C语言多维数组与指针的探讨

在C语言的学习中,数组与指针的应用是重点和难点,尤其多维数组和指针应用已成为学习和掌握C语言的一大障碍。利用消维法和图示法,通过二维、三维数组与指针的关系,延伸到多维数组的探讨,让学习C语言的人轻松的理解和接受利用指针法对多维数组元素取值的方式。

乙醇对汽油火焰碳烟生成特性影响的试验研究

设计并制作了一套新型的能够产生稳定层流火焰的液体燃烧器。将体积分数为0%、20%、50%和85%的无水乙醇混入92#汽油配制出了不同掺混比的乙醇汽油混合燃料,应用光学诊断技术在常压下对各燃料稳定火焰中的碳烟浓度分布进行测量,研究了添加乙醇对汽油火焰中碳烟生成特性的影响。研究结果表明:在保证碳元素流量为6.05g/h的情况下,随着燃料内乙醇的增加,各燃料均能生成稳定火焰,火焰高度保持在(50±1)mm;火焰中各个高度上的碳烟浓度都出现不同程度的降低;碳烟生成总量呈现直线下降规律,E20、E50、E85火焰中的碳烟总量相对于E0火焰分别降低了16.20%、37.77%和61.66%。

柴油燃烧火焰中碳烟生成的特性试验

基于装配单孔喷嘴孔径为0.18,mm的定容燃烧弹系统,采用脉冲LED二维消光法,以国Ⅴ的0号柴油为研究对象,对其在给定工况下喷雾燃烧火焰中形成的碳烟进行了定量测试,同时采用增强器电荷耦合相机同步测量了火焰浮起长度.试验过程中,保持定容燃烧弹内气体密度恒为20,kg/m3,研究了不同喷油压力、氧体积分数和环境温度对碳烟分布、初始形成时刻的影响,结果表明:采用的二维消光法对国Ⅴ柴油有较好的适用性;国Ⅴ柴油喷雾燃烧中碳烟的KL值、生成的初始时刻随着喷油压力升高而降低,随着氧体积分数升高而升高,随着环境温度的升高而升高.

生物柴油对柴油火焰碳黑生成特性影响的试验研究

为寻找低排放的经济型船用柴油机燃料,在一套能够产生稳定层流火焰的燃烧系统上,采用二维消光法,对不同掺混比例的生物柴油-柴油混合燃料B0,B10,B20和B50火焰中的碳黑生成特性进行试验研究。试验利用反演法对测得的火焰透射率进行数据分析和处理,获取了不同混合燃料火焰中的定量碳黑浓度,意在研究生物柴油对普通柴油火焰碳黑生成特性的影响。试验结果表明,在相同的火焰高度下,随着混合燃料中不断增加生物柴油,各种混合燃料均能形成稳定燃烧火焰,且在不同高度上碳黑浓度出现不同程度的降低趋势,显示了生物柴油清洁环保的特性。

Construction of a 3D meso-structure and analysis of mechanical properties for deposit body medium

For deposit body medium, the internal structural properties may be the controlling factors for the strength of the material and the mechanical response. Based on the results of soil-rock meso-statistics using digital imaging, a simulated annealing algorithm is adopted to expand the meso-structural features of deposit bodies in 3D. The construction of the 3D meso-structure of a deposit body is achieved, and then the particle flow analysis program PFC3 D is used to simulate the mechanical properties of the deposit body. It is shown that with a combination of the simulated annealing algorithm and the statistical feature functions, the randomness and heterogeneity of the rock distribution in the 3D inner structure of deposit body medium can be realized, and the reconstructed structural features of the deposit medium can match the features of the digital images well. The spatial utilizations and the compacting effects of the body-centered cubic, hexagonal close and face-centered packing models are high, so these structures can be applied in the simulations of the deposit structures. However, the shear features of the deposit medium vary depending on the different model constructive modes. Rocks, which are the backbone of the deposit, are the factors that determine the shear strength and deformation modulus of the deposit body. The modeling method proposed is useful for the construction of 3D meso-scope models from 2D meso-scope statistics and can be used for studying the mechanical properties of mixed media, such as deposit bodies.

Consumer Citizenship Education for Sustainable Development in Higher Education in Latvia

Higher education and science determine the intellectual potential of a society, train new specialists, and consolidate and change citizenship values. Consumer citizenship education for sustainable development is an important function of higher education with a significant moral, social, political, economic, ecological and legal capacity. Consumer citizenship education plays an important role in ensuring the stability and sustainable development of any society. These approaches make it possible to develop the multi-scale thinking of future specialists and enhance their ability to analyse critically the main dilemmas created by the processes of social, legal, environmental, and economic development. The article is devoted to the experience of the Latvian system of higher education in consumer citizenship education within the context of sustainable development. It focuses more specifically on cooperation as a form of voluntary interaction between the partners involved in ensuring sustainable development. The aim of the research is to analyse the experience of consumer citizenship education in Latvian higher education within the context of sustainable development emphasizing the role of various forms of studies. Mostly theoretical research methods have been used in the present study. The starting point of for this research is a theoretical framework. There are both legal underpinnings and practical implementation aspects in this task. The features outlined above are emphasized in the normative acts referring to the Latvian higher education, the documents of the institutions of higher education, and particularly in the study programmes. The results of the research show that consumer citizenship education can be acquired as an interdisciplinary system. The goals and objectives of consumer citizenship education involve training young specialists possessing broad professional knowledge, developed critical thinking, the ability to organize and manage work in a modem way, understanding of the ethical, civic and patriotic values, as well as the ability and skills to engage in various social activities. Consumer citizenship education needs transdisciplinary knowledge if it is to solve the problems of humanity, the problems aggravated by unsustainable, unethical, even immoral consumption. The link between consumer citizenship education and sustainable development is ensured by shared common values, which reveal the sense and importance of both consumer citizenship and ethical sustainability.