As only about 15% of the total time of people in Hong Kong was spent outdoors, it would be more valuable if the associated effectiveness and impact of the recently proposed abatement measures could be expressed in ter...As only about 15% of the total time of people in Hong Kong was spent outdoors, it would be more valuable if the associated effectiveness and impact of the recently proposed abatement measures could be expressed in terms of the improvement in the total exposure levels. This paper uses an exposure assessment model developed from the local microenvironment concentration data together with our surveyed time activity patterns to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed air pollution abatement policy. Prior to the enforcement of abatement measures, about 2.5% of the young group and 1.2% of the adult group having their exposure levels exceeded that defined by the current 8-hour PM10 standard (180 μg/m3). With the enforcement of abatement measures, only 0.3% of the adult group would be restored to a safe level.展开更多
This paper proposes a robust auto-focus(AF) measure based on inner energy. In general, the inner energy of noise pixels is close to zero because the magnitude of gradient and the direction of the noise pixels are rand...This paper proposes a robust auto-focus(AF) measure based on inner energy. In general, the inner energy of noise pixels is close to zero because the magnitude of gradient and the direction of the noise pixels are random. Therefore, the inner energy can effectively eliminate the influence of noise on image quality assessment. But the gradients of near edge points are consistent with those of edge points, so the inner energy of edge pixels is relatively large, and the detail information of the image can be highlighted. Experimental results indicate that compared with traditional methods, the proposed method has higher accuracy, fewer local peaks, stronger robustness and better practicability. In particular, the evaluation results are close to the subjective evaluation of the human eyes. These results illustrate that the proposed method can be applied in automatic focusing.展开更多
文摘As only about 15% of the total time of people in Hong Kong was spent outdoors, it would be more valuable if the associated effectiveness and impact of the recently proposed abatement measures could be expressed in terms of the improvement in the total exposure levels. This paper uses an exposure assessment model developed from the local microenvironment concentration data together with our surveyed time activity patterns to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed air pollution abatement policy. Prior to the enforcement of abatement measures, about 2.5% of the young group and 1.2% of the adult group having their exposure levels exceeded that defined by the current 8-hour PM10 standard (180 μg/m3). With the enforcement of abatement measures, only 0.3% of the adult group would be restored to a safe level.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1509207 and 61325019)
文摘This paper proposes a robust auto-focus(AF) measure based on inner energy. In general, the inner energy of noise pixels is close to zero because the magnitude of gradient and the direction of the noise pixels are random. Therefore, the inner energy can effectively eliminate the influence of noise on image quality assessment. But the gradients of near edge points are consistent with those of edge points, so the inner energy of edge pixels is relatively large, and the detail information of the image can be highlighted. Experimental results indicate that compared with traditional methods, the proposed method has higher accuracy, fewer local peaks, stronger robustness and better practicability. In particular, the evaluation results are close to the subjective evaluation of the human eyes. These results illustrate that the proposed method can be applied in automatic focusing.
