Nowadays, the body seems to be the perfect object of consumption. People use it to define themselves but also as a vehicle that can send signs to others in the hope that their body will be a factor of social integrati...Nowadays, the body seems to be the perfect object of consumption. People use it to define themselves but also as a vehicle that can send signs to others in the hope that their body will be a factor of social integration and social recognition. Hence we can observe the development of practices of body transformations which go along with the philosophy of the society in which everything seems possible for everybody, with no limit whatsoever. Indeed, if you want your body to be seen, you have to ＂produce＂ it before. The practice of bodybuilding sustains efforts in that direction： historically born and developed along with the consumption society, it came to embody its values. The analysis is based on qualitative methodology that is observations in three bodybuilding Gyms and 30 interviews with bodybuilders in France. The results show that bodybuilding reflects the consumption society＇s norms, that is a practice in which the body is in tension between imitation and distinction, hence showing the will to be ＂like others but in better＂ thanks to the production of a nice and ＂massive＂ body. Such a dimension could sometimes be dialectical, when the body becomes a source of alienation.展开更多
The internal consumption and production structure of the service industry that now dominates the Chinese economy needs to be optimized.Introducing supply-side structural reform to improve the in-depth integration of a...The internal consumption and production structure of the service industry that now dominates the Chinese economy needs to be optimized.Introducing supply-side structural reform to improve the in-depth integration of advanced manufacturing and the modern service industry and promoting a strong domestic market is the key to escaping the middle income trap.We use 1950-2010 data from 45 non-oil-exporting economies representing the structural evolution of the service industry worldwide to compare Asian economies that have passed through the middle income trap with Latin American counterparts that remain stuck in the trap,and thence proceed to construct a matched model that covers the consumption and production service industries and their supply of human capital,with the aim of identifying the formative mechanisms and conditions for escaping the middle income trap through upgrading the structure of the service industry.Substantially developing the production service sector,raising the supply of public services so as to cultivate the quantity and quality of human capital,and matching senior-level human capital with knowledge-intensive serviceindustries will propel the upgrading and transformation of China’s economic structure toward high-quality development.展开更多
Neither of the“Three Industry”Theory nor the“General Agreement of Trading Service”(GATS)of the World Trade Organization(WTO)can be the essential criteria to analyze the property of education.The property of educat...Neither of the“Three Industry”Theory nor the“General Agreement of Trading Service”(GATS)of the World Trade Organization(WTO)can be the essential criteria to analyze the property of education.The property of education can be defined from consumers’perspective.The direct consumers of education are students;but the ultimate consumers of education include parents,employers,society and governments as well.From the perspective of consumers,education is both a service and a productive institution.展开更多
文摘Nowadays, the body seems to be the perfect object of consumption. People use it to define themselves but also as a vehicle that can send signs to others in the hope that their body will be a factor of social integration and social recognition. Hence we can observe the development of practices of body transformations which go along with the philosophy of the society in which everything seems possible for everybody, with no limit whatsoever. Indeed, if you want your body to be seen, you have to ＂produce＂ it before. The practice of bodybuilding sustains efforts in that direction： historically born and developed along with the consumption society, it came to embody its values. The analysis is based on qualitative methodology that is observations in three bodybuilding Gyms and 30 interviews with bodybuilders in France. The results show that bodybuilding reflects the consumption society＇s norms, that is a practice in which the body is in tension between imitation and distinction, hence showing the will to be ＂like others but in better＂ thanks to the production of a nice and ＂massive＂ body. Such a dimension could sometimes be dialectical, when the body becomes a source of alienation.
基金the Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China,“Study on the Implementation of the New Concept of Development and the Modernization of National Governance”(Grant No.:17VZL002)the Youth Project“Quantitative Identification,Early Risk Warning and Countermeasures against the Middle Income Trap under the New Normal”(Grant No.:16CJL015)
文摘The internal consumption and production structure of the service industry that now dominates the Chinese economy needs to be optimized.Introducing supply-side structural reform to improve the in-depth integration of advanced manufacturing and the modern service industry and promoting a strong domestic market is the key to escaping the middle income trap.We use 1950-2010 data from 45 non-oil-exporting economies representing the structural evolution of the service industry worldwide to compare Asian economies that have passed through the middle income trap with Latin American counterparts that remain stuck in the trap,and thence proceed to construct a matched model that covers the consumption and production service industries and their supply of human capital,with the aim of identifying the formative mechanisms and conditions for escaping the middle income trap through upgrading the structure of the service industry.Substantially developing the production service sector,raising the supply of public services so as to cultivate the quantity and quality of human capital,and matching senior-level human capital with knowledge-intensive serviceindustries will propel the upgrading and transformation of China’s economic structure toward high-quality development.
文摘Neither of the“Three Industry”Theory nor the“General Agreement of Trading Service”(GATS)of the World Trade Organization(WTO)can be the essential criteria to analyze the property of education.The property of education can be defined from consumers’perspective.The direct consumers of education are students;but the ultimate consumers of education include parents,employers,society and governments as well.From the perspective of consumers,education is both a service and a productive institution.
