AIM: To evaluate the effects of self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) in patients with malignant esophageal obstruction and to analyze their prognosis and complications. METHODS: Seventy-four metallic stents were placed ...AIM: To evaluate the effects of self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) in patients with malignant esophageal obstruction and to analyze their prognosis and complications. METHODS: Seventy-four metallic stents were placed under fluoroscopic guidance in 66 patients with esophageal obstruction secondary to carcinoma, of whom, 6 cases were complicated by fistula. RESULTS: After seventy-two stents were successfully used in 66 cases without any severe complications (technical successful rate was 97%), the dysphagia score improved from 3.3±0.6 to 0.8±0.5 (P<0.01), and life quality improved significantly in all these patients. All fistulae were sealed immediately after coated stents were inserted in the six patients. New stents were placed in two patients: the stent migrated more than 2 cm, in one patients and the stent slipped into stomach in the other. Minor bleeding was found only in 28 patients during the operation. Reobstruction was found in 12 patients, but was successfully cured under endoscopy. The survival rate was 78%, 57% and 11% for 6 mo, 1 year and 2 years respectively. CONCLUSION: Placement of SEMS is a simple, safe, quick and efficient surgical method for treating esophageal carcinoma obstruction. It may be used mainly as a palliative treatment of esophageal obstruction secondary to carcinoma.展开更多
Specific dynamic action(SDA), the energy expended on all physiological processes that is associated with meal digestion and absorption, is strongly affected by food type. Effects of formulated diet(FMD), macroalgae(AL...Specific dynamic action(SDA), the energy expended on all physiological processes that is associated with meal digestion and absorption, is strongly affected by food type. Effects of formulated diet(FMD), macroalgae(ALG) and sea mud(SMD) diets on the postprandial metabolic response of the green type and the red type of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) were studied in order to understand their feeding physiology. Food offered to A. japonicus was different in protein, lipid content and energy but not in meal mass. SDA of A. japonicus resulted in a 1.3–2.7 folds of increase in oxygen consumption that can persist for up to 4.8–31.7 h after digesting three different diets. In a given type of sea cucumber, the magnitude of SDA was the highest when fed with FMD, medium with ALG, and the lowest with SMD, which is probably due to the differences in diet components and protein contents. The red type sea cucumber showed greater SDA magnitude than the green type with each diet treatment, which might result from the difference in factorial scope between the two types of sea cucumber. However, the smallest magnitude or even no difference was observed between the two types of A. japonicus in SMD group, perhaps owing to the poor nutrition and digestion of sea mud.展开更多
Intestine is the organ for food digestion, nutrient absorption and pathogen defense, in which processes intestinal epithelium plays a central role. Intestinal epithelium undergoes fast turnover, and its homeostasis is...Intestine is the organ for food digestion, nutrient absorption and pathogen defense, in which processes intestinal epithelium plays a central role. Intestinal epithelium undergoes fast turnover, and its homeostasis is regulated by multiple signaling pathways,including Wnt, Notch, Hippo and BMP pathways. BMP signaling has been shown to negatively regulate self-renewal of Lgr5^+ intestinal stem cells, constrains the expansion of intestinal epithelium, therefore attenuating colorectal cancer formation. BMPs and their receptors are expressed in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells, suggesting a two-way interaction between the mesenchyme and epithelium. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the function of BMP signaling in homeostasis, cancerous transformation and inflammatory response of intestinal epithelium.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Medical Science and Technology Foundation during the 9th Five-Year Plan Period, No. 969070304
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effects of self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) in patients with malignant esophageal obstruction and to analyze their prognosis and complications. METHODS: Seventy-four metallic stents were placed under fluoroscopic guidance in 66 patients with esophageal obstruction secondary to carcinoma, of whom, 6 cases were complicated by fistula. RESULTS: After seventy-two stents were successfully used in 66 cases without any severe complications (technical successful rate was 97%), the dysphagia score improved from 3.3±0.6 to 0.8±0.5 (P<0.01), and life quality improved significantly in all these patients. All fistulae were sealed immediately after coated stents were inserted in the six patients. New stents were placed in two patients: the stent migrated more than 2 cm, in one patients and the stent slipped into stomach in the other. Minor bleeding was found only in 28 patients during the operation. Reobstruction was found in 12 patients, but was successfully cured under endoscopy. The survival rate was 78%, 57% and 11% for 6 mo, 1 year and 2 years respectively. CONCLUSION: Placement of SEMS is a simple, safe, quick and efficient surgical method for treating esophageal carcinoma obstruction. It may be used mainly as a palliative treatment of esophageal obstruction secondary to carcinoma.
基金the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China (No. 2011BAD13B03)Foundation of Liaoning Educational Committee (No. L2014254)
文摘Specific dynamic action(SDA), the energy expended on all physiological processes that is associated with meal digestion and absorption, is strongly affected by food type. Effects of formulated diet(FMD), macroalgae(ALG) and sea mud(SMD) diets on the postprandial metabolic response of the green type and the red type of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) were studied in order to understand their feeding physiology. Food offered to A. japonicus was different in protein, lipid content and energy but not in meal mass. SDA of A. japonicus resulted in a 1.3–2.7 folds of increase in oxygen consumption that can persist for up to 4.8–31.7 h after digesting three different diets. In a given type of sea cucumber, the magnitude of SDA was the highest when fed with FMD, medium with ALG, and the lowest with SMD, which is probably due to the differences in diet components and protein contents. The red type sea cucumber showed greater SDA magnitude than the green type with each diet treatment, which might result from the difference in factorial scope between the two types of sea cucumber. However, the smallest magnitude or even no difference was observed between the two types of A. japonicus in SMD group, perhaps owing to the poor nutrition and digestion of sea mud.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0103601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31330049) to YGC
文摘Intestine is the organ for food digestion, nutrient absorption and pathogen defense, in which processes intestinal epithelium plays a central role. Intestinal epithelium undergoes fast turnover, and its homeostasis is regulated by multiple signaling pathways,including Wnt, Notch, Hippo and BMP pathways. BMP signaling has been shown to negatively regulate self-renewal of Lgr5^+ intestinal stem cells, constrains the expansion of intestinal epithelium, therefore attenuating colorectal cancer formation. BMPs and their receptors are expressed in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells, suggesting a two-way interaction between the mesenchyme and epithelium. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the function of BMP signaling in homeostasis, cancerous transformation and inflammatory response of intestinal epithelium.
