霍尼韦尔凭新一代汽油DualBoost^(TM)涡轮增压技术助车队再创辉煌

近日,汽车涡轮增压器供应商,霍尼韦尔交通系统在2015年法国勒芒24小时耐力赛上凭借新一代汽油DualBoostTM涡轮增压技术,帮助保时捷车队创造获胜记录。这也是霍尼韦尔连续16年为"勒芒之王"提供增压技术。在今年的勒芒24小时耐力赛上,霍尼韦尔帮助保时捷919混合动力赛车与多次夺冠的奥迪R18

涡轮转子内动态燃烧模型机理探讨

为探寻高压涡轮转子内应用射流涡流方案对原涡轮转子性能的影响,采用原高压涡轮转子模型(model-B1)和应用射流涡流方案的高压涡轮转子模型(model-B2和model-B3)两个大类进行研究,其中model-B2和model-B3用于对比分析涡轮转子叶片上有无径向凹腔对原涡轮转子性能的影响。数值模拟过程中,应用了基于压力的隐式稳态求解器,以及尺度适应模拟湍流模型(SAS)。结果表明:在涡轮转子内应用射流涡流方案,主流通道内的温度分布十分均匀,涡轮转子叶片进出口截面处的平均温度基本相等;涡轮转子叶片带径向凹腔时,应用射流涡流方案可实现涡轮内的等温燃烧过程;高压涡轮转子叶片的落压比与原涡轮转子叶片的落压比基本相等,射流涡流方案的应用不会对原有涡轮转子叶片的做功能力和做功效果造成影响。

工况变化对涡轮燃烧射流涡流技术方案的影响

选取二次射流流量变化和环境压力变化的工况条件,对涡轮燃烧射流涡流方案的影响进行研究。其中,二次射流流量变化时,环境压力保持101 325 Pa不变;环境压力变化时,二次射流流量保持0.014 kg/s不变。采用基于压力的隐式稳态求解器模拟涡轮内增燃燃烧室的流动与燃烧过程,并在模拟过程中应用尺度适应模拟湍流模型(SAS)。研究表明:随着二次射流流量的增加,射流涡流燃烧室内温度分布均匀化、总压损失增加、燃烧效率提高、污染物降低;随着环境压力的增大,射流涡流燃烧室内温度分布不受影响,但总压损失降低、燃烧效率提高、污染物降低。

应用射流涡流燃烧结构方案的高压涡轮导向器性能分析与研究

采用两大类模型,对应用射流涡流燃烧结构方案的高压涡轮导向器性能进行数值模拟研究。利用基于压力的隐式稳态求解器以及尺度适应模拟湍流模型(SAS),完成了涡轮内增燃燃烧室内的流动与燃烧过程的数值模拟。研究结果表明:无论是在高压涡轮导向器顶部还是在底部耦合驻涡凹腔,对导向器叶间流场形态、流体流动转折角、导向器叶间静压力场的形态以及分布、总压损失均无明显影响,维持了原有导向器的基本性能;高压涡轮导向器耦合射流涡流燃烧结构,增加了涡轮叶片叶间的平均温度以及涡轮导向器出口的平均温度。

Development of Turbocharger for Improving Diesel Engine Matching Performance

The two development ways of turbocharger technology to solve the problem of matching performance with diesel were presented. The ways of waste valve gate turbocharger and variable geometry turbocharger can solve the problem of engine’s low speed torque and achieve lower smoke level. Especially for variable geometry turbocharger, it covers all conditions of engine. It can not only improve the low engine’s speed torque and keep the power performance at high engine speed, but also cover wide engine speed performance that keeps lower fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature in full load and part load matching. The results of theory analysis and experiment research showed that it’s the ideal solution to solve the matching problem of diesel engines.

基于涡轮导向器增燃技术的总体性能与燃烧组织

为了使航空发动机达到高推质比、低燃油消耗率、低污染以及拓宽稳定工作范围的目标,应使用涡轮导向器增燃技术在涡轮导向器叶片间喷油点火再次燃烧,提高涡轮内燃气温度,从而提高发动机的总体性能.阐述了涡轮导向器增燃技术具有提高航空发动机总体性能的潜在优势,分析研究了该技术中组织燃烧的关键技术、参数和机理问题,得出如下结论:①对于射流旋流方案,径向凹槽对燃烧室出口温度分布起决定性作用;降低燃烧凹环内当量比,可提高燃烧效率,从而降低CO,UHC(未燃碳氢化合物),NOx等污染物排放量.②当二次气流角为60°时,射流涡流方案各项燃烧性能较好.

雷沃FR220D型履带式液压挖掘机

产品亮点独有的EDS智能控制技术,作业效率更高。配置原装进口发动机,全程调速,采用TDI涡轮增压直喷技术和空一空中冷技术。工作装置铰点经过ADAMS软件优化设计,连接更牢固,设备运动更平稳。履带架采用箱体型大截面X架高强度钢板。搭载雷沃独有的EDS智能控制系统,采用极限功率控制,使发动机与液压系统完美匹配,最大程度地利用了发动机的输出功率,提高了作业效率。液压系统采用"ES+ER"技术,具备智能合流和能量再生利用功能,使工作效率大幅提高。

High-quality aluminum turbocharger impellers produced by thixocasting

The thixocasting process was chosen to produce the impellers as it is capable of producing castings with extremely high internal quality.Slugs cut from the DC cast bars are re-heated to the semi-solid casting temperature, and a specially-designed runner and gating system is used to prevent oxide from the surface of the slugs from becoming incorporated into the impeller.The technology used to produce the semi-solid impellers is described in detail.The semi-solid cast impellers, produced from an Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy, are heat treated to the T6 temper.Results from testing are presented demonstrating that the impellers are free of porosity and other internal defects.Both mechanical property and fatigue data are presented showing that the semi-solid impellers have better properties than impellers produced by conventional casting and similar properties to forged and machined impellers.A short study is also described which identified suitable processing parameters to minimize hot tearing in the complex-shaped turbocharger impellers semi-solid cast from alloy 201.The surfaces of the impellers were examined using penetrant testing, and the results of modifying processing parameters on the propensity for surface cracking are presented.An aging study was performed to identify optimum mechanical strength.

GPP Based Open Cellular Network Towards 5G

Due to 5G's stringent and uncertainty traffic requirements,open ecosystem would be one inevitable way to develop 5G.On the other hand,GPP based mobile communication becomes appealing recently attributed to its striking advantage in flexibility and re-configurability.In this paper,both the advantages and challenges of GPP platform are detailed analyzed.Furthermore,both GPP based software and hardware architectures for open 5G are presented and the performances of real-time signal processing and power consumption are also evaluated.The evaluation results indicate that turbo and power consumption may be another challengeable problem should be further solved to meet the requirements of realistic deployments.

Turbocharging the DA465 gasoline engine

In order to improve performance of the DA465Q gasoline engine, a substantial amount of research was done to optimize its turbocharging system. The research led to the GT12 turbocharger being selected and its turbocharging parameters being settled. Based on these tests, rational matching was worked out for respective components of the turbocharging system. Results show that this turbocharger allows the engine to easily meet the proposed requirements for power and economic performance, giving insight into further performance improvements for gasoline engines.

Study on Calculations of Humidification Tower with Humid Air Turbine Cycle at High Temperature and Pressure

Humidification is an important step in humid air turbine system. The calculation on humidification is carried out at 423.15—573.15K, 5—15MPa. The results suggest that to produce high-enthalpy moist air, high water temperature and large water flow are needed. The water temperature is the most sensitive parameter to the humidification tower. And it is better for the humidification tower to work at temperature higher than 523 K when the system pressure is higher than 5 MPa. The comparison between the model used in this paper and ideal model shows that the ideal model can be used in simulation to simply the calculation when the temperature is lower than 473 K and pressure is lower than 5 MPa.

An Automated Ultrasonic NDT System for In-Situ Inspection of Wind Turbine Blades

It is crucial to maintain wind turbine blades regularly, due to the high stress leading to defects or damage. Conventional methods require shipping the blades to a workshop for off-site inspection, which is extremely time-consuming and very costly. This work investigates the use of pulse-echo ultrasound to detect internal damages in wind turbine blades without the necessity to ship the blades off-site. A prototype 2D ultrasonic NDT （non-destructive testing） system has been developed and optimised for in-situ wind turbine blade inspection. The system is designed to be light weight so it can be easily carried by an inspector onto the wind turbine blade for in-situ inspection. It can be operated in 1D A-scan, 2D C-scan or 3D volume scan. A software system has been developed to control the automated scanning and show the damage areas in a 2D/3D map with different colours so that the inspector can easily identify the defective areas. Experiments on GFRP （glass fibre reinforced plastics） and wind turbine blades （made of GFRP） samples showed that internal defects can be detected. The main advantages of this system are fully automated 2D spatial scanning and the ability to alert the user to the damage of the inspected sample. It is intended to be used for in-situ inspection to save maintenance time and hence considered to be economically beneficial for the wind energy industry.

Investigation of the combustion deterioration of an automotive diesel engine under transient operation

With increasingly stringent emission regulations and demand for fuel economy by the public,the combustion and emission problems of automotive diesel engines during transient operation have become vital and urgent issues.In this study,combustion deterioration has been experimentally analyzed using a heavy-duty turbocharged diesel engine running under transient conditions(constant speed and increasing torque).Optimization of the transient combustion process was performed by adjusting the fuel injection parameters.The results indicated that the notable combustion deterioration relative to steady state operation while transient was a function of the delay in the air-supply to the turbocharged engine,and took the form of combustion phasing delay,resulting in rapidly increasing smoke emission and fuel consumption.However,the delay in combustion phasing can be controlled by advancing the fuel injection timing,effectively increasing thermal efficiency.Unfortunately,smoke and NO x emissions increased at the same time.The deterioration in combustion phasing can also be improved by increasing injection pressure,resulting in decreased smoke emission while NO x emission increased.It is worth noting that the effective thermal efficiency first increased and then decreased as fuel injection pressure increased during transient operation.

A Quasi-One-Dimensional CFD Model for Multistage Turbomachines

The objective of this paper is to present a fast and reliable CFD model that is able to simulate stationary and transient operations of multistage compressors and turbines. This analysis tool is based on an adapted version of the Euler equations solved by a time-marching, finite-volume method. The Euler equations have been extended by including source terms expressing the blade-flow interactions. These source terms are determined using the ve- locity triangles and a row-by-row representation of the blading at mid-span. The losses and deviations undergone by the fluid across each blade row are supplied by correlations. The resulting flow solver is a performance pre- diction tool based only on the machine geometry, offering the possibility of exploring the entire characteristic map of a multistage compressor or turbine. Its efficiency in terms of CPU time makes it possible to couple it to an optimization algorithm or to a gas turbine performance tool. Different test-cases are presented for which the calculated characteristic maps are compared to experimental ones.

Experimental study on the effects of HP and LP EGR on thermal efficiency and emissions of a two-stage turbocharged diesel engine

An experimental study was performed to compare the effects of high-and low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation loops(HP and LP EGR loops)on thermal efficiency and emissions of a diesel engine.Tests were conducted on a 12-L six-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine under various operating conditions.We found that at a low speed of 1100 r/min,1 MPa BMEP,the LP EGR loop could achieve higher brake thermal efficiency and lower emissions than the HP EGR.This is because the lower enthalpy available at the turbine inlet of the HP EGR loop increased the fuel/oxygen equivalence ratio.For the HP EGR,the gross indicated thermal efficiency was reduced by 1%,but pumping losses were only reduced by 0.5%,compared to the LP EGR loop.At a higher speed of 1600 r/min,1 MPa BMEP,the HP EGR loop attained a higher brake thermal efficiency and lower emissions because of the relatively sufficient flow through the turbocharger.For the HP EGR loop,the gross indicated thermal efficiency was only reduced by 0.5%and pumping losses were reduced by 1.5%,compared to the LP EGR loop.Lower fuel consumption and a longer ignition delay made the distribution of fuel/oxygen equivalence ratio more homogeneous,leading to lower emissions.Our data also showed that at the high speed of 1600 r/min,0.55 MPa BMEP,the brake thermal efficiency of the HP EGR loop first increased,then decreased as the EGR rate increased.Therefore,under all conditions,a reasonable match of both EGR loops could achieve a good balance between fuel consumption and emissions of NOx and soot.

Suppression of super-knock in TC-GDI engine using two-stage injection in intake stroke(TSII)

Turbocharging and direct injection are main technologies used for energy-saving gasoline engines. But the biggest challenge is super-knock, whose mechanism is unclear and has no effective strategy to suppress this super-knock until now. The effects of injection strategies on super-knock were experimentally investigated in a turbocharged GDI engine. It was found that two-stage injections during intake stroke （TSII） can eliminate super-knock. Meanwhile, the fuel consumption, emissions and exhaust tem- perature can keep optimized level. By sweeping the start of the 1st injection （SOIl）, end of the 2nd injection （EOI2） and the split injection ratios （ROI2） using 5000 cycles evaluation test at low-speed high load operating point, the optimized injection strategy for the typical TC-GDI engine is TSII with SOIl at middle of intake stroke, EOI2 at end of intake stroke, and ROI2 of 0.3.

Influence of volute distortion on the performance of turbocharger centrifugal compressor with vane diffuser

As the geometry of the volute of turbocharger compressor is non-axisymmetric,it causes a distortion at the outlet of the diffuser and influences the upstream components.A distortion model in which a pressure distortion was applied as outlet boundary condition was established to simulate the distortion induced by the volute.It turned out to be sufficient to impose a circumferentially asymmetric pressure distribution at the outlet of the diffuser to replace the volute.Based on the distortion model which was verified,the influence of the amplitude of the distortion on the performance of centrifugal compressor was studied in detail.The results show that the distortion severely harms aerodynamic stability of the investigated compressor.The larger the amplitude of the distortion,the worse the performance of the compressor.The distortion induced by asymmetric volute propagates to upstream components and causes local flow separation at part of diffuser and impeller,and then causes the compressor surge.When the amplitude of the volute distortion is 10%,the stable flow range of the centrifugal compressor decreases to near zero.To authors’knowledge,the relationship between the compressor performance and distortion amplitude is first obtained quantitatively,which provides evidence to improve the performance of turbocharger compressor by decreasing the distortion induced by asymmetric volute.

A novel experimental method to evaluate the impact of volute's asymmetry on the performance of a high pressure ratio turbocharger compressor

All components of a turbocharger compressor are axisymmetric except for the spiral-shaped,gas-collecting overhung volute.In this paper,a novel experimental method to evaluate the impact of the volute's asymmetry on centrifugal compressor performance is proposed and applied to a high pressure-ratio turbocharger compressor.This method can isolate the impact of the volute's asymmetry on the compressor performance for the first time.Experiments prove the considerable impact of the volute's asymmetry on the compressor performance,especially the stability and efficiency.The impact of the volute's asymmetry on compressor stability correlates with rotational speed and thus with the pressure ratio,constricting the stable flow range by up to 47 percent and decreasing the maximum efficiency by 4.8 percent at the design speed.The results provide evidence to exploit the potential of intrinsic non-axisymmetric flow induced by asymmetric volute to improve the performance of turbocharger compressor with a high pressure ratio.

Study on Rotational Frequency Noise in a Centrifugal Compressor for Automobile Turbochargers

The rotational frequency noise(also known as the pulsation noise) due to the mistuning of impeller blade rows introduced at the manufacturing stage of the impellers is observed in the small-sized centrifugal compressor for automobile turbochargers. The present paper addresses the elucidation of the generating mechanism and parameter dependency such as the kind and degree of mistuning. In order to analyze numerically the rotational frequency noise due to mistuning, the unsteady computational fluid dynamics(CFD) of the whole compressor including volute is executed, and the resultant time history of the pressure is fed into the spectral analysis.

Forced Responses on a Radial Turbine with Nozzle Guide Vanes

Radial turbines with nozzle guide vanes are widely used in various size turbochargers.However,due to the interferences with guide vanes,the blades of impellers are exposed to intense unsteady aerodynamic excitations,which cause blade vibrations and lead to high cycle failures(HCF).Moreover,the harmonic resonance in some frequency regions are unavoidable due to the wide operation conditions.Aiming to achieve a detail insight into vibration characteristics of radial flow turbine,a numerical method based on fluid structure interaction(FSI) is presented.Firstly,the unsteady aerodynamic loads are determined by computational fluid dynamics(CFD).And the fluctuating pressures are transformed from time domain to frequency domain by fast Fourier-transform(FFT).Then,the entire rotor model is adopted to analyze frequencies and mode shapes considering mistuning in finite element(FE) method.Meanwhile,harmonic analyses,applying the pressure fluctuation from CFD,are conducted to investigate the impeller vibration behavior and blade forced response in frequency domain.The prediction of the vibration dynamic stress shows acceptable agreement to the blade actual damage in consistent tendency.