小儿急性硬膜外血肿清除术中液体用量控制

目的：探讨小儿急性硬膜外血肿清除术中液体用量的控制。方法：对31例小儿急性硬膜外血肿清除术患儿进行准确输液。结果：31例小儿急性硬膜外血肿清除术中液体用量符合小儿补液要求，未出现急性左心衰，肺水肿及脑水肿，颅内压增高等症状，手术顺利进行。讨论：小儿急性硬膜外血肿清除术中液体用量应严格控制，降低脑水肿和急性左心衰、肺水肿的发生率，使患儿手术进行顺利，促进术后患儿的康复。

冷拌半柔性路面材料基体设计

该文以自主研发的新型SBR复合改性乳化沥青作为胶结料,采用CAVF法、液体裹附试验和修正马歇尔试验设计出冷拌半柔性路面材料的基体,经强度和排水性能测试,所设计的3种基体材料的强度符合要求,均达到目标设计空隙率,且有效空隙率较多,具有优良的排水性能,可以保证水泥砂浆的灌入。

Influences of the [Co^2＋]/[Co^3＋] Ratio on the Process of Liquid-phase Oxidation of Toluene by Air

Liquid phase oxidation of toluene is an environmental benign route for the production of benzoic acid.In a φ48mm bubble column reactor,the commercial process of toluene liquid phase oxidation was conducted with Co(CH3COO)2.4H2O as catalyst.The Co2+ concentration [Co2+] was determined by extraction spectrophotometry and hereby the Co3+ concentration [Co3+] was obtained by mass balance.The results showed that [Co3+] reached the maximum at about 25-30min.[Co3+] increased with increasing Co catalyst amount at total Co concentration<150 mg.L-1 of toluene.The conversion of toluene,yield and selectivity of benzoic acid increased with the increasing [Co3+/Co2+] max.A high [Co3+] and a high [Co3+]/[Co2+] ratio are beneficial to the reaction.

Novel efficient procedure for biodiesel synthesis from waste oils with high acid value using 1-sulfobutyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulfate ionic liquid as the catalyst

Preparation of biodiesel from waste oils containing 72% of free fatty acids catalyzed by a novel Br?nsted acidic ionic liquid 1-sulfobutyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulfate([BHSO_3MIM][HSO_4]) was systematically investigated.The optimum molar ratio of methanol to waste oils,catalyst amount,reaction temperature and reaction time were 8/1,10%(based on the mass of waste oils),140°C and 6 h,respectively,under which the obtained yield of biodiesel reached 94.9%.Also,[BHSO_3MIM][HSO_4] as a catalyst still retained around 97% of its original catalytic activity after successive re-use of 5 batches(6 h per batch),showing the excellent operational stability.Moreover,the acidic IL [BHSO_3MIM][HSO_4] was able to ef ficiently catalyze conversions of waste oils with different amounts of FFAs(free fatty acids) into biodiesel,and showed tremendous application potential.Therefore,an ef ficient and environmentally friendly catalyst is provided for the synthesis of biodiesel from waste oils with high acid value.

颅脑创伤患者术中液体管理的研究进展

颅脑创伤(traumatic brain injury, TBI)患者术中维持适宜的血容量对预后有很大影响。有研究表明液体超负荷可导致组织水肿、肺损伤和创面愈合不良等并发症,液体量不足会增加低血压风险,减少心、脑、肾等重要器官灌注,甚至导致器官功能衰竭。如何优化术中液体管理策略是麻醉科医师最常见问题之一。文章从液体选择(晶体液、胶体液、高渗盐水和甘露醇)、液体用量[开放性液体治疗、限制性液体治疗、目标导向液体治疗(goal directed fluid therapy, GDFT)]、血管内容量状态监测三个方面进行了总结,阐述不同的液体管理策略,以期为TBI患者术中液体管理提供指导并为新的相关研究提供参考。