河南省农村居民文化消费水平的变动历程及现状评价

通过对近年来河南省农村居民文化消费的变动历程、变动原因、发展阶段和消费水平进行分析发现:随着农民收入水平和文化素质的提高、闲暇时间增多和文化产品的日益丰富,农村居民的文化消费支出逐年增加,但文化消费占其家庭总消费的比重不仅没有持续提高,相反还出现了下降的趋势。这说明精神文化消费在河南省农村居民的消费结构中还处于次要地位,追求高质量的家庭耐用商品仍是河南省农村居民消费的主要目标。总之,河南省农村居民文化消费还处于启动时期,消费水平偏低,且支出很不稳定,容易受外界经济环境的影响。应大力发展农村经济,从多角度入手,提高农村居民文化消费水平。

Research on Energy Consumption Evaluation Combined with Endogenous Pollutants of China Based on Entropy-Topsis

The traditional evaluation of energy consumption mostly introduces pollutants as a negative economic output into evaluating model,ignoring the configuration relationship among the energy input,pollutants as well as economic output.This paper considers the overall process of energy consumption and constructs an evaluation indication system of energy consumption level combined with endogenous pollutants based on entropytopsis method,then makes empirical research.The results show that China's energy consumption level presents a fluctuant rise in the premise of emission.Energy consumption level depends on the relationship among energy input,pollutants and economic output.The raise of energy consumption level should not increase economic output and reduce pollutant emission at the expense of environment.Finally,the whole paper puts forward the countermeasures to improve the overall level of energy consumption.