贵州大学生消费特征和消费模式的实证研究——基于消费理论视角

随着我国高等教育事业的发展,大学生已经成为城市消费的一个重要群体,其消费行为对城市整体消费和社会、经济发展都产生着重要影响。本文根据对我国在校大学生消费情况的实际调查,运用经济学和统计学的研究方法研究我国大学生消费的基本特征,不同大学生群体的消费模式。研究证明,大学生是一个特殊消费群体，其消费特征很大程度上是由这一群体自身的特点赞成的，并不完全受所在地区消费水平的限制。

体育彩票消费者行为模式的研究综述

体育彩票是体育事业筹集公共资金的重要途径,本文分析了当前体育彩票消费行为模式的现状及影响因素,以期为体育彩票机构决策的提出提供参考依据。

基于B/S结构的“校园一卡通”消费系统设计

该文阐述了我国校园一卡通系统的发展状况和分析了以太网技术的可行性,在比较分析了C/S结构和B/S结构特点后,结合目前我国高校发展模式的特点与趋势,提出了基于以太网与TCP/IP协议的位于分布式计算环境中的B/S架构的综合应用体系模型——校园一卡通综合应用系统。本系统可以有效实现一卡走遍校园,而且地理位置分布较远的多校区校园也可满足。论文详细介绍了在系统中用到的ActiveX控件,消息中间件,以及应用到的SQL Server2000数据库中的作业、复制。

消费者触摸需求量表中文版修订

触摸需求是一种利用触觉系统获取、使用信息的偏好（Peck＆Childers，2003）。本研究以Peck和Childers开发的品牌体验量表为模板，在文献综述的基础上，通过量表翻译、问卷调查、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析、信度检验等程序，修订并形成了信效度良好的中文版的触摸需求量表。完成的量表分为3个子维度，一共包含12个条目。这可以为日后研究消费者触摸需求以及感官营销相关命题的研究者提供一个信效度都比较理想的测量工具，也为推动国内对于消费者触摸需求以及感官营销研究的发展做出了一定的贡献。

Cointegration analysis with structural changes between consumption and economic growth in China

In order to investigate the existence of a stable long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China, the relationship between the gross domestic product （GDP） and consumption in China was investigated by the cointegration analysis method. Using the Engle-Granger （EG） test and considering the possibility of structural changes, the impact of external economic shocks on the long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China was analyzed. Analysis results show that without considering structural changes, the EG test cannot detect cointegration in the series subjected to structural changes; in considering structural changes, cointegration is successfully detected by specifying the dummy variable. In addition, the error correction models were constructed in different periods. This study verifies the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China, and this relationship has significantly changed in 1989 and 1997, respectively.

Change Trend of Chinese Urban Residents' Food-nitrogen Consumption

Change trend of Chinese urban residents＇ per capita food-nitrogen annual consumption from 1981 to 2007 was analyzed and predicted by using ARIMA time-series model in order to reveal the change of urban food-nitrogen consumption during the China＇s urbanization process.Results showed that after 1980s,the annual consumption of Chinese urban residents＇ food-nitrogen had a change trend of ＂ increase-decrease-increase＂ and generally presented as a slight increasing trend;With the acceleration of rapid economic development and urbanization process,Chinese urban residents＇ food-nitrogen consumption will still keep a rising trend in future,and also has a large rising space.

Construction of Value Models of Consumer Creation for Agricultural Products Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)

With the increased competition of modern economy and globalization,consumer creation which based on the analysis of consumer behavior was more and more attentioned and respected by business.Based on the meaning and characteristics of agricultural product consumer creation,index system of value model of agricultural product consumer creation was put forward through analytical hierarchy process（AHP）.The weights of the indicators and related indicators of impact on the value were analyzed,and value models of agricultural product consumer creation were constructed to provide ideas for development of agricultural product consumer market and research of consumer value.Consumer creation was constructed to provide ideas for development of agricultural product consumer market and research of consumer value.

The Empirical Analysis on the Dynamic Effect of Rural-urban Migration on the Consumption Growth of Residents in China——Based on Varying Parameter State-space Model

The research constructed varying parameter state-space model and per- formed estimation on dynamic relationship between urban-rural migration and aggre- gate consumption expenditure on basis of dual economic structure. The results showed that urban consumption growth made the most contribution to aggregate consumption growth, followed by urban-rural migration caused consumption. The role of rural consumption growth kept stable, but consumption caused by population growth was decreasing. Therefore, China consumption growth mainly relies on urban consumption expenditure and urban-rural migration.

对建设生态文明的几点策略

建设生态文明是经济建设与社会发展的必然趋势，建设生态文明关键是改变领导者的政绩观、生产者的生产观、消费者的消费观，实现思想与认识水平的生态化；建设生态文明保障是政策和法律体制的生态化；建设生态文明要重视生态文明教育。

Alcohol consumption in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

AIM:To assess the alcohol drinking patterns in a cohort of primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) patients and the possible influence on the development of fibrosis.METHODS:Ninety-six patients with PSC were evaluated with a validated questionnaire about a patient's lifetime drinking habits:the lifetime drinking history(LDH) questionnaire.In addition,clinical status,transient elastography and biochemistry values were analysed and registered.Patients were defined as having either significant or non-significant fibrosis.Significant fibrosis was defined as either an elastography value of ≥ 17.3 kPa or the presence of clinical signs of cirrhosis.Patients were divided into two groups depending on their alcohol consumption patterns;no/low alcohol consumption(one drink or unit/d) and moderate/high alcohol consumption(≥ 1 drink or unit/d).LDH data were calculated to estimate lifetime alcohol intake(LAI),current alcohol intake,drinks per year before and after diagnosis of PSC.We also calculated the number of episodes of binge-drinking(defined as consuming ≥ 5 drinks per occasion) in total,before and after the diagnosis of PSC.RESULTS:The mean LAI was 3882 units of alcohol,giving a mean intake after onset of alcohol consumption of 2.6 units per week.Only 9% of patients consumed alcohol equal to or more than one unit per day.Current alcohol intake in patients with significant fibrosis(n = 26) was less than in patients without significant fibrosis(n = 70),as shown by lower values of phosphatidylethanol(B-PEth)(0.1 mol/L vs 0.33 mol/L,respectively,P = 0.002) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin(CDT)(0.88% vs 1.06%,respectively,P = 0.02).Self-reported LAI was similar between the two groups.Patients with significant fibrosis reduced their alcohol intake after diagnosis from 103 to 88 units per year whereas patients without fibrosis increased their alcohol intake after PSC diagnosis from 111 to 151 units/year.There were no correlations between elastography values and intake of alcohol(units/year)(r =-0.036).CONCLUSION:PSC patients have low alcohol consumption.The lack of correlation between fibrosis and alcohol intake indicates that a low alcohol intake is safe in these patients.

Pathway and policy analysis to China's deep decarbonization

The Paris Agreement marks the beginning of a new era in the global response to climate change, which further clarifies the long-term goal and underlines the urgency addressing climate change. For China,promoting the decoupling between economic growth and carbon emissions as soon as possible is not only the core task of achieving the medium-and long-term goals and strategies to address climate change, but also the inevitable requirement for ensuring the sustainable development of economy and society. Based on the analysis of the historical trends of the economy and social development, as well as society, energy consumption, and key end-use sectors in China, this paper studies the deep carbon emission reduction potential of carbon emission of in energy, industry, building, and transportation and other sectors with "bottom-up" modeling analysis and proposes a medium-and long-term deep decarbonization pathway based on key technologies' mitigation potentials for China. It is found that under deep decarbonization pathway, China will successfully realize the goals set in China's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions of achieving carbon emissions peak around 2030 and lowering carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product(GDP) by 60-65% from the 2005 level.From 2030 onward, the development of nonfossil energy will further accelerates, and the share of nonfossil energies in primary energy will amounts to about 44% by 2050. Combined with the acceleration of low-carbon transformation in end-use sectors including industry, building, and transportation, the carbon dioxide emissions in 2050 will fall to the level before 2005, and the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will decreases by more than 90% from the 2005 level. To ensure the realization of the deep decarbonization pathway, this paper puts forward policy recommendations from four perspectives, including intensifying the total carbon dioxide emissions cap and strengthening the related institutional systems and regulations, improving the incentive policies for industrial lowcarbon development, enhancing the role of the market mechanism, and advocating low-carbon life and consumption patterns.

Context-Aware Service IVlodes in the Cloud Computing Environment

This paper discussed the differences of context-aware service between the cloud computing environment and the traditional service system.Given the above differences,the paper subsequently analyzed the changes of context-aware service during preparation,organization and delivery,as well as the resulting changes in service acceptance of consumers.Because of these changes,the context-aware service modes in the cloud computing environment change are intelligent,immersive,highly interactive,and real-time.According to active and responded service,and authorization and non-authorized service,the paper drew a case diagram of context-aware service in Unified Modeling Language(UML) and established four categories of context-aware service modes.

Privacy-Preserving Prepayment Based Power Request and Trading in Smart Grid

Demand response has been intensively studied in recent years. It can motivate customers to change their consumption patterns according to the dynamic(time-varying) electricity price, which is considered to be the most cost-effective and reliable solution for smoothing the demand curve. However, many existing schemes, based on users' demand request in each period, require users to consume their requested electricity exactly, which sometimes causes inconvenience and losses to the utility, because customers cannot always be able to consume the accurate electricity demand due to various personal reasons. In this paper, we tackle this problem in a novel approach. Instead of charging after consumption, we adopt the prepayment mechanism to implement power request. Furthermore, we propose a trading market running by the control center to cope with the users' dynamic demand. It is noteworthy that both users' original demand and trading records are protected against potential adversaries including the curious control center. Through the numerical simulation, we demonstrate that our scheme is highly efficient in both computation and communication.

The Ability of Nile Tilapia to Regulate Protein and Energy Intake Evaluated by Carbon Relative Enrichment （δ^13C）

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of Nile tilapia to balance its own diet, when two ingredient mixes were offered, using carbon stable isotopes. In order to accomplish that, 225 Nile tilapia juveniles （average initial weight 5.0 g ± 0.5 g） were distributed in five tanks, each containing a group of 45 fish. One group of fish were fed exclusively with a high protein mix （HPM; δ^13C = -22.62‰）, the second one fed only with a low protein mix （LPM; δ^13C = -14.34‰）. The other groups had free access to both mixes （free choice system）. The fish from all tanks were fed four times a day. Muscle, liver and blood samples were collected at each five days （from 2 fish/tank/collection） for 86 days, except for the fish fed with LPM （fed for a 120 days period）. The samples were analyzed in a mass spectrometer and proportions of the mixes consumed were estimated through its carbon isotope enrichment （δ^13C）. Energy intake slightly decreased after the 50th day and protein consumption increased after the same period. However, consumption did not present a clear pattern in relation to the individual weight, i.e., protein consumption patterns are mainly related to the age of the individuals and it is not clear if it is also correlated to their weight. Additionally, this technique allowed the observation of differences regarding consumption among the individuals from the experimental group.

Consumer Preference and Consumption Pattern of Marine Fish Species in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria

Despite the nutritive value of finfish, the domestic production is inadequate to meet the national demand. Due to the high demand of 2.66 million metric tons per annum for fish, Nigeria imported 740,000 tons in 2007 to supplement the domestic production of 615,507 tons. A study was conducted in Ibadan Metropolis of Oyo State （a land locked state） to determine the consumer preference and pattern of marine fish species consumed. Stratified sampling method was used to select respondents from three income earning levels of the five local government areas in Ibadan Metropolis. Questionnaires were administered to 51 marine fish retailers and 151 households. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Tobit regression model. Marine fish sellers ranked horse mackerel （Scomberjaponicus） first and croaker （Pseudotholithus species） the least because it is more priced. Only 10.6% and 13.2% of the households preferred express （Brevortia species） and croaker respectively, but Hake （Gadus gadus） was the least preferred （41.7%）. The household consumed varying proportions of fish species every week. The regression result （R2 = 0.65） showed that married household heads with large household size having lower years/level of education, younger in age and earning lower income are likely to consume more of marine frozen fish species （P 〈 0.01） than others.

Comparative Analysis of Household Consumption Pattern of Local and Imported Rice in Ekiti State, Nigeria

The paper examined the consumption pattern and attitude of households for local and imported rice in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the paper are to： examine the household preference and consumption level of local and imported rice, examine price variation between local and imported rice and identify the major problems confronting marketers of local and imported rice. Data were collected from 100 randomly chosen households with the aid of structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages, chi-square, t-test and regression analysis. The paper revealed among others that majority of the respondents prefer to consume local rice to imported rice because of its more palatability, health benefits, readily availability and relatively cheap price. The average price per kilogramme of local rice is 200 Naira compared to that of imported rice which is 300 Naira. The difference in price is as a result of exchange rate and costs associated with smuggling of imported rice across the border of Nigeria from neighbouring countries. Nonetheless, the quality of local rice is still very low when compared to imported rice in terms of degree of impurities such as stone and shafts and the level of polishing.

Sustainable Consumption and Production in the Baltic Sea Region

Economic activity always has an impact on the environment, but the potential degree of this impact depends on consumption and production pattems. The aim of this paper is to analyse the environmental and well being impacts of consumption and production systems in Baltic Sea Region and draw conclusions about transferring of best practises in Latvia. This study is based on indicator analyses, focusing on data of environmental impacts from consumption and production in the region, and analyses drivers behind these impacts. The paper concludes two trends--Scandinavian countries and Germany which have more advanced economies demonstrate much higher ecoefficiency and environmental management practices compared to the new EU member states. The example of the Baltic Sea region shows that high income levels and a stable development path in the old EU member states provide grounds for technology advancement to reduce the environmental impact of production. However Baltic States and Poland on average demonstrate much more sustainable consumption patterns. But the trends in these countries are negative--they try to copy lifestyles and consumption patterns of more advanced economies with higher ecological footprint. Challenge for Latvia is to improve its ecoefficiency but at the same time develop more sustainable consumption patterns.

Global Warming, Elites and Energy in Latin America： The Chilean Case

Adaptation and mitigation measures and changes in production and consumption patterns are necessary to face the risks of the impacts of global warming. They imply large investments the costs of which companies and governments, in charge of elites are not always willing to endure. Changes in elites have a direct impact on public policy and environmental governance of societies. Are the new elites willing to change traditional patterns of energy consumption if the change could threaten investment and economic growth3 Based on empirical research this paper analyzes the role of elites in a developing Latin American country （the Chilean case） in decisions adopted about the explanations of climate change and specially on the set of measures for adaptation and/or mitigation, focusing on the energy sector of the economy, one of the key sectors directly implied with the possibilities of reducing greenhouse gases emissions.

Globalization and Local Strategy： The IKEA Experience in Apulia

The process of the economic globalization that has increasingly made markets for goods and services, capital markets, and interdependent consumption patterns, is strongly linked to the current issue of the relationship between marketing and territory. Marketing is usually described as a set of tools used by businesses to promote the exchange of goods and services produced in order to fully meet the demand of the community of the territory in which they operate. Therefore, to apply marketing to the territory, one needs to identify a set of rules for programming, evaluation, and promotion, in order to attract producers and consumers to an area, in which there are both tangible and intangible factors. The ability to create a development process is not only related to the possession of these factors, but also and above all to the ability to make them cohesive so that the area as a whole has more value than its individual components. In this paper, the authors show that it is not so much the actions carried out by local political institutions, but those of IKEA~ itself have contributed to the improvement of the area around Bari, where it has chosen to open a store.

Consumers＇ Perceptions about Food Quality Attributes and Their Incidence in Argentinean Organic Choices

The objective of this paper is to analyze consumers＇ perceptions about risk and quality attributes of food consumption; and to evaluate the incidence of these factors when buying organic products in the Argentinean domestic market. Data derives from a food consumption survey on organic and non-organic consumers conducted in Buenos Aires City, Argentina, in April 2005.The Lancaster model （1966） provided the theoretical basis. The results yielded by the estimated logistic model suggest that consumers with higher educational level, who eat healthy food, and consider food control organisms as ＂inefficient＂ are more likely to buy organic products. A high percentage of consumers read and trust label information in Argentina. This has interesting policy implications to promote differentiated and high value products, and to reduce information asymmetries.