纵向涡发生器设计参数对喷动床内颗粒两相流动影响实验研究

将球体纵向涡流发生器引入喷动床内,采用粒子图像测速技术研究了在内径152 mm的喷动床内颗粒密度及纵向涡流发生器排数(单排、双排及三排)对喷动床内喷射区及环隙区颗粒相径向速度的影响。结果表明:在喷动床稳定喷动范围内,颗粒密度越小纵向涡流对颗粒相径向运动的强化效果越佳。纵向涡发生器对喷动床内颗粒运动强化存在空间分布的不均匀性,在喷动床有限的空间范围内,存在最佳的静床层高度使得纵向涡流发生器对颗粒径向运动的强化效果达到最佳。整体而言,单排及双排纵向涡流发生器对喷动床内颗粒径向速度的强化效果最佳,随着静床层高度的增加,多排纵向涡流发生器对喷射区颗粒径向速度影响逐渐减小,而对环隙区颗粒径向速度的影响逐渐增大。

船用柴油机燃烧室结构分析

为探索不同燃烧室结构对大缸径船用柴油机燃烧和排放的影响,基于原机燃烧室,新设计了6种不同形状的燃烧室,采用AVL Fire软件建立燃烧室仿真模型,并结合涡流数和均匀系数来对缸内流动、混合和燃烧过程进行数值模拟分析。结果表明:燃烧室直径和凹坑深度等参数会对缸内流动产生很大影响,凹坑深度较大的缩口燃烧室能产生较强的涡流从而改善燃烧,而浅坑的开口燃烧室的缸内燃烧状况较差。同时发现,只有在缸内涡流和湍动能都较大的情况下才能使燃烧更充分。从发动机性能和排放结果来看,缩口燃烧室G1的功率输出增加4.6%,排放与原机基本持平;直口燃烧室G4在略低于原机的功率输出下,NO_x排放降低43.3%;开口燃烧室的做功能力较差。

VIBRATION NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF COUNTER-ROTATING TURBINE WITH WAKE-FLOW USING FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION METHOD

The design of counter-rotating turbine is one of new techniques to improve the thrust-weight ratio of jet propulsion engines.Numerical analysis of a low pressure（LP）counter-rotating turbine rotor blade is presented by using ANSYS/CFX software.Interaction of aerodynamics and solid mechanics coupling in the computation is applied.In some rating of turbine,stress distribution and vibration characteristics of low pressure turbine（LPT）blade are computed.The wake aerodynamic forces and LPT blade vibration are transformed in frequency domain using fast Fourier transform（FFT）method.The results show that under wake aerodynamic force excitation,the first order modal vibration is more easily aroused and the higher order response cannot be ignored.Moreover,with different temperature fields,the vibration responses of blade are also different.

STUDY ON TURBULENT SPOTS IN PLANE COUETTE FLOW

Turbulent spots play a key role in the formation of the turbulence and the transition. The generation and evolution of turbulent spots using the wall impulse model in the plane Couette flow are studied by direct numerical simulation of Navier-Stokes equations. A group of three-dimensional coupling compact difference schemes with high accuracy and high resolution is used in the numerical calculation. The important characteristics of turbulent spots based on the results of examples are analyzed, including the formation of random pulse, the generation of Reynolds stress, the growth of disturbance amplitude, and the continuous change of spot shape, especially the complex evolution process of the streamwise vortices. Computational results confirm that basic properties of turbulent spots in the laminar flow are similar to those in the turbulent flow.

Numerical simulation of heat transfer enhancement by strip-coil-baffles in tube-bundle for a tube-shell heat exchanger

A novel strip-coil-baffle structure used to enhance heat transfer and support the tube bundle for a tube-shell heat exchanger is proposed. The new structure can sleeve the tubes in bundle alternatively to create a vortex flow in a heat exchanger. The numerical simulation on the flow and heat transfer characteristics for this new structure heat exchanger is conducted. The computational domain consists of two strip-coil sleeved tubes and two bare tubes oppositely placed at each comer of a square. The velocity and temperature fields in such strip-coil-baffled channel are simulated using FLUENT software. The effects of the strip-coil-baffles on heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance in relation to the Reynolds number are analyzed. The results show that this new structure bundle can enhance the heat transfer coefficient up to a range of 40% to 55% in comparison with a bare tube bundle; meanwhile, higher flow resistance is also accompanied. It is believe that the strip-coil- baffled heat exchanger should have promising applications in many industry fields.

Numerical prediction of vortex flow and thermal separation in a subsonic vortex tube

This work was aimed at gaining understanding of the physical behaviours of the flow and temperature separation process in a vortex tube. To investigate the cold mass fraction’s effect on the temperature separation, the numerical calculation was carried out using an algebraic Reynolds stress model (ASM) and the standard k-ε model. The modelling of turbulence of com-pressible, complex flows used in the simulation is discussed. Emphasis is given to the derivation of the ASM for 2D axisymmet-rical flows, particularly to the model constants in the algebraic Reynolds stress equations. The TEFESS code, based on a staggered Finite Volume approach with the standard k-ε model and first-order numerical schemes, was used to carry out all the computations. The predicted results for strongly swirling turbulent compressible flow in a vortex tube suggested that the use of the ASM leads to better agreement between the numerical results and experimental data, while the k-ε model cannot capture the stabilizing effect of the swirl.

Numerical Study on Flow-induced Noise for a Steam Stop-valve Using Large Eddy Simulation

The noise induced by the fluctuant saturated steam flow under 250 °C in a stop-valve was numerically studied.The simulation was carried out using computational fluid dynamics（CFD） and ACTRAN.The acoustic field was investigated with Lighthill＇s acoustic analogy based on the properties of the flow field obtained using a large-eddy simulation that employs the LES-WALE dynamic model as the sub-grid-scale model.Firstly,the validation of mesh was well conducted,illustrating that two million elements were sufficient in this situation.Secondly,the treatment of the steam was deliberated,and conclusions indicate that when predicting the flow-induced noise of the stop-valve,the steam can be treated as incompressible gas at a low inlet velocity.Thirdly,the flow-induced noises under different inlet velocities were compared.The findings reveal it has remarkable influence on the flow-induced noises.Lastly,whether or not the heat preservation of the wall has influence on the noise was taken into account.The results show that heat preservation of the wall had little influence.

Numerical investigations on HCCI engine with increased induction induced swirl and engine speed

Homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) mode of combustion is popularly known for achieving simultaneous reduction of NOx as well as soot emissions as it combines the compression ignition(CI) and spark ignition(SI) engine features. In this work, a CI engine was simulated to work in HCCI mode and was analyzed to study the effect of induction induced swirl under varying speeds using three-zone extended coherent flame combustion model(ECFM-3Z, compression ignition) of STAR-CD. The analysis was done considering speed ranging from 800 to 1600 r/min and swirl ratios from 1 to 4. The present study reveals that ECFM-3Z model has well predicted the performance and emissions of CI engine in HCCI mode. The simulation predicts reduced in-cylinder pressures, temperatures, wall heat transfer losses, and piston work with increase in swirl ratio irrespective of engine speed. Also, simultaneous reduction in CO2 and NOx emissions is realized with higher engine speeds and swirl ratios. Low speeds and swirl ratios are favorable for low CO2 emissions. It is observed that increase in engine speed causes a marginal reduction in in-cylinder pressures and temperatures. Also, higher turbulent energy and velocity magnitude levels are obtained with increase in swirl ratio, indicating efficient combustion necessitating no modifications in combustion chamber design. The investigations reveal a total decrease of 38.68% in CO2 emissions and 12.93% in NOx emissions when the engine speed increases from 800 to 1600 r/min at swirl ratio of 4. Also an increase of 14.16% in net work done is obtained with engine speed increasing from 800 to 1600 r/min at swirl ratio of 1. The simulation indicates that there is a tradeoff observed between the emissions and piston work. It is finally concluded that the HCCI combustion can be regarded as low temperature combustion as there is significant decrease in in-cylinder temperatures and pressures at higher speeds and higher swirl ratios.

Performance Analysis and Design of Vertical Axis Tidal Stream Turbine

This study numerically analyzes the unsteady flow around the Darrieus-type turbine by using FLUENT and deals with the application to the design of blades. Two kinds of blade sections were used in this study. Unsteady RANS equation and the turbulence model, either k-e or k-co model, which are appropriate for each blade section, were employed. First for the NACA 634-021 blade that the experimental data is available, the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional numerical analyses have been performed and compared with the experimental result. For the optimization of the turbine, the parametric study has been performed to check the performance in accordance with the changes in the number of blades, solidity and camber. It is demonstrated that the present approach could draw the turbine characteristics better in performance than the existing turbine. Next for the NACA 653-018 blade with the high lift-drag ratio from the purpose of developing highly-efficient turbine, this study has also tried to get the highly efficient turbine specifications by analyzing the performance while using 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional numerical analyses and the result was verified through the experiment. According to the present study, it is concluded that the 3-dimensional numerical analysis has simulated the experimental values relatively well and also, the 2-dimensional analysis can be a useful tool in the parametric study for the turbine design.

Numerical Simulation of Laminar Flow Field in a Stirred Tank

Stirred tanks are used extensively in process industry and one of the most commonly used impellers in stirred tanks is the R.ushton disk turbine. Surprisingly few data are available regarding flow and mixing in stirred-tank reactors with Rushton turbine in the laminar regime, in particular the laminar flow in baffled tanks.In this paper, the laminar flow field in a baffled tank stirred by a standard R.ushton turbine is simulated with the improved inner-outer iterative method. The non-inertial coordinate system is used for the impeller region, which is in turn used as the boundary conditions for iteration. It is found that the simulation results are in good agreement with previous experiments. In addition, the flow number and impeller power number calculated from the simulated flow field are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. This numerical method allows prediction of flow structure requiring no experimental data as the boundary conditions and has the potential of being used to scale-up and design of related process equipment.

Vortex of Fluid Field as Viewed from Curvature

The vortex is a common phenomenon in fluid field. In this paper, vortex can be represented by curvature c, which varies with arc length s. The variance of point (x, y) with arc length in stream line satisfies a 2-order variablecoefficient linear ordinary differential equation. The type vortex can be analyzed qualitatively by this ordinary differential equation.

Parameter identification of internal wave and mesoscale eddy

A simplified parameter identification algorithm for the inverse refractive indexes of the mesoscale eddy and the internal wave in the ocean is proposed by researching into the incident field and the scattered field that comprise the total field of a wave in the ocean, considering that the total field and the incident field satisfy the Helmholtz equations and the scattered field conforms to the Sommerfield radiation condition. Two examples for the calculation of refractive index and inverse refractive index respectively of the mesoscale eddy and the internal wave demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm.

Exact solutions for different vorticity functions of couple stress fluids

In this paper, inverse solutions are obtained for the class of 2D steady incompressible couple stress fluid flows. This class consists of flows for which the vorticity distribution is given by ▽2ψ=ψ+f(x,y). The solutions are obtained by applying the inverse method, which makes certain hypotheses regarding the form of the velocity field and pressure but without making any regarding the boundaries of the domain occupied by the fluid. Inverse solutions are derived for three different forms of f(x,y).

Numerical investigation of confined swirling gas-solid two phase jet

This paper presents a \%k\|ε\|k\-p\% multi\|fluid model for simulating confined swirling gas\|solid two phase jet comprised of particle\|laden flow from a center tube and a swirling air stream entering the test section from the coaxial annular. A series of numerical simulations of the two\|phase flow of 30 μm, 45 μm, 60 μm diameter particles respectively yielded results fitting well with published experimental data.

Fatigue Life Assessment of Top Tensioned Risers Under Vortex-Induced Vibrations

The fatigue life of top tensioned risers under vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) with consideration of the effect of internal flowing fluid on the riser is analyzed in the time domain.The long-term stress histories of the riser under VIVs are calculated and the mean stresses,the number of stress cycles and amplitudes are determined by the rainflow counting method.The Palmgren-Miner rule for cumulative damage theory with a specified S-N curve is used to estimate the fatigue life of the riser.The corresponding numerical programs numerical simulation of vortex-induced vibrations (NSVIV) which can be used to calculate the VIV response and fatigue life of the riser are compiled.Finally the influences of the riser's parameters such as flexural rigidity,top tension and internal flow velocity on the fatigue life of the riser are analyzed in detail and some conclusions are drawn.

Effects of Bulbous Bow on Cross-Flow Vortex Structures Around a Streamlined Submersible Body at Intermediate Pitch Maneuver： A Numerical Investigation

A flow field around a streamlined body at an intermediate angle of incidence is dominated by cross-flow separation and vortical flow fields. The separated flow leads to a pair of vortices on the leeside of the body; therefore, it is essential to accurately determine this pair and estimate its size and location. This study utilizes the element-based finite volume method based on RANS equations to compute a 3D axisymmetric flow around a SUBOFF bare submarined hull. Cross-flow vortex structures are then numerically simulated and compared for a submarine with SUBOFF and DRDC STR bows. Computed results of pressure and shear stress distribution on the hull surface and the strength and locations of the vortex structures are presented at an intermediate incidence angle of 20°. A wind tunnel experiment is also conducted to experimentally visualize the vortex structures and measure their core locations. These experimental results are compared with the numerical data, and a good agreement is found.

CFD-Based Numerical Analysis of a Variable Cross-Section Cylinder

Using ANSYS-CFX, a general purpose fluid dynamics program, the vortex-induced vibration(VIV) of a variable cross-section cylinder is simulated under uniform current with high Reynolds numbers. Large eddy simulation(LES) is conducted for studying the fluid-structure interaction. The vortex shedding in the wake, the motion trajectories of a cylinder, the variation of drag and lift forces on the cylinder are analyzed. The results show that the vortices of variable cross-section cylinder are chaotic and are varying along the cylinder. In places where cross-sections are changing significantly, the vortices are more irregular. The motion trail of the cylinder is almost the same but irregular. The drag and lift coefficients of the cylinder are varying with the changes of diameters.

Three-Dimensional Numerical Investigation of the Separation Process in a Vortex Tube at Different Operating Conditions

Air separators provide safe, clean, and appropriate air flow to engines and are widely used in vehicles with large engines such as ships and submarines. In this operational study, the separation process in a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube cleaning （cooling） system is investigated to analyze the impact of the operating gas type on the vortex tube performance; the operating gases used are air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The computational fluid dynamic model used is equipped with a three-dimensional structure, and the steady-state condition is applied during computations. The standard k-c turbulence model is employed to resolve nonlinear flow equations, and various key parameters, such as hot and cold exhaust thermal drops, and power separation rates, are described numerically. The results show that nitrogen dioxide creates the greatest separation power out of all gases tested, and the numerical results are validated by good agreement with available experimental data. In addition, a comparison is made between the use of two different boundary conditions, the pressure-far-field and the pressure-outlet, when analyzing complex turbulent flows in the air separators. Results present a comprehensive and practical solution for use in future numerical studies.

Numerical Study of Forced Convection Lid-Driven Cavity Flows Using LES （Large Eddy Simulation）

This study presents the LES （large eddy simulation） of forced convection in laminar and two dimensional turbulent flows when the flow reaches the steady state. The main purpose is the evaluation of a developed numerical methodology for the simulation of forced convection flows at various Reynolds numbers （100 _〈 Rex 〈_ 10,000） and for a fixed Prandtl number （Pr = 1.0）. The hexahedral eight-node FEM （finite element method） with an explicit Taylor-Galerkin scheme is used to obtain the numerical solutions of the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy. The Smagorinsky model is employed for the sub-grid treatment. The time-averaged velocity and temperature profiles are compared with results of literature and a CFD （computational fluid dynamics） package based on finite volume method, leading to a highest deviation of nearly 6%. Moreover, characteristics of the forced convection flows are properly obtained, e.g., the effect of the Reynolds number over the multiplicity of scales.

Effect of Impeller Geometry and Tongue Shape on the Flow Field of Cross Flow Fans

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of impeller geometry and tongue shape on the flow field of cross flow fans.Three impellers(Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ）having same outer diameter,but different radius ratio and blade angles were employed for the investigation.Each impeller was tested with two tongue shapes.Flow survey was carried out for each impeller and tongue shape at two flow coefficients.and for each flow coefficient at different circumferential positions.The flow is two-dimensional along the blade span except near the shrouds.The total pressure developed by the impellers in each case is found to be maximum at a circumferential position of around 270°.The total and static pressures at the inlet of impellers are more or less same regardless of impeller and tongue geometry,but they vary considerably at exit of the impellers.Impeller Ⅲ with tongue T2 develops higher total pressure and efficiency where as impeller Ⅱ with tongue T2 develops minimum total pressure.Higher diffusion and smaller vortex size are the reasons for better performance of impeller Ⅲwith tongue T2。