全省涉药检测实验室间比对发现的问题及改进措施探讨

目的对2008～2012年全省涉药检测(药品生产企业、医院制剂室、药检机构)实验室间比对发现的问题进行分析汇总,有针对性地提出改进措施和建议,为实验室规范检验操作、改进质量管理,保证检验工作质量提供参考。方法将2008～2012年全省比对结果及参比实验室原始记录中存在的问题进行汇总分析,从提高质量意识、加强人员培训、规范检验检测操作、制定药检基础操作SOP、改进质量管理等方面提出相应的改进措施和建议。结果与结论组织开展全省实验室间比对是帮助辖区各涉药检测实验室验证其质量管理有效性和检测结果可靠性的重要手段,各实验室应积极参加并认真对待。

并联机器人位置干涉的研究—虎克铰的干涉

本文建立了虎克铰的干涉模型,求出了虎克铰不发生干涉的最大园锥角,并给出了并联机器人的虎克铰干涉的判断原则和方法,最后进行了实例计算.

批评认知语言学与主体间性

主体间性是指在多个参与者之间分享情感、感知、思维和语言等方面的经验内容。语言根植于我们的身体,但更重要的是它还根植于社会和主体间性。本文指出,在解释语义的认知基础时,认知语言学奉行的是个体化的原则,涉身性和主体间性之间的矛盾并没有得到很好的解决,要解决这一矛盾需要借助现象学的观点。Zlatev提出涉身主体间性的概念,把涉身性和主体间性有机地融合起来,作为同一现象两个互补的方面。根据这一观点,说话人与听话人共同进行“认知协调”,在语言交际中,说话人邀请听话人参与语言表达所引起的推理,改变听话人的认知系统,从而相应地调整双方的共同基础。正常的语言使用不仅具有信息功能,还具有“论证性”功能,说话者可以通过语言影响他人的思维、态度、立场以及即时的行为等。批评认知语言学的研究体现主体间性,因为它关注的是言语使用及其所引起的相关联的概念结构,以及这些概念结构在话语语境中所承担的意识形态或合法化的功能,即通过语言影响人们的意识形态、立场、观点、看法以及人们对某一意识形态或观点的接受程度。批评认知语言学在一定程度上弥补了传统认知语言学忽视社会性与主体间性的缺陷,是认知语言学“社会转向”的重要体现。

Opto-mechanical-thermal integration analysis of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne interferometer

In order to improve the detection accuracy of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne(DASH)interferometer in harsh temperatures,an opto-mechanical-thermal integration analysis is carried out.Firstly,the correlation between the interference phase and temperature is established according to the working principle and the phase algorithm of the interferometer.Secondly,the optical mechanical thermal analysis model and thermal deformation data acquisition model are designed.The deformation data of the interference module and the imaging optical system at different temperatures are given by temperature load simulation analysis,and the phase error caused by thermal deformation is obtained by fitting.Finally,based on the wind speed error caused by thermal deformation of each component,a reasonable temperature control scheme is proposed.The results show that the interference module occupies the main cause,the temperature must be controlled within(20±0.05)℃,and the temperature control should be carried out for the temperature sensitive parts,and the wind speed error caused by the part is 3.8 m/s.The thermal drift between the magnification of the imaging optical system and the thermal drift of the relative position between the imaging optical system and the detector should occupy the secondary cause,which should be controlled within(20±2)℃,and the wind speed error caused by the part is 3.05 m/s.In summary,the wind measurement error caused by interference module,imaging optical system,and the relative position between the imaging optical system and the detector can be controlled within 6.85 m/s.The analysis and temperature control schemes presented in this paper can provide theoretical basis for DASH interferometer engineering applications.

IN-PLANE INSENSITIVE DOUBLE-APERTURE DIGITAL SHEAROGRAPHY FOR SLOPE MEASUREMENT

An improved in-plane insensitive double-aperture digital speckle shearing interferometric technique is proposed to measure the first derivative of out-of-plane displacement （slope）. The temporal phase-shifting method is used for the quantitative analysis of fringes. The designed system employs a double-aperture arrange- ment placed in front of the imaging lens. A glass wedge covers one of the two apertures to introduce a laterally shear. The experimental specimen is a circular aluminum plate, clamped along its edge and subjected to both out- of-plane deflection and in-plane rotation. Experimental results show that the fringes obtained from the proposed optical configuration represent pure slope contour distributions, and that the contributions from the in-plane dis- placement components are completely eliminated. Theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement.

Space-time spreading and space-time coding for correlated frequency-selective channel in the presence of interference

The space-time spreading （SIS）, superimposed training sequences and space-time coding （STC） are adopted to obtain a closed-form of average error probability upper bound and maximum likelihood esti- mation expression for multiple input and multiple output （MIMO） correlated frequency-selective channel in the presence of interference （colored interference）. Moreover, the correlation at both ends of the wire- less link that can be incorporated equivalently into correlation at the transmit end is derived. Finally, the mean square error （MSE） of the maximum likelihood estimate is also derived.

Flat-top silica-based arrayed waveguide grating with 40-channels

A flat response silica-based arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） with 10-channels and 0.8 nm （100 GHz） channel spacing has been designed and fabricated using multimode interferometer （MMI） at the end of input waveguide. Proper width of MMI is theoretically optimized using beam propagation method （BPM）. An AWG with a 1 6 um width MMI is fabricated experimentally. The measurement results show that the 3 clB bandwidth is 0.62 nm,insertion loss （IS） ranges from 5.2 dB to 7.5 dB,and the crosstalk is less than - 20 dB. The 3dB bandwidth,channel numbers and channel spacing of the AWG agree well with the simulation values.

COMMENTS ON THE THERAPEUTIC TIMETABLE OF ISCHEMIC APOPLEXY AND SUPER-EARLY INTERVENTION OF ACUPUNCTURE

According to the pathological process of ischemic apoplexy, which involves its onset and development, this paper expounds the great significance of adopting various active and effective measures within the therapeutic timetable for favorable prognosis and improvement of apoplexy. The author’s viewpoints differ from the conventional thinking towards the management of apoplexy, stressing super early intervention with acupuncture.

PERFORMANCE OF THREE STAGE TURBO-EQUALIZATION-DECODING

An increasing demand for high data rate transmission and protection over bandlimited channels with severe inter-symbol interference has resulted in a flurry of activity to improve channel equalization, In conjunction with equalization, channel coding-decoding can be employed to improve system performance. In this letter, the performance of the three stage turbo-equalization-decoding employing log maximum a posteriori probability is experimentally evaluated by a fading simulator. The BER is evaluated using various information sequence and interleaver sizes taking into account that the communication medium is a noisy inter symbol interference channel.

NOVEL ICI CANCELLATION ALGORITHM IN OFDM SYSTEMS

The Bit Error Rate (BER) caused by Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) increases greatly with the increase of frequency offset in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. According to a typical OFDM signal model, this letter proves that the coefficient matrix of ICI is a unitary matrix whose inverse matrix is much easier to get, and then proposes a new ICI cancellation method with less computation complexity by sending typical pilot symbols. Compared with two existing ICI cancellation methods, self-cancellation and windowing cancellation, it is shown that the proposed algorithm can cancel ICI better and overcome the limitation of the two traditional methods.

Development from Right to Interfere to Responsibility to Protect

Right to interfere applies to circumstances where human rights abuses occur. It did function well in early years, however, as time goes by, some defects emerge and introducing a new theory to protect humarL rights conditions is necessary. Responsibility to protect evolves from right to interfere and overcomes the deficiencies inherent in its predecessor. But responsibility to protect is not a perfect system, and to improve it, some measures such as establishing a performance evaluation mechanism should be adopted.

A holographic three-slit interferometer

A new type of real-time holographic three-slit interferometer is presented. It uses a calcite polarized optical element to obtain objective light and reference light to record a hologram. Its remarkable feature is to use a beam of fixed slit diffracted light as the reference light to record the lateral slit diffracted wave front, and to use also the same diffracted light as the illuminating light to reconstruct the wave front. This insures the phase distribution of the reconstructed wave front against the influence by the small natural direction drift of the laser beam and also by the tiny external vibration. The stability, reliability and measuring accuracy of this apparatus are improved notably.

Dual-Tone Radio Interferometric Positioning Systems for Multi-Target Localization Using a Single Mobile Anchor

In this paper, a low-cost dualtone radio interferometric positioning system using a single mobile anchor is proposed to locate multiple targets at the same time. We name it mDRIPS. In mDRIPS, each target continuously transmits a dual-tone signal with its dedicated frequencies, and the mobile anchor receives the signals at different positions along its trajectory, Neither time synchronization between the mobile anchor and the targets nor time synchronization among the targets is required. We take the instability of targets clocks into consideration and develop an ESPRIT-type algorithm to estimate frequencies of each dual-tone signal. Furthermore, the time of arrival （TOA） of each target signal is extracted from the phase estimates of the received dual-tone signals. After measuring several TOAs at different locations along the anchor＇s trajectory, each target can be located. Since the frequency difference of the two tones of each dualtone signal is designed to be smaller than the channel coherence bandwidth, the same fading effect on these two tones can be eliminated. Moreover, the integer ambiguity problem due to phase wrapping is investigated, and a localization algorithm to deal with a simplified ambiguity problem is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed mDRIPS.

Interference Phase of Neutrino Oscillation in Schwarzschild-de Sitter Space-Time

We study the mass neutrino interference phase in Schwarzschild-de Sitter space time along the null trajectory and the geodesic line and obtain the effects of cosmological constant A on the neutrino oscillation. Firstly, in the high energy limit, we find that the phase along the geodesic keeps the double of that along the null. Secondly, we calculate the phase on the condition that the cosmological constant, A, is a small quantity. The correction of the phase due to A is given. Finally, we calculate the proper oscillation length in Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time, which increases because of the existence of A, compared with the result in Schwarzschild space-time. All of our results can be reduced to those in Schwarzschild space-time as A approaches to zero.

值得美国反思的对华政策

第二次世界大战后的中美关系,有起伏,有曲折。最近两国关系又在美国一部分敌视中国的势力肆意干涉中国内政和中国反对其干涉间再次经历考验。这是中国坚持独立自主和美国这部分人企图改变中国政治航向的斗争在新形势下的继续。就美国方面来说,他们所以如此不顾国际关系的准则,一个根本的原因,是以为中国有求于美国,中国不能不在美国的棒喝下低头。他们没有意识到,这样做,只能适得其反。

Experimental research on nonlinear characteristics of natural convection in a 3-D shallow cavity

Experiments were conducted to study the temperature field,flow field,3-D characteristics and self-sustained oscillation of the natural air convection in a 3-D shallow cavity which was heated from underneath. The experiments were conducted by the methods of laser holographic interferometry photography and smoke visualization. To ensure the temperature of both plates to be constant and the accuracy of laser interferometer,the instrument was calibrated and error has was analyzed. The results showed that the flow field was stable at lower Rayleigh numbers. When the Rayleigh number increased,the flow field became instable and the isotherms distorted. The rolls merged at Ra=12500 and formed along both axes when Ra was over 18500. The air rose from the middle and descended in the circumference while the flow field and heat transfer converted to 3-D characteristic from 2-D characteristic. When the Rayleigh number increased,the flow field became more instable. The rolls became irregular and time dependent when Ra≥Rac(=30500) ,which is nonlinear. When lateral walls were heated or cooled,the rolls merged along the long axis and two rolls formed along the short axis. Three rolls formed occasionally in the process.

TEM observation of tin whisker

The tin whiskers spontaneously grew from the NdSn3 intermetallic compound(IMC) after exposure to ambient conditions.One such fine tin whisker with a diameter of about 600 nm was observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM).The results showed the whisker was a perfect β-Sn single-crystal without dislocations or low angle grain boundaries.The whisker growth axis was calculated as [111].There were interference fringes in the bright-field image of the tin whisker,which reflected the existence of growth stress in the whisker.A 15-18 nm native tin-oxide film on the tin whisker containing many crystal defects was also found.The new results are helpful in understanding the tin whisker growth mechanism.

Plasma density evolution in plasma opening switch obtained by a time-resolved sensitive He-Ne interferometer

To understand the formation process of vacuum gap in coaxial microsecond conduction time plasma opening switch(POS),we have made measurements of the line-integrated plasma density during switch operation using a time-resolved sensitive He-Ne interferometer.The conduction current and conduction time in experiments are about 120 kA and 1 s,respectively.As a result,more than 85%of conduction current has been transferred to an inductive load with rise time of 130 ns.The radial dependence of the density is measured by changing the radial location of the line-of-sight for shots with the same nominal POS parameters.During the conduction phase,the line-integrated plasma density in POS increases at all radial locations over the gun-only case by further ionization of material injected from the guns.The current conduction is observed to cause a radial redistribution of the switch plasma.A vacuum gap forms rapidly in the plasma at 5.5 mm from the center conductor,which is consistent with the location where magnetic pressure is the largest,allowing current to be transferred from the POS to the load.