三维水翼初始梢涡空泡数的尺度效应

针对梢涡流场和初始梢涡空泡数的尺度效应问题,利用大涡模拟(LES)湍流模型对三维水翼的梢涡流场流速进行模拟计算;为减少误差,对梢涡流域网格进行了局部加密处理,对未发生空化时梢涡内的轴向速度和切向速度进行计算.结果表明,LES湍流模型的流场流速计算结果与实验值吻合较好.同时,介绍了经典初始梢涡空泡数尺度效应公式的推导过程,并利用数值计算的速度环量和涡核半径修正尺度效应公式.

纵向涡发生器排数对三维喷动床内气-固两相流动影响数值模拟

为了研究纵向涡流对柱锥体喷动床内颗粒横向混合规律的影响,采用双流体模型对带纵向涡发生器喷动床内的气-固两相流动规律进行了数值模拟,分析了纵向涡流效应及纵向涡发生器排数(1~3排)对喷动床内颗粒相运动规律的影响。结果表明,纵向涡流能够有效地增加喷动床内近环隙区域颗粒的体积分数,使得颗粒沿径向分布更加均匀。其中2排纵向涡发生器能够使喷动床内整体颗粒体积分数沿径向分布实现最均匀状态。纵向涡流能够有效增加喷动床内颗粒的径向速度,强化气体、颗粒的横向混合,进而有效地降低了颗粒拟温度。

涡旋压缩机几何模型研究

讨论了涡旋压缩机的几何参数,给出了任意圈涡旋压缩机涡圈圈数的明确定义和封闭工作腔对数的概念;在分析计算开始排气时的主轴转角的基础上,推导出压缩机从吸气开始到排气结束这一循环过程的几何容积计算公式。根据压缩机实际排气孔口结构,利用计算机绘图和曲线拟合的方法对排气过程的流通截面积进行了分析,得出了4个流通截面积以及排气孔口有效流通截面积随压缩机主轴转角的变化规律,为分析研究排气过程的流动损失奠定基础。

水平轴风力机多涡格升力面涡尾迹法的研究

针对NREL Phase VI实验双叶片水平轴风力机,采用基于多涡格升力面的自由尾迹法模拟其低风速及高风速气动性能。由于高风速失速延迟导致尾缘分离滞后,建立Kirchhoff-Helmholz尾缘分离预估模型与Du-Selig失速延迟模型耦合的三维尾缘分离预估模型。计算低风速及高风速不同的偏航角工况,对比分析不同涡格数对模拟结果的影响。研究结果表明:涡格数对低风速工况影响甚小,对高风速影响很大,且采用两涡格的三维尾缘分离预估模型对法向力系数和弦向力系数的模拟最为精确。

导管螺旋桨不同桨叶的叶梢泄露涡分析

为了深入探讨叶梢泄露涡的流动机理,研究了导管螺旋桨中桨叶螺距比与盘面比对叶梢泄露涡的影响,以及不同桨叶中叶梢泄露涡、叶梢负荷与叶梢泄露流三者之间的关联.采用数值方法对不同桨叶的导管螺旋桨流场进行了模拟分析.结果表明:当螺距比增大,叶梢泄露涡逐渐远离桨叶吸力面,涡核空化数降低;当盘面比增大,叶梢泄露涡的轨迹基本不变化,涡核空化数提高;叶梢泄露流通过与叶梢泄露涡之间的流动剪切作用影响叶梢泄露涡的发展;叶梢泄露流流速受到叶梢负荷的影响,负荷越高的位置,叶梢泄露流的速度也越高.

高原涡的变化特征分析

利用林志强再分析资料,对高原涡频数进行日变化特征分析,得到以下几点结论:高原涡生成最多的时刻为世界时 12 时与世界时 18 时,总占比 72.36%;高原涡消散最多的时刻为世界时 00 时与世界时 06 时,总占比为 63.49%。生成频数最多的世界时 12 时,高原涡主要生成源地为 32.5° N ~ 35° N、80° E ~ 90° E,我国西藏北部地区尤为高原涡生成尤为集中。

Determination of wax pattern die profile for investment casting of turbine blades

In order to conform to dimensional tolerances, an efficient numerical method, displacement iterative compensation method, based on finite element methodology （FEM） was presented for the wax pattern die profile design of turbine blades. Casting shrinkages at different positions of the blade which was considered nonlinear thermo-mechanical casting deformations were calculated. Based on the displacement iterative compensation method proposed, the optimized wax pattern die profile can be established. For a A356 alloy blade, substantial reduction in dimensional and shape tolerances was achieved with the developed die shape optimization system. Numerical simulation result obtained by the proposed method shows a good agreement with the result measured experimentally. After four times iterations, compared with the CAD model of turbine blade, the total form error decreases to 0.001 978 mm from the orevious 0.515 815 mm.

Numerical simulation of heat transfer enhancement by strip-coil-baffles in tube-bundle for a tube-shell heat exchanger

A novel strip-coil-baffle structure used to enhance heat transfer and support the tube bundle for a tube-shell heat exchanger is proposed. The new structure can sleeve the tubes in bundle alternatively to create a vortex flow in a heat exchanger. The numerical simulation on the flow and heat transfer characteristics for this new structure heat exchanger is conducted. The computational domain consists of two strip-coil sleeved tubes and two bare tubes oppositely placed at each comer of a square. The velocity and temperature fields in such strip-coil-baffled channel are simulated using FLUENT software. The effects of the strip-coil-baffles on heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance in relation to the Reynolds number are analyzed. The results show that this new structure bundle can enhance the heat transfer coefficient up to a range of 40% to 55% in comparison with a bare tube bundle; meanwhile, higher flow resistance is also accompanied. It is believe that the strip-coil- baffled heat exchanger should have promising applications in many industry fields.

VIBRATION NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF COUNTER-ROTATING TURBINE WITH WAKE-FLOW USING FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION METHOD

The design of counter-rotating turbine is one of new techniques to improve the thrust-weight ratio of jet propulsion engines.Numerical analysis of a low pressure（LP）counter-rotating turbine rotor blade is presented by using ANSYS/CFX software.Interaction of aerodynamics and solid mechanics coupling in the computation is applied.In some rating of turbine,stress distribution and vibration characteristics of low pressure turbine（LPT）blade are computed.The wake aerodynamic forces and LPT blade vibration are transformed in frequency domain using fast Fourier transform（FFT）method.The results show that under wake aerodynamic force excitation,the first order modal vibration is more easily aroused and the higher order response cannot be ignored.Moreover,with different temperature fields,the vibration responses of blade are also different.

STUDY ON TURBULENT SPOTS IN PLANE COUETTE FLOW

Turbulent spots play a key role in the formation of the turbulence and the transition. The generation and evolution of turbulent spots using the wall impulse model in the plane Couette flow are studied by direct numerical simulation of Navier-Stokes equations. A group of three-dimensional coupling compact difference schemes with high accuracy and high resolution is used in the numerical calculation. The important characteristics of turbulent spots based on the results of examples are analyzed, including the formation of random pulse, the generation of Reynolds stress, the growth of disturbance amplitude, and the continuous change of spot shape, especially the complex evolution process of the streamwise vortices. Computational results confirm that basic properties of turbulent spots in the laminar flow are similar to those in the turbulent flow.

Numerical prediction of vortex flow and thermal separation in a subsonic vortex tube

This work was aimed at gaining understanding of the physical behaviours of the flow and temperature separation process in a vortex tube. To investigate the cold mass fraction’s effect on the temperature separation, the numerical calculation was carried out using an algebraic Reynolds stress model (ASM) and the standard k-ε model. The modelling of turbulence of com-pressible, complex flows used in the simulation is discussed. Emphasis is given to the derivation of the ASM for 2D axisymmet-rical flows, particularly to the model constants in the algebraic Reynolds stress equations. The TEFESS code, based on a staggered Finite Volume approach with the standard k-ε model and first-order numerical schemes, was used to carry out all the computations. The predicted results for strongly swirling turbulent compressible flow in a vortex tube suggested that the use of the ASM leads to better agreement between the numerical results and experimental data, while the k-ε model cannot capture the stabilizing effect of the swirl.

Fractal Uniform Circular Arrays Based Multi-Orbital-Angular-Momentum-Mode Multiplexing Vortex Radio MIMO

A radio wave driven by Orbital angular momentum(OAM) is called a vortex radio and has a helical wavefront. The differential helical wavefronts of several vortex radios are closely related to their topological charges or mode numbers. In physics, two or more radio waves with different mode numbers are orthogonal to their azimuth angles. With the development of radio communication technologies, some researchers have been exploring the OAM-based multi-mode multiplexing(multi-OAM-mode multiplexing) technologies in order to enhance the channel spectrum efficiency(SE) of a radio communication system by using the orthogonal properties of vortex radios. After reviewing the reported researches of OAM-based radio communication, we find that some breakthroughs have been made in the combination of OAM and traditional Multi-Input-Multi-Output(MIMO). However, the existing technology is not sufficient to support OAM-based MIMO system to achieve maximum the channel SE. To maximize the spectrum efficiency of OAM-based MIMO system, we present a reused multi-OAM-mode multiplexing vortex radio(RMMVR) MIMO system, which is based on fractal uniform cir-cular arrays(UCAs). The scheme described in this study can effectively combine multiOAM-mode multiplexing with MIMO spatial multiplexing. First, we present the generation of RMMVR MIMO signals. Second, under line-of-sight(LOS) propagation conditions, we derive the channels of the RMMVR MIMO system. Third, we separate the RMMVR MIMO signals using an orthogonal separation method based on full azimuth sampling. Finally, we introduce the method for calculating the channel capacity of the RMMVR MIMO system. Theoretical analysis shows that the scheme proposed in this study is feasible. Moreover, the simulation results show that spatial and mode diversity are obtained by exploiting fractal UCAs. However, to enhance the channel SE of RMMVR MIMO system, an interference cancellation method needs to be introduced for zero-mode vortex radios, and some methods of multi-OAM-mode beams convergence and mode power optimization strategy should be introduced in the future.

Effect of car-body lower-center rolling on aerodynamic performance of a high-speed train

The interaction between the car-body vibration and aerodynamic performance of the train becomes more prominent motivated by the vehicle’s light-weighting design.To address this topic,this study firstly analyzes the posture characteristics of the car-body based on the previous full-scale test results.And then the aerodynamic performance under different vibration cases(different car-body roll angles)is studied with an improved delayed detached eddy simulation(IDDES).The results revealed that car-body rolling had a significant impact on the aerodynamic behavior of bogies,which significantly increased the lateral force and yaw moment of a bogie and further may have aggravated the operational instability of the train.The unbalanced distribution of the longitudinal pressure on both sides of the bogie caused by the car-body rolling motion was the primary cause for the bogie yaw moment increase.The tail vortex of the train was also affected by the car-body rolling,resulting in vertical jitter.

Impeller modeling and analysis based on UG NX/KF and Fluent

Parametric modeling of the impeller which drove a small wind device was built by knowledge fusion technology.NACA2410 airfoil blade was created by KF language.Using technology of UG/KF secondary development for the automatic modeling of wind turbine blade,the program can read in the airfoil data files automatically and the impeller model entity can be generated automatically.In order to modify the model,the aerodynamic characteristics of the impeller were analyzed for getting aerodynamic parameters by Fluent.The maximum force torch and best parameters of impeller were calculated.A physical prototype impeller was manufactured and the correctness of the design was verified,and the error of force torch between simulation and experimental results is about 10%.Parameterization design of the impeller model greatly improves the efficiency of modeling and flexibility of the CAD system.

Parametric geometry representations for wind turbine blade shapes

Based on the Joukowsky transformation and Theodorsen method, a novel parametric function （shape function） for wind turbine airfoils has been developed. The airfoil design space and shape control equations also have been studied. Results of the analysis of a typical wind turbine airfoil are shown to illustrate the evaluation process and to demonstrate the rate of convergence of the geometric characteristics. The coordinates and aerodynamic performance of approximate airfoils is rapidly close to the baseline airfoil corresponding to increasing orders of polynomial. Comparison of the RFOIL prediction and experimental results for the baseline airfoil generally show good agreement. A universal method for three-dimensional blade integration-＂ Shape function/Distribution function＂ is presented. By changing the parameters of shape function and distribution functions, a three dimensional blade can be designed and then transformed into the physical space in which the actual geometry is defined. Application of this method to a wind turbine blade is presented and the differences of power performance between the represented blade and original one are less than 0. 5%. This method is particularly simple and convenient for bodies of streamline forms.

Fatigue Life Assessment of Top Tensioned Risers Under Vortex-Induced Vibrations

The fatigue life of top tensioned risers under vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) with consideration of the effect of internal flowing fluid on the riser is analyzed in the time domain.The long-term stress histories of the riser under VIVs are calculated and the mean stresses,the number of stress cycles and amplitudes are determined by the rainflow counting method.The Palmgren-Miner rule for cumulative damage theory with a specified S-N curve is used to estimate the fatigue life of the riser.The corresponding numerical programs numerical simulation of vortex-induced vibrations (NSVIV) which can be used to calculate the VIV response and fatigue life of the riser are compiled.Finally the influences of the riser's parameters such as flexural rigidity,top tension and internal flow velocity on the fatigue life of the riser are analyzed in detail and some conclusions are drawn.

Performance Analysis and Design of Vertical Axis Tidal Stream Turbine

This study numerically analyzes the unsteady flow around the Darrieus-type turbine by using FLUENT and deals with the application to the design of blades. Two kinds of blade sections were used in this study. Unsteady RANS equation and the turbulence model, either k-e or k-co model, which are appropriate for each blade section, were employed. First for the NACA 634-021 blade that the experimental data is available, the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional numerical analyses have been performed and compared with the experimental result. For the optimization of the turbine, the parametric study has been performed to check the performance in accordance with the changes in the number of blades, solidity and camber. It is demonstrated that the present approach could draw the turbine characteristics better in performance than the existing turbine. Next for the NACA 653-018 blade with the high lift-drag ratio from the purpose of developing highly-efficient turbine, this study has also tried to get the highly efficient turbine specifications by analyzing the performance while using 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional numerical analyses and the result was verified through the experiment. According to the present study, it is concluded that the 3-dimensional numerical analysis has simulated the experimental values relatively well and also, the 2-dimensional analysis can be a useful tool in the parametric study for the turbine design.

Large Eddy Simulation of Liquid Flow in a Stirred Tank with Improved Inner-Outer Iterative Algorithm

In this study, the large eddy simulation technique was applied on the flow in a baffled stirred tank driven by a Rushton turbine at Re=29000. The interaction between the rotating impeller and the static baffles was accounted for by means of the improved inner-outer iterative algorithm. The sub-grid scale model was a conventional Smagorinsky model. The numerical solution of the governing equations was conducted in a cylindrical staggered grid. The momentum and the continuity equations were discretized using the finite difference method, with a third-order QUICK scheme used for convective terms. The phase-resolved predictions were compared with the experimental data of Wu and Patterson and good agreement was observed for both the mean and the turbulence quantities. They were much better than the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes model including the Reynolds Stress Model for simulating the turbulence. The study also suggests the feasibility of LES in combination with the improved inner-outer iterative algorithm for the simulation of turbulent flow in stirred tanks.

A Numerical Study of Vortex and Precipitating Cloud Merging in Middle Latitudes

We mainly focus on the study of precipitating cloud merging associated with vortex merging. The vortex and precipitating cloud merging are simulated by the cloud resolving model from 0000 21 to 1800 23 July 2003. The results show that the model well simulates vortex circulation associated with precipitating clouds. It is also proven that the vortex merging follows the precipitating cloud merging although vortices show the spatial and temporal differences. The convection vorticity vector is introduced to describe the merging processes. Two merging cases are identified during the 42-h simulation and are studied.

Numerical Simulation of Wintertime Mesoscale Eddies in the East China Sea

A POM based three dimension baroclinic prognostic model in σ coordinate was established to simulate the eddies in the East China Seas wintertime circulation, considering the topography, inflow and outflow on the open boundary, Changjiang runoff, heat, flux, and wind stress on the sea surface. The model results showed that three branches separate from the Kuroshio flow toward the interior of the Yellow Sea, and form three eddies respectively. The middle eddy is centered at 124°37′E,37°00′N,the southern eddy is centered at 124°00′E,35°30′N. The large cyclonic eddy centered at 125°06′E,30°30′N and located southwest of Cheju Island is a closed structure formed by the northeastward flowing Taiwan Warm Current, northwestward flowing Yellow Sea Warm Current and southward flowing coastal current. The Kuroshio intrusion engenders an eddy west of Kyushu Island of Japan. The branching of the Kuroshio is the direct dynamic cause of the formation of this large eddy. Moreover, both the topographic influence and the northward wind prevailing in winter affect the eddy’s formation obviously.