果表明:浸出反应符合Arrhenius经验式,反应活化能Ea=13.8 kJ/mol,该浸取反应可以进行.该浸取反应可以进行.

红土镍矿中MgSiO_3在NaOH亚熔盐体系中的浸出反应机理

根据硅镁型红土镍矿中镁硅酸盐存在形式,采用化学沉淀法合成Mg Si O3,通过正交实验考察反应温度、反应时间、液固比和Na OH浓度对Mg Si O3在Na OH亚熔盐体系中的浸出过程的影响,得出优化实验条件为:反应温度为210℃,反应时间为180min,液固比为6:1,Na OH浓度为80%。在优化实验的基础上,采用Raman光谱对反应过程进行在线检测,利用XRD和IR光谱分析反应后的水浸渣结构变化,解析Mg Si O3在Na OH亚熔盐体系中的反应机理。结果表明:在反应过程中,Si O4中的Si—O被破坏,Na OH介入硅酸盐晶格中,其中间产物为Mg2Si O4和Na2Mg Si O4,Mg2+经过碱浸过程可以脱离Si O4阵列,以Mg(OH)2形式从其硅酸盐中得以释放。

低品位菱镁矿铵盐浸出试验研究

以辽宁海城某低品位菱镁矿为原料,在不同温度和时间条件下进行焙烧,获得高活性轻烧粉。对轻烧粉进行磨矿、筛分和不同种类铵盐浸出试验。结果表明:在浸出反应过程中,NH4+浓度是影响浸出效率的主导因素。NH4+浓度为7.0 mol/L,浸出反应温度75℃,浸出反应1.5 h时,浸出率最高达到83.1%。相同条件下(NH4)2SO4溶液的浸出效率高于NH4Cl。

镍浸出过程中关于杂质控制的技术探讨

结合实践,分析金属化高冰镍硫酸选择浸出过程中杂质的反应机理,确定生产控制方法。

堆浸矿堆溶液渗流规律初探

溶液渗流规律对堆浸技术的浸出率、浸出速率具有很重要的影响。堆浸矿堆可划分为矿石颗粒、空气、不可动溶液和可动溶液,矿石颗粒是组成矿堆的骨架,颗粒表面吸附作用和表面张力是促使溶液进入矿堆的重要因素,在非饱和渗流状态下,矿堆相对渗透率与饱和度有关。矿堆中颗粒尺寸小的区域渗透系数小,导致最大极限流速小,易达到局部区域饱和渗流,随着喷淋强度的增大,饱和区范围逐渐扩大,直至整个矿堆达到饱和渗流。采用假想渗流代替实际渗流,推导了溶液渗流的基本方程。

Function of microorganism and reaction pathway for carrollite dissolution during bioleaching

The function of microorganism and dissolution reaction pathway of carrollite in the bioleaching process were investigated. The results showed that both indirect and contact mechanisms influenced the leaching process. The dissolution of carrollite was significantly accelerated when bacteria were adsorbed on the mineral surface, indicating that the contact mechanism significantly affected the dissolution of carrollite. During bioleaching, the sequence of oxidation state of the sulfur moiety of carrollite was as follows： S？2→S0→S＋4→S＋6. Elemental sulfur precipitated on the mineral surface, indicating that the dissolution of carrollite occurred via the polysulfide pathway. The surface of carrollite was selectively corroded by bacteria, and oxidation pits with different sizes were observed at various sites. Elemental sulfur, sulfate and sulfite were present on the surface of carrollite during the leaching process, and may have formed a passivation layer on mineral surface.

Secondary reaction mechanism of leaching process of calcium aluminate slag

SiO2 in calcium aluminate slag exists in the form of γ-2CaO·SiO2 which is more stable than β-2CaO·SiO2. However, it is decomposed by sodium carbonate solution during leaching process, leading to the secondary reaction. The extent of secondary reaction and reaction mechanism of calcium aluminate slag were studied using XRD. The results show that the decomposition rate of γ-2CaO·SiO2 increases with the increase in leaching time and sodium carbonate concentration. The main products of secondary reaction are the mixture of hydrogarnet and sodium hydrate alumina-silicate. SiO2 concentration rises firstly and then drops with the increase of leaching temperature. XRD results indicate that the stable product of secondary reaction at low temperature is hydrogarnet. But hydrogarnet is transformed into sodium hydrate alumina-silicate at high temperature.

离心重选设备的评述

介绍了强化的重选设备 ,其中包括在线压力跳汰机、克尔瑟跳汰机、自动摇床、法尔肯选矿机和尼尔森选矿机。

人造金红石生产工艺的优化

某公司采用盐酸与改性钛精矿进行浸出反应得到人造金红石产品。通过增加循环槽及工艺配管,将原有的盐酸浸出系统改为两段浸出。改造后,不仅提高了产品的品位和盐酸的利用率,还降低了蒸汽的消耗。

氰化浸出工艺中浸出槽串浆管径的选择

氰化浸出提取金银是目前国内外处理金银矿物的常用方法。氰化法提金工艺成熟,技术经济指标较理想。浸出槽是氰化浸出工艺中浸出反应的主要设备,但对浸出槽串浆管径的研究却很少。笔者就串浆管径的选择进行分析,以供氰化厂设计浸出槽时作参考。1浸出槽串浆管径的计算1.1影响因素计算串浆管径时,需要考虑以下3个方面的因素:(1)总水头,促使流动发生的动力;(2)管道阻力损失,包括沿程阻力损失和局部阻力损失。

Zinc leaching from electric arc furnace dust in alkaline medium

Physical and chemical properties of electric arc furnace （EAF） dust from Tianjin seamless Pipe Company were measured and analyzed. The zinc leaching tests in alkaline medium were carried out under variation of leaching agent concentration, leaching temperature, leaching cumulative time and solid-to-liquid ratio. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the zinc leaching process were also analyzed. The results show that the EAF dust contains 10% （mass fraction） zinc and the median particle size is 0.69 μm. The zinc recovery of 73.4% is obtained tinder the condition of 90 ℃, 6 mol/L NaOH, and 60 min leaching time. With the increase of concentration of NaOH and the cumulative time, zinc leaching will be significantly increased. The kinetics study demonstrates that the leaching reaction is chemically controlled and the reaction activation energy is 15.73 kJ/mol.

Role of Fe/S ratios in the enhancement of uranium bioleaching from a complex uranium ore by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans consortium

The role of Fe/S ratios(ω, g/g) in the uranium bioleaching from a complex uranium ore by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans consortium was investigated. The results showed good uranium extraction with over 90% at the Fe/S ratio of 5:0.5, 5:1 and 5:5, while poor extraction(<46%) at the Fe/S ratio of 5:0 and 5:10.Furthermore, the bacterial community analysis based on species-specific gyrB numbers indicated that, absent sulfur or excessive sulfur would be not conducive to the synergistic growth for A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans, and then not conducive to the uranium dissolution. Meanwhile, the sulfur-oxidizers could play an important role in the process of uranium synergistic bioleaching by mixed bacterial consortia. Additionally, the characteristics of mineral residue was detected by SEM-EDS. The results showed appropriate sulfur dosage would change the structure and improve the porosity of passivation substance. Lastly, the uranium dissolution kinetics and biochemical reaction mechanism was analyzed. It indicated that the biochemical reaction coupling iron and sulfur had a pleiotropic effect on the uranium dissolution from the ore particles, appropriate Fe/S ratio is the key factor for uranium bioleaching by chemoautotrophic acidophiles.

Mathematical model for coupled reactive flow and solute transport during heap bioleaching of copper sulfide

Based on the momentum and mass conservation equations, a comprehensive model of heap bioleaching process is developed to investigate the interaction between chemical reactions, solution flow, gas flow, and solute transport within the leaching system. The governing equations are solved numerically using the COMSOL Multiphysics software for the coupled reactive flow and solute transport at micro-scale, meso-scale and macro-scale levels. At or near the surface of ore particle, the acid concentration is relatively higher than that in the central area, while the concentration gradient decreases after 72 d of leaching. The flow simulation between ore particles by combining X-ray CT technology shows that the highest velocity in narrow pore reaches 0.375 m/s. The air velocity within the dump shows that the velocity near the top and side surface is relatively high, which leads to the high oxygen concentration in that area. The coupled heat transfer and liquid flow process shows that the solution can act as an effective remover from the heap, dropping the highest temperature from 60 to 38 ℃. The reagent transfer coupled with solution flow is also analyzed. The results obtained allow us to obtain a better understanding of the fundamental physical phenomenon of the bioleaching process.

Kinetics and Modeling of Chemical Leaching of Sphalerite Concentrate Using Ferric Iron in a Redox-controlled Reactor

This work presents a study for chemical leaching of sphalerite concentrate under various constant Fe3+ concentrations and redox potential conditions. The effects of Fe3+ concentration and redox potential on chemical leaching of sphalerite were investigated. The shrinking core model was applied to analyze the experimental results. It was found that both the Fe3+ concentration and the redox potential controlled the chemical leaching rate of sphalerite. A new kinetic model was developed, in which the chemical leaching rate of sphalerite was proportional to Fe3+ concentration and Fe3+ /Fe2+ ratio. All the model parameters were evaluated from the experimental data. The model predictions fit well with the experimental observed values.

Technological conditions and kinetics of leaching copper from complex copper oxide ore

The kinetic behavior of leaching copper from low grade copper oxide ore was investigated. The effects of leaching temperature, H2SO4 concentration, particle size of crude ore and agitation rate on the leaching efficiency of copper were also evaluated. And the kinetic equations of the leaching process were obtained. The results show that the leaching process can be described with a reaction model of shrinking core. The reaction can be divided into three stages. The first stage is the dissolution of free copper oxide and copper oxide wrapped by hematite-limonite ore. At this stage, the leaching efficiency is very fast （leaching efficiency is larger than 60%）. The second stage is the leaching of diffiuent copper oxides, whose apparent activation energy is 43.26 kJ/mol. During this process, the chemical reaction is the control step, and the reaction order of H2SO4 is 0.433 84. The third stage is the leaching of copper oxide wrapped by hematite-limonite and silicate ore with apparent activation energy of 16.08 kJ/mol, which belongs to the mixed control.

Oxygen pressure acid leaching of artificial sphalerite catalyzed by Fe^3+/Fe^2+self-precipitation

The mechanism of oxygen pressure acid leaching of sphalerite catalyzed by Fe^3+/Fe^2+self-precipitation was investigated in this study.Artificial sphalerite was fabricated with varying amounts of iron content via the sintering of ZnS and FeS and used for the pressure acid leaching experiment.The variations in the potential of the pressure leaching system were investigated by using a self-designed potential autoclave.The results showed that compared to the non-iron sphalerite,there was a violent redox reaction between the 25.70%Fe-artificial sphalerite and dissolved oxygen during the process of pressure leaching;and the catalytic mechanism was attributed to the redox couple Fe^3+/Fe^2+,where Fe3+oxidizes the H2S gas film and the reduced Fe2+state is subsequently oxidized by the dissolved oxygen.Furthermore,the effect of temperature,H2SO4 concentration,and oxygen partial pressure on the artificial sphalerite with different iron contents was studied.The sphalerite samples with iron content were observed to dissolve more easily in sulfuric acid compared to the non-iron samples.Moreover,the activation energy of artificial sphalerite was observed to be lower in the sample with 25.70%iron content(22.26 kJ/mol)compared to that with no iron(32.31 kJ/mol);and the apparent reaction orders were obtained with respect to H2SO4 concentration(1.10 and 1.36)and oxygen partial pressure(1.29 and 1.41),respectively.A comprehensive kinetic model was developed on the basis of the experimental data and the fitted leaching ratio plot;and the kinetic equations for the leaching of sphalerite catalyzed by Fe^3+/Fe^2+self-precipitation were determined.