Obstructed defecation （OD） and fecal incontinence （FI） are challenging clinical problems, which are commonly encountered in the practice of colorectal surgeons and gastroenterologists. These disorders sodally and ...Obstructed defecation （OD） and fecal incontinence （FI） are challenging clinical problems, which are commonly encountered in the practice of colorectal surgeons and gastroenterologists. These disorders sodally and psychologically distress patients and greatly impair their quality of life. The underlying anatomical and pathophysiological changes are complex, often incompletely understood and cannot always be determined. As a consequence, many medical, surgical, and behavioral approaches have been described, with no panacea. Over the past decade, advances in an understanding of these disorders together with rational and similar methods of evaluation in anorectal physiology laboratories （ARP）, radiology studies, and new surgical techniques have led to promising results. In this brief review, we discuss treatment strategies and recent updates on clinical and therapeutic aspects of obstructed defecation and fecal incontinence.展开更多
A nonlinear model of anti-backlash gear with time-varying friction and mesh stiffness was proposed for the further study on dynamic characteristics of anti-backlash gear. In order to improve the model precision, appli...A nonlinear model of anti-backlash gear with time-varying friction and mesh stiffness was proposed for the further study on dynamic characteristics of anti-backlash gear. In order to improve the model precision, applied force analysis was completed in detail, and single or double tooth meshing states of two gear pairs at any timing were determined according to the meshing characteristic of anti-backlash gear. The influences of friction and variations of damping ratio on dynamic transmission error were analyzed finally by numerical calculation and the results show that anti-backlash gear can increase the composite mesh stiffness comparing with the mesh stiffness of the normal gear pair. At the pitch points where the frictions change their signs, additional impulsive effects are observed. The width of impulsive in the same value of center frequency is wider than that without friction, and the amplitude is lower. When gear pairs mesh in and out, damping can reduce the vibration and impact.展开更多
We study the effect of decoherence on quantum Monty Hall problem under the influence of amplitude damping, depolarizing, and dephasing channels. It is shown that under the effect of decoherence, there is a Nash equili...We study the effect of decoherence on quantum Monty Hall problem under the influence of amplitude damping, depolarizing, and dephasing channels. It is shown that under the effect of decoherence, there is a Nash equilibrium of the game in case of depolarizing channel for Alice＇s quantum strategy. Whereas in case of dephasing noise, the game is not influenced by the quantum channel. For amplitude damping channel, Bob＇s payoffs are found symmetrical about a decoherence of 50% and the maximum occurs at this value of decoherence for his classical strategy. However, it is worth-mentioning that in case of depolarizing channel, Bob＇s classical strategy remains always dominant against any choice of Alice＇s strategy.展开更多
AIM： To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of impedance monitoring for predicting popping during radiofrequency ablation （RFA） using internally cooled electrodes. METHODS： We reviewed 140 patients （94 mal...AIM： To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of impedance monitoring for predicting popping during radiofrequency ablation （RFA） using internally cooled electrodes. METHODS： We reviewed 140 patients （94 males, 46 females; age range 73.0 ＋ 11.1 year） who underwent RFA between February 2006 and November 2008 with a modified protocol using a limited power delivery rather than a conventional one to avoid popping. All the patients provided their written informed consent, and the study was approved by the institutional review board. Intraprocedural impedances were measured for the study subjects, and the tumors were classified into three types according to the characteristics of their impedance curves： increasing, flat, or decreasing. The tumors were further sorted into seven subtypes （A-G） depending on the curvature of the impedance curve＇ s increase or decrease. Relative popping rates were determined for the three types and seven subtypes. A chi-square test was performed to estimate statistical significance.RESULTS： A total of 148 nodules treated by RFA were analyzed. The study samples included 132 nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma, 14 nodules of metastatic liver cancer, and two nodules of intrahepatic cholangio- carcinoma. The numbers of nodules with each imped- ance curve type were as follows： 37 increasing-type nodules, 43 fiat-type nodules, and 68 decreasing-type nodules. Popping occurrence rates were 24.3%, 46.5% and 64.7%, respectively. Flat-type nodules exhibited a significantly higher rate of popping compared to increasing-type nodules （P = 0.039）. Decreasing-type nodules exhibited a significantly higher rate of popping compared to increasing-type nodules （P 〈 0.0001）. No- tably, nodules that showed a sharp decrease in imped- ance in the latter ablation period （subtype E） exhibited a significantly higher rate of popping compared to other subtypes. CONCLUSION： Intraprocedural impedance monitoring can be a useful tool to predict the occurrence of pop- ping during liver tumor RFA performed with internally cooled electrodes.展开更多
We study the behavior of cooperative multiplayer quantum games [Q. Chen, Y. Wang, J.T. Liu, and K.L. Wang, Phys. Lett. A 327 （2004） 98; A.P. Flitney and L.C.L. Hollenberg, Quantum Inf. Comput. 7 （2007） 111] in the...We study the behavior of cooperative multiplayer quantum games [Q. Chen, Y. Wang, J.T. Liu, and K.L. Wang, Phys. Lett. A 327 （2004） 98; A.P. Flitney and L.C.L. Hollenberg, Quantum Inf. Comput. 7 （2007） 111] in the presence of decoherence using different quantum channels such as amplitude damping, depolarizing and phase damping. It is seen that the outcomes of the games for the two damping channels with maximum values of decoherence reduce to same value. However, in comparison to phase damping channel, the payoffs of cooperators are strongly damped under the influence amplitude damping channel for the lower values of decoherence parameter. In the case of depolarizing channel, the game is a no-payoff game irrespective of the degree of entanglement in the initial state for the larger values of decoherence parameter. The deeoherenee gets the cooperators worse off.展开更多
文摘Obstructed defecation （OD） and fecal incontinence （FI） are challenging clinical problems, which are commonly encountered in the practice of colorectal surgeons and gastroenterologists. These disorders sodally and psychologically distress patients and greatly impair their quality of life. The underlying anatomical and pathophysiological changes are complex, often incompletely understood and cannot always be determined. As a consequence, many medical, surgical, and behavioral approaches have been described, with no panacea. Over the past decade, advances in an understanding of these disorders together with rational and similar methods of evaluation in anorectal physiology laboratories （ARP）, radiology studies, and new surgical techniques have led to promising results. In this brief review, we discuss treatment strategies and recent updates on clinical and therapeutic aspects of obstructed defecation and fecal incontinence.
基金Project(51175505)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A nonlinear model of anti-backlash gear with time-varying friction and mesh stiffness was proposed for the further study on dynamic characteristics of anti-backlash gear. In order to improve the model precision, applied force analysis was completed in detail, and single or double tooth meshing states of two gear pairs at any timing were determined according to the meshing characteristic of anti-backlash gear. The influences of friction and variations of damping ratio on dynamic transmission error were analyzed finally by numerical calculation and the results show that anti-backlash gear can increase the composite mesh stiffness comparing with the mesh stiffness of the normal gear pair. At the pitch points where the frictions change their signs, additional impulsive effects are observed. The width of impulsive in the same value of center frequency is wider than that without friction, and the amplitude is lower. When gear pairs mesh in and out, damping can reduce the vibration and impact.
文摘We study the effect of decoherence on quantum Monty Hall problem under the influence of amplitude damping, depolarizing, and dephasing channels. It is shown that under the effect of decoherence, there is a Nash equilibrium of the game in case of depolarizing channel for Alice＇s quantum strategy. Whereas in case of dephasing noise, the game is not influenced by the quantum channel. For amplitude damping channel, Bob＇s payoffs are found symmetrical about a decoherence of 50% and the maximum occurs at this value of decoherence for his classical strategy. However, it is worth-mentioning that in case of depolarizing channel, Bob＇s classical strategy remains always dominant against any choice of Alice＇s strategy.
文摘AIM： To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of impedance monitoring for predicting popping during radiofrequency ablation （RFA） using internally cooled electrodes. METHODS： We reviewed 140 patients （94 males, 46 females; age range 73.0 ＋ 11.1 year） who underwent RFA between February 2006 and November 2008 with a modified protocol using a limited power delivery rather than a conventional one to avoid popping. All the patients provided their written informed consent, and the study was approved by the institutional review board. Intraprocedural impedances were measured for the study subjects, and the tumors were classified into three types according to the characteristics of their impedance curves： increasing, flat, or decreasing. The tumors were further sorted into seven subtypes （A-G） depending on the curvature of the impedance curve＇ s increase or decrease. Relative popping rates were determined for the three types and seven subtypes. A chi-square test was performed to estimate statistical significance.RESULTS： A total of 148 nodules treated by RFA were analyzed. The study samples included 132 nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma, 14 nodules of metastatic liver cancer, and two nodules of intrahepatic cholangio- carcinoma. The numbers of nodules with each imped- ance curve type were as follows： 37 increasing-type nodules, 43 fiat-type nodules, and 68 decreasing-type nodules. Popping occurrence rates were 24.3%, 46.5% and 64.7%, respectively. Flat-type nodules exhibited a significantly higher rate of popping compared to increasing-type nodules （P = 0.039）. Decreasing-type nodules exhibited a significantly higher rate of popping compared to increasing-type nodules （P 〈 0.0001）. No- tably, nodules that showed a sharp decrease in imped- ance in the latter ablation period （subtype E） exhibited a significantly higher rate of popping compared to other subtypes. CONCLUSION： Intraprocedural impedance monitoring can be a useful tool to predict the occurrence of pop- ping during liver tumor RFA performed with internally cooled electrodes.
基金partial financial support under the National Scholarship Program for Pakistan
文摘We study the behavior of cooperative multiplayer quantum games [Q. Chen, Y. Wang, J.T. Liu, and K.L. Wang, Phys. Lett. A 327 （2004） 98; A.P. Flitney and L.C.L. Hollenberg, Quantum Inf. Comput. 7 （2007） 111] in the presence of decoherence using different quantum channels such as amplitude damping, depolarizing and phase damping. It is seen that the outcomes of the games for the two damping channels with maximum values of decoherence reduce to same value. However, in comparison to phase damping channel, the payoffs of cooperators are strongly damped under the influence amplitude damping channel for the lower values of decoherence parameter. In the case of depolarizing channel, the game is a no-payoff game irrespective of the degree of entanglement in the initial state for the larger values of decoherence parameter. The deeoherenee gets the cooperators worse off.
