纤维表面湿润性能的研究

本文通过测定几种纤维表面改性处理前后其接触角、表面能、湿润量、湿润过程活化能以及表面组成的变化来评价其处理的效果,并介绍表征方法和讨论影响表面湿润性有关的因素。

人实体瘤肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞的高效扩增及功能评价

目的体外高效扩增肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（ＴＩＬ），为进一步开展基因治疗肿瘤奠定基础。②方法采用机械分离、酶消化和不连续密度梯度离心法分离提取ＴＩＬ前体细胞；以ＩＬ－２作为诱导剂，采用液相三步扩增方法扩增培养，并分别用ＭＴＴ和ＩＦＡ法与对照的自体ＬＡＫ细胞比较细胞动力学。同时对Ｋ５６２细胞和自体肿瘤细胞（ＡＴＣ）进行杀伤试验以及表型检测。③结果从２８例实体瘤组织和肿瘤引流淋巴结中获取的ＴＩＬ前体细胞，２６例培养成功，其中２３例ＴＩＬ数量达到治疗数量级；ＴＩＬ细胞对ＡＴＣ杀伤作用强于自体ＬＡＫ细胞（ｔ＝１１．４，１８．９，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＴＩＬ细胞表型特点为ＣＤ３，ＣＤ４，ＣＤ８淋巴细胞亚群。④结论ＴＩＬ细胞具有高效杀肿瘤细胞作用，ＴＩＬ细胞可作为基因治疗的理想载体细胞。

潮剧原生唱词音声及其影响下的润腔型

潮汕方言是潮剧的唱词音声基础。以方言为基础的原生唱词既有益于戏曲的传播接受,也对润腔方法和润腔形态有关键影响。元音鼻化和长化是潮汕方言的音响特征,给唱词音声本体带来了天然的音响色彩,衍生到其他唱词中,成为固定的润腔方法。元音韵母结构的唱字,依托元音的无阻性,润腔能以奔放自由的形态发展;鼻音韵尾-η的唱字需要解决潮剧高音行腔与韵尾沉重的冲突,由此形成了迂回式润腔形态;塞音韵尾唱字音响有收促性,与非塞音韵尾唱字形成明显的长短对立,对念白风格的诗韵化有关键影响。潮剧润腔属唱腔艺术,解释潮剧润腔却要从唱词音声开始。以潮汕方言为基础的唱词音声与潮剧唱腔共同构成了潮剧声乐中的音乐成分。

Superlubricity behaviors of Nitinol 60 alloy under oil lubrication

The tribological tests were performed using Nitinol 60 alloy pin sliding over GCr15 steel disc in the tribometer system. Four kinds of oils were experimentally investigated as lubrication oils for lubricating Nitinol 60 alloy in the boundary lubrication regime. The experimental results were compared with a reference dry friction. It was found that Nitinol 60 alloy can be lubricated significantly and has shown remarkable lubrication performance. A superlubricity behavior of Nitinol 60 alloy was observed under castor oil lubrication. An ultra-low coefficient of friction of Nitinol 60 alloy about 0.008 between Nitinol 60 alloy and GCr15 steel was obtained under castor oil lubrication condition after a running-in period. Accordingly, the present study is focused on the lubrication behaviors of castor oil as potential lubrication oil for Nitinol 60 alloy. In the presence of castor oil, coefficient of friction is kept at 0.008 at steady state, corresponding to so-called superlubricity regime （when sliding is then approaching pure rolling）. The mechanism of superlubricity is attributed to the triboformed OH-terminated surfaces from friction-induced dissociation of castor oil and the boundary lubrication films formed on the contact surface due to high polarity and long chain of castor oil allowing strong interactions with the lubricated surfaces.

Lubrication properties of Nitinol 60 alloy used as high-speed rolling bearing and numerical simulation of flow pattern of oil-air lubrication

The friction and wear tests were performed using Nitinol 60 alloy pin sliding over GCr15 steel disk in a pin-on-disk tribometer system under PAO oil lubrication conditions. It was found that Nitinol 60 alloy can be lubricated well and has shown remarkable tribological performance. Average coefficient of friction （COF） of Nitinol 60 is 0.6 under dry friction; however, average COF decreases to 0.1 under PAO oil lubrication. SEM image of the worn surface shows that Nitinol 60 exhibits excellent wear resistance and the wear mechanism is mainly adhesive wear. Flow pattern of oil-air flow in oil pipe was simulated by FLUENT software with VOF model for acquiring working performance of oil-air lubrication. The optimum velocity of oil and air at the inlet was achieved, which provides the great proposal for the design of experiment of oil-air lubrication of Nitinol 60 alloy. The simulation results showed that the optimum annular flow of flow pattern was obtained when air velocity is 10 m/s and oil velocity is 0.05 m/s. The formation mechanism of annular flow was also discussed in the present study.

不同试剂盒检测TORCH-IgM的效果探讨

目的：为了进一步探讨临床检测TORCH-IgM的实践过程中，采用不同试剂盒检测的实际效果差异，从而为相关的临床研究提供借鉴和参考。方法选取2011年12月～2012年12月深圳市罗湖区计划生育服务中心获得的相关患者的孕妇血清标本。采用不同试剂盒进行检测，对检测结果进行比较研究。结果（1）当阳性血清标本OD 450值处于临界值时的稀释比例区间，采用两组试剂盒的差异不大，均为1∶160～1∶640；（2）从总体的检测结果上分析，维润赛润试剂盒的批内差异最大为6.22%，平均值为2.83%；而维润赛润试剂盒的批间差异最大为9.32%，平均值为6.65%。整体变化情况介于10%以内，其临床精确度结果是可接受的。结论在临床检测TORCH-IgM的实践过程中，采用维润赛润试剂盒与采用丽珠试剂盒相比较的临床灵敏度差异不大，并且采用维润赛润试剂盒的临床精确度结果属于可接受范围内，维润赛润试剂盒与丽珠试剂盒均可以用于临床TORCH-IgM的检测实践。

EFFECT OF COOLING/LUBRICATION MEDIUM ON MACHINABILITY OF Ti6Al4V

To better understand and know the roles of cooling/lubrication medium in the cutting process and expand their applicability,uncoated cemented carbide tools are used in high-speed turning Ti6Al4V.Dry,cold air,minimal quantity lubrication（MQL）,cryogenic MQL,and ionized air as the cooling/lubrication conditions are studied.Experimental results show that at speed 120 m/min turning Ti6Al4V,the cutting force under ionized air is smallest under all lubricant conditions,and tool life is best,next is cryogenic MQL.MQL and cold air almost have the same effect,a little better than dry.Meanwhile the smallest surface roughness is also obtained under ionized air condition.Flank wear and crater wear are the dominant failure modes when high-speed turning Ti6Al4V by SEM analysis.Finally the conclusion is drawn that ionized air and cryogenic MQL have better cooling/lubrication effects and can effectively improve the tool life.

妈妈办公室的雏菊

下午,我到妈妈办公室写作业。一进妈妈办公室的门,我就看见了办公桌上那一大束引人注目的雏菊。雏菊的花瓣是淡紫色的,摸起来非常顺滑,还有点儿润润的。雏菊闻起来有股浓浓的香味,如果你把花瓣切成细条,放进水里来回揉搓,水就会变得很香,就像雏菊香水一样。

Application of ultra-smooth composite diamond film coated WC-Co drawing dies under water-lubricating conditions

A specific revised HFCVD apparatus and a novel process combining HFCVD and polishing technique were presented to deposit the micro-and nano-crystalline multilayered ultra-smooth diamond（USCD） film on the interior-hole surface of WC-Co drawing dies with aperture ranging from d1.0 mm to 60 mm.Characterization results indicate that the surface roughness values（Ra） in the entry zone,drawing zone and bearing zone of as-fabricated USCD coated drawing die were measured as low as 25.7,23.3 and 25.5 nm,respectively.Furthermore,the friction properties of USCD films were examined in both dry sliding and water-lubricating conditions,and the results show that the USCD film presents much superior friction properties.Its friction coefficients against ball-bearing steel,copper and silicon nitride balls（d4 mm）,is always lower than that of microcrystalline diamond（MCD） or WC-Co sample,regardless of the lubricating condition.Meanwhile,it still presents competitive wear resistance with the MCD films.Finally,the working lifetime and performance of as-fabricated USCD coated drawing dies were examined under producing low-carbon steel pipes in dry-sliding and water-lubricating conditions.Under the water-lubricating drawing condition,its production significantly increases by about 20 times compared with the conventional WC-Co drawing dies.

Dynamic wetting of rolling oil on aluminum surfaces

Static and dynamic contact angles of stock oil and its solutions with additives（fatty acid, fatty alcohol, fatty methyl ester usually used in rolling aluminum） were measured on aluminum surface （Alloy 1145） by sessile drop technique on an OCA35 dynamic contact angle tester. The effect of additive on the drop spreading was investigated as well. It is shown that the drop spreads very quickly in the first 500 ms after the lubricant contacts with the aluminum surface, and then does slowly later. The dynamic contact angle decreases exponentially with time. In contrast to the stock oil, although addition of polarity additive of long chain alkyl into stock oil is able to decrease the surface tension of solutions, it weakens the wetting dynamic, which results fi＇om the adsorption at the expanding solid/liquid interface. Among the same long chain polarity organic compounds used, dynamic wetting decreases in the order of fatty acid, fatty alcohol and fatty ester. The blend of fatty alcohol and fatty methyl ester can improve the oil wetting dynamics and promote the lubricant spreading.

Wetting of pure aluminium on graphite,SiC and Al_2O_3 in aluminium filtration

The wettability of pure aluminium on filter materials and on inclusions is believed to be an important factor affecting the filtration of aluminium. The contact angles of molten aluminium on alumina, SiC and graphite were measured under 10-8 bar high vacuum in the temperature range of 1000-1300 °C. To describe the wetting behaviour of the Al on ceramic at lower temperatures used in filtration and casting aluminium, a semi-empirical calculation was employed. The calculated contact angles at 700 °C were around 97° for alumina, 92° for vitreous graphite, 126° for single- and poly-crystal graphite, and 79° for single crystal SiC, respectively. This indicates that aluminium does not wet alumina or graphite （or Al4C3） around the casting temperature, but wets SiC at this temperature. Thus a priming height is required for aluminium to infiltrate an alumina filter. Increasing temperature can also improve the wettability of Al on ceramic.

A Generalized Correlation for Characterization of Lubricating Base-oils from Their Viscosities

Lubricating mineral base oils are normally extracted from lube-oil cuts with furfural solvent.Aromatic content in the raffinate phase from extraction process is an essential parameter that affects the quality of the lubricating base-oils.For determination of aromatic content by the usual ASTM D3238 method,density,refractive index and molecular weight of the raffinate are required.In this work,a new generalized correlation is developed for de-termination the aromatic content by using only the measured viscosity of lubricating oil.With a mole fraction of aromatic compounds,the kinematic viscosity may be obtained at any temperature between 60-100°C along with their molecular weight and refractive index.

Research on Lubrication Behaviors and Mechanism of Nano-Copper Used in Emulsions for Strip Cold Rolling

In this paper,nano-Cu particles with an average size of smaller than 20 nm were dispersed under ultrasonic agitation in emulsions for cold rolling of steel strips.The tribological properties of the cold rolling emulsion doped with nano-Cu particles were evaluated by using a four-ball machine,and the worn surfaces of the steel balls were checked by an optical microscope.A JC2000C1 wetting angle tester was also applied to study the variation in the emulsion's wetting performance when nano-Cu particles were incorporated.Furthermore,the lubricity of the emulsion doped with nano-Cu for steel strip cold rolling was evaluated on a four-high rolling mill for comparison with the emulsion without using nano-Cu particles.Test results indicated that nano-Cu particles as the additive used in cold rolling emulsion were able to improve the wetting property,friction-reducing,anti-wear,and extreme pressure performance of the base stock significantly.At the same time,nano-Cu particles also showed good lubricity to the cold-rolled steel strips.Namely,the cold-rolled steel strips under the lubrication of the cold rolling emulsion containing nano-Cu particles had considerably decreased the after-rolling thickness and achieved excellent surface quality as well.Finally,the lubrication mechanism of nano-Cu particles in the emulsion for cold rolling of steel strips was discussed.

Recent Advances in Colloidal Lubricant Detergents

Overbased lubricant detergents are important components in lubricating oil. Recently, a lot of papers about the synthesis mechanism, colloidal structure, acid neutralization and antifrictiorL properties of overbased detergents have been published with the development of experimental techniques, which can help us better understand the process of preparation and application of overbased detergents and propound new strategies for improving various performances of overbased detergents. In the future, the synthesis of environmentally friendly and multi-functional lubricant detergent using biodegradable vegetable oil instead of mineral oil as raw materials will be a primary objective for the colloidal lubricant detergent industry.This paper mainly presents the latest advances in the investigation of colloidal lubricant detergents.

Evaluation of surface roughness and optimization of cutting parameters in turning of AA2024 alloy under different cooling-lubrication conditions using RSM method

In the present study,the effect of reduction of cutting fluid consumption on the surface quality and tool wear was studied.Mathematical models were developed to predict the surface roughness using response surface methodology(RSM).Analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to investigate the significance of the developed regression models.The results showed that the coefficient of determination values(R^2)for the developed models was 97.46%for dry,89.32%for flood mode(FM),and 99.44%for MQL,showing the high accuracy of fitted models.Also,under the minimum quantity lubrication(MQL)condition,the surface roughness improved by 23%−44%and 19%−41%compared with dry and FM,respectively,and the SEM images of machined surface proved the statement.The prepared SEM images of tool rake face also showed a considerable decrease in adhesion wear.Built-up edge and built-up layer were the two main products of the adhesion wear,and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX)analysis of specific points on the tool faces helped to discover the chemical compositions of adhered materials.By changing dry and FM to MQL mode,dominant mechanism of tool wear in machining aluminum alloy was significantly decreased.Breakage wear that led to early failure of cutting edge was also controlled by MQL technique.

Evaluation of properties for lubricant filter in diesel engines

The properties of lubricant filters in diesel engines directly affect operation of the lubricant system, and lubricant filters are apt to be impacted by many factors. Therefore, scientific and sensible methods evaluating the properties for lubricant filter diesel engines are necessary to monitor filter properties on line and dynamically. This paper applies ferrographic techniques and adopts sampling methods that oil specimens are synchronously obtained in front of and behind filter elements to monitor the filters of ISUZU DA-220 diesel engine in two FD50 forklifts. Results show that the combination of ferrographic techniques and above sampling methods is effective in analyzing the whole operating process of filters used in diesel engines. The service life and ruined type of filter can be estimated through the relationship between ferrographic readings in front and behind of filter and operation time. Furthermore, through a great deal of tests, a series of experimental curves of readings and time and characteristic parameters for filters used in different machines can be gained, which has guiding significance to the selection and maintenance of the filters. But because of the limitation of the ferrographic technique, the debris on the substrate prevents determination of sizes. It is difficult to judge accurately the size of debris that a filter can filter.

Numerical analysis on mixed lubrication performance of journal-thrust coupled microgroove bearings with different bottom shapes

The purpose of the present study is to establish a mixed lubrication model for the journal-thrust coupled microgroove bearings(also referred as coupled bearings)used for the ship shaftless rim-driven thrusters.During the hydrodynamic modelling,the coupling hydrodynamic pressure between the journal bearing and the thrust bearing is considered.The mixed lubrication performances of the microgroove journal-thrust bearing with five different bottom shapes,including rectangle,semi-ellipse,right triangle,isosceles triangle and left triangle,are compared.Based on the numerical results,the optimal microgroove bottom shape of the journal bearing and tilting angle of the thrust pad are determined.Additionally,the comparative analysis shows that the coupled bearing with left triangle microgroove bottom shape exhibits the optimal mixed lubrication performance.The numerical result also indicates that the optimal inclination angle of the thrust bearing pad is 0.01°for the current simulation case.

促企业升级 让梦想飞——一次年会带来的启示

2012年1月7日下午，我受邀参加了天津润茂集团润佳金属制品有限公司的2012年企业年会。将近4h的年会，鲜明的主题，别开生面的会场，激动人心的场面，使我一直沉浸在热烈的气氛中，回味无穷。

Determination of Contact Angle Hysteresis on Polyamide Surfaces

The wettability of the solid surface is often characterized by the contact angle of the liquid on the solid surface. However, it has long been found that the contact angle of liquid on a solid surface can take a range of values between two extremes： the advancing and the receding contact angles. The difference between the advancing and the receding contact angles is conventionally called contact angle hysteresis. Knowledge of contact angle hysteresis is essential to understand surface wettability and control surface wetting behavior. The wettability can be affected, for example, by the roughness of the solid surface. In our work, textile is used as macroscopic roughness surfaces, and smooth plate surface is used as well to determine contact angle hysteresis. The advancing and receding contact angles are measured on polyamide materials.

Lubrication properties of silver-palladium alloy prepared by ion plating method for high temperature stud bolt

As a solid lubricant, silver-palladium (Ag-Pd) alloy coating was investigated for the application to high temperature stud bolt. A glue layer nickel (Ni) film was deposited on the surface of the hex bolt sample and then Ag-Pd alloy coating was performed on it using ion plating method. The friction coefficient of Ag-Pd alloy film coated bolt was lower than that of N-5000 oil coated bolt by the result of axial force measurement. The cyclic test of heat treatment was conducted to evaluate the durability of Ag-Pd alloy film coated bolt. In a cycle, sample was assembled into the block using torque wrench, followed by heating and disassembling. It was not successful to disassemble the N-5000 oil coated bolt from the block after only one cycle. However, the Ag-Pd alloy film coated bolt was able to be disassembled softly till 12 cycles.