In this work, the effects of injecting an evaporating liquid jet into solid-gas flow are experimentally investigated. A new model （SHED model） and a supplementary model （spray model） have also been proposed to inv...In this work, the effects of injecting an evaporating liquid jet into solid-gas flow are experimentally investigated. A new model （SHED model） and a supplementary model （spray model） have also been proposed to investigate some flow-field characteristics in three-phase fluidized bed with the mean relative error 4.3% between model and measured results. Some experiments were conducted to study the influences of flow-field parameters such as liquid volumetric flow rate, injection velocity, jet angle and gas superficial velocity as well as solid mass flux on the jet penetration depth （JPD）. In addition, independent variables were experimentally employed to propose two empirical correlations for JPD by using multiple regression method and spray cone angle （SCA） by using dimensional analysis technique. The mean relative errors between the JPD and SCA correlations versus ex- perimental data were 7.5% and 3.9%, respectively. In addition, in order to identify the variable effect, a parametric study was carried out. Applying the proposed model can avoid direct use of expensive devices to measureJPD and to nredict dronlet size.展开更多
The effects of liquid viscosities, solid circulating rates, liquid and gas velocities and phase holdups on the axial dispersion coefficient, Dax, were investigated in a gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed (GLSC...The effects of liquid viscosities, solid circulating rates, liquid and gas velocities and phase holdups on the axial dispersion coefficient, Dax, were investigated in a gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed (GLSCFB).Liquid viscosity promotes the axial liquid backmixing when solid particles and gas bubbles are present. Increases in gas velocities and solid circulating rates lead to higher Dax. The effects of liquid velocity on Dax are associated with liquid viscosity. Compared with conventional expanded beds, the GLSCFBs hold less axial liquid dispersion,approaching ideal plug-flow reactors.展开更多
The liquid metal free surface innovation concept have been considered as liquid metal devices of divertor/limiter and tile of first wall in fusion device because it can withstand over 50 MW·m^2 heating load, is e...The liquid metal free surface innovation concept have been considered as liquid metal devices of divertor/limiter and tile of first wall in fusion device because it can withstand over 50 MW·m^2 heating load, is easily renewed by circulation and many overcome neutron irradiation damage life time limit. There are three types of free surface in the innovation concept as film, curtain （jets or drops） and capillary. The free surface jet is played a more attention at present. But it is no so clear and only a few available data that their magneto-hydrodynamics （MHD） instabilities, interaction with plasma and exclusion of the particles （ions, Alpha particles and so on） from liquid metal, in despite of many liquid metal free surface facilities built and operated especially in US in last two years. Recently, some primary results are carried out at LMEL facility at Southwestern Institute of Physics.展开更多
The transmission spectra of one-dimensional （1D） photonic crystals （PCs） with parallel and twisted nematic liquid crystals （LCs） as defect layers are discussed by 4 X 4 matrix method, respectively. The results s...The transmission spectra of one-dimensional （1D） photonic crystals （PCs） with parallel and twisted nematic liquid crystals （LCs） as defect layers are discussed by 4 X 4 matrix method, respectively. The results show that the photonie band gap （PBG） mainly depends on the periodic arrays of dielectric composites. The orientation of director and the symmetry of the director configuration have important influence on the location and amplitude of defect modes. The location and amplitude of defect modes can be controlled conveniently by changing the orientation of director. The symmetry of the director configuration can help us understand the defect modes spectra.展开更多
文摘In this work, the effects of injecting an evaporating liquid jet into solid-gas flow are experimentally investigated. A new model （SHED model） and a supplementary model （spray model） have also been proposed to investigate some flow-field characteristics in three-phase fluidized bed with the mean relative error 4.3% between model and measured results. Some experiments were conducted to study the influences of flow-field parameters such as liquid volumetric flow rate, injection velocity, jet angle and gas superficial velocity as well as solid mass flux on the jet penetration depth （JPD）. In addition, independent variables were experimentally employed to propose two empirical correlations for JPD by using multiple regression method and spray cone angle （SCA） by using dimensional analysis technique. The mean relative errors between the JPD and SCA correlations versus ex- perimental data were 7.5% and 3.9%, respectively. In addition, in order to identify the variable effect, a parametric study was carried out. Applying the proposed model can avoid direct use of expensive devices to measureJPD and to nredict dronlet size.
文摘The effects of liquid viscosities, solid circulating rates, liquid and gas velocities and phase holdups on the axial dispersion coefficient, Dax, were investigated in a gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed (GLSCFB).Liquid viscosity promotes the axial liquid backmixing when solid particles and gas bubbles are present. Increases in gas velocities and solid circulating rates lead to higher Dax. The effects of liquid velocity on Dax are associated with liquid viscosity. Compared with conventional expanded beds, the GLSCFBs hold less axial liquid dispersion,approaching ideal plug-flow reactors.
文摘The liquid metal free surface innovation concept have been considered as liquid metal devices of divertor/limiter and tile of first wall in fusion device because it can withstand over 50 MW·m^2 heating load, is easily renewed by circulation and many overcome neutron irradiation damage life time limit. There are three types of free surface in the innovation concept as film, curtain （jets or drops） and capillary. The free surface jet is played a more attention at present. But it is no so clear and only a few available data that their magneto-hydrodynamics （MHD） instabilities, interaction with plasma and exclusion of the particles （ions, Alpha particles and so on） from liquid metal, in despite of many liquid metal free surface facilities built and operated especially in US in last two years. Recently, some primary results are carried out at LMEL facility at Southwestern Institute of Physics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10805040)the Talent Introduction Program of Henan University of Technology(No.2007BS041)
文摘The transmission spectra of one-dimensional （1D） photonic crystals （PCs） with parallel and twisted nematic liquid crystals （LCs） as defect layers are discussed by 4 X 4 matrix method, respectively. The results show that the photonie band gap （PBG） mainly depends on the periodic arrays of dielectric composites. The orientation of director and the symmetry of the director configuration have important influence on the location and amplitude of defect modes. The location and amplitude of defect modes can be controlled conveniently by changing the orientation of director. The symmetry of the director configuration can help us understand the defect modes spectra.
