液体还原染料对大麻和大麻/天丝针织物的染色

采用还原蓝RSN、棕BR、橄榄T 3种液体还原染料对大麻和大麻/天丝混纺织物进行隐色体染色，探讨了染色温度、时间以及尿素、JFC和染料用量等对染色织物K/S值的影响，测试了染色织物的色牢度。结果表明，液体还原染料对大麻和大麻/天丝混纺织物的最佳染色工艺：染料4%（omf），尿素30 g/L，JFC 1 g/L，染色温度50~60℃，染色时间60 min。各项染色牢度均能达到3~4级以上，满足服用要求。

棉织物的液体还原染料染色

采用液体还原染料还原蓝RSN、棕BR和橄榄T对棉织物进行浸轧染色，探讨了保险粉、氢氧化钠和染料用量，以及染色温度和时间对K／S值和颜色特征值的影响。优化的棉织物液体还原染料染色工艺为：还原染料2％（omf），保险粉20g／L，氢氧化钠15g／L，染色温度40～60℃，染色时间40min，染色织物的耐洗和耐摩擦色牢度均达到服用性能要求。

环保液体还原染料在印花中的应用

阐述了环保液体还原染料的优异使用性能,根据其特点,在化验室进行了上染性能测试和环保性能的对比,并在实际生产中进行了运用。经检测证明:液体还原染料生产的产品,各项指标与常规粉状还原染料相同,染色性能和环保性能优异,在染整行业节能减排转型升级的形势下具有推广应用价值。

罗伊斯液体还原染料

罗伊斯液体还原染料系采用美国RoycevatTM技术生产,具有优良的染色性能和环保性能。通过与传统粉体还原染料进行对比,并将液体还原染料实际应用于纯棉和涤棉织物长车轧染生产中。结果表明,液体还原染料使用简单,力分高,染料提升力好,染色效果与传统粉体染料相当;染深色时染料用量明显减少,生产成本降低;染液COD含量较粉体染料下降50%,降低了染厂污水处理负荷。

液体还原染料的应用初探

文章阐述了液体还原染料的优异使用性能，根据其特点，在化验室试验了上染性能和环保性能，制定了轧染工艺路线和工艺条件，在车间安排了大生产实践，经检测，液体还原染料生产的服装面料产品，各项指标与常规粉状还原染料相同，其染色性能和环保性能优异，在染整行业节能减排转型升级的形势下具有推广应用价值。

双孢蘑菇液体菌种培养条件优化及还原型液体菌种制备

以双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)As2796菌株为试材,采用单因素试验和响应面法,研究了摇瓶培养双孢蘑菇液体菌种的最佳条件,以期为高效制备双孢蘑菇液体菌种和还原型液体菌种提供参考依据。结果表明:在加富培养基中,培养料浸提液添加量为50%,过氧化钙浓度为0.010 0 g·(100mL)^(-1),250 mL三角瓶装液量为80 mL时,双孢蘑菇液体菌种的生物量达到0.95 g·(100mL)^(-1),比加富培养基提高了57.3%。得到的液体菌种经过抽滤浓缩后,用胶Y固化制备的还原型液体菌种,4℃保存30 d,仍保持固化前的生长速度。

放射性水化学研究水中^(222)Rn的快速测定

为了克服测量野外取水样中氡的浓度需密封3～4h后的弊病,本文提出一种取水样后先将样瓶中氡排净、封闭,并进行2min的强烈震动,然后在野外条件下测量氡浓度的快速方法。该方法对于在现场快速评价异常有重要的现实意义。

Effects of reaction parameters on preparation of Cu nanoparticles via aqueous solution reduction method with NaBH_4

The preparation of Cu nanoparticles by the aqueous solution reduction method was investigated. The effects of different reaction parameters on the preparation of Cu nanoparticles were studied. The optimum conditions for preparing well-dispersed nanoparticles were found as follows: 0.4 mol/L NaBH4 was added into solution containing 0.2 mol/L Cu2+, 1.0% gelatin dispersant in mass fraction, and 1.2 mol/L NH3?H2O at pH 12 and 313 K. In addition, a series of experiments were performed to discover the reaction process. NH3?H2O was found to be able to modulate the reaction process. At pH=10, Cu2+ was transformed to Cu(NH3)42+ as precursor after the addition of NH3?H2O, and then Cu(NH3)42+ was reduced by NaBH4 solution. At pH=12, Cu2+ was transformed to Cu(OH)2 as precursor after the addition of NH3?H2O, and Cu(OH)2 was then reduced by NaBH4 solution.

Interfacial engineering of heterogeneous molecular electrocatalysts using ionic liquids towards efficient hydrogen peroxide production

Efficient and selective oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts are critical to realizing decentralized H_(2)O_(2)production and utilization.Here we demonstrate a facile interfacial engineering strategy using a hydrophobic ionic liquid(IL,i.e.,[BMIM][NTF2])to boost the performance of a nitrogen coordinated single atom cobalt catalyst(i.e.),cobalt phthalocyanine(CoPc)supported on carbon nanotubes(CNTs).We find a strong correlation between the ORR performance of CoPc/CNT and the thickness of its IL coatings.Detailed characterization revealed that a higher O_(2)solubility(2.12×10^(−3)mol/L)in the IL compared to aqueous electrolytes provides a local O2 enriched surface layer near active catalytic sites,enhancing the ORR thermodynamics.Further,the hydrophobic IL can efficiently repel the as‐synthesized H_(2)O_(2)molecules from the catalyst surface,preventing their fast decomposition to H_(2)O,resulting in improved H_(2)O_(2)selectivity.Compared to CoPc/CNT without IL coatings,the catalyst with an optimal~8 nm IL coating can deliver a nearly 4 times higher mass specific kinetic current density and 12.5%higher H2O2 selectivity up to 92%.In a two‐electrode electrolyzer test,the optimal catalyst exhibits an enhanced productivity of 3.71 molH2O2 gcat^(–1)h^(–1),and robust stability.This IL‐based interfacial engineering strategy may also be extended to many other electrochemical reactions by carefully tailoring the thickness and hydrophobicity of IL coatings.

Metal organic framework‐ionic liquid hybrid catalysts for the selective electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to CH4

The electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) towards hydrocarbons is a promising technology that can utilize CO_(2) and prevent its atmospheric accumulation while simultaneously storing renewable en‐ergy.However,current CO_(2) electrolyzers remain impractical on a large scale due to the low current densities and faradaic efficiencies(FE)on various electrocatalysts.In this study,hybrid HKUST‐1 metal‐organic framework‒fluorinated imidazolium‐based room temperature ionic liquid(RTIL)electrocatalysts are designed to selectively reduce CO_(2) to CH_(4).An impressive FE of 65.5%towards CH_(4) at-1.13 V is achieved for the HKUST‐1/[BMIM][PF_(6)]hybrid,with a stable FE greater than 50%maintained for at least 9 h in an H‐cell.The observed improvements are attributed to the increased local CO_(2) concentration and the improved CO_(2)‐to‐CH_(4) thermodynamics in the presence of the RTIL molecules adsorbed on the HKUST‐1‐derived Cu clusters.These findings offer a novel approach of immobilizing RTIL co‐catalysts within porous frameworks for CO_(2) electroreduction applications.

Corrosion behavior of bulk two-phase Ag-25Cu alloys with different microstructures in NaCl aqueous solution

In order to have a better understanding on the corrosion mechanisms of bulk two-phase Ag-25Cu (at.%) alloys with different microstructures, two bulk nanocrystalline Ag-25Cu alloys and one coarse grained counterpart were prepared by liquid phase reduction (LPR), mechanical alloying (MA) and powder metallurgy (PM) methods, respectively. Their corrosion behavior was investigated comparatively using electrochemical methods in NaCl aqueous solution. Results show that the microstructure of the coarse grained PMAg-25Cu alloy is extremely inhomogeneous. On the contrary, compared with PMAg-25Cu alloy, the microstructures of the nanocrystalline LPRAg-25Cu and MAAg-25Cu alloys are more homogeneous, especially for LPRAg-25Cu alloy. The corrosion rate of MAAg-25Cu alloy is higher than that of PMAg-25Cu alloy, but lower than that of LPRAg-25Cu alloy. Furthermore, the passive films formed by three Ag-25Cu alloys exhibit n-type semiconducting properties. The passive current density of LPRAg-25Cu alloy is lower than that of PMAg-25Cu alloy, but higher that of MAAg-25Cu alloy.

“Water in salt/ionic liquid”electrolyte for 2.8 V aqueous lithium-ion capacitor

Development of high-voltage electrolytes with non-flammability is significantly important for future energy storage devices.Aqueous electrolytes are inherently non-flammable,easy to handle,and their electrochemical stability windows(ESWs)can be considerably expanded by increasing electrolyte concentrations.However,further breakthroughs of their ESWs encounter bottlenecks because of the limited salt solubility,leading to that most of the high-energy anode materials can hardly function reversibly in aqueous electrolytes.Here,by introducing a non-flammable ionic liquid as co-solvent in a lithium salt/water system,we develop a"water in salt/ionic liquid"(WiSIL)electrolyte with extremely low water content.In such WiSIL electrolyte,commercial niobium pentoxide(Nb2O5)material can operate at a low potential(-1.6 V versus Ag/AgCl)and contribute its full capacity.Consequently,the resultant Nb2O5-based aqueous lithium-ion capacitor is able to operate at a high voltage of 2.8 V along with long cycling stability over 3000 cycles,and displays comparable energy and power performance(51.9 Wh kg^-1 at 0.37 kW kg^-1 and 16.4 Wh kg^-1 at 4.9 kW kg^-1)to those using non-aqueous electrolytes but with improved safety performance and manufacturing efficiency.

Direct electroreduction of solid cuprous chloride to copper powder in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid

Direct electroreduction of solid cuprous chloride to prepare copper powder in a"neutral"ambient-temperature ionic liquid,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid(BMIMBF4)was investigated.Cyclic voltammetry of the CuCl powder in a Pt-powder cavity microelectrode exhibited that solid CuCl can be electrochemical reduced in the ionic liquid.Chronoamperometry of the salt powder filled Mo-cavity electrode(current collector)in the ionic liquid further demonstrated the conversion of chloride to metal inside the cavity,as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray,and X-ray diffraction spectra.

Electrochemical synthesis and the functionalization of few layer graphene in ionic liquid and redox ionic liquid

Electrochemical reductive exfoliation of graphite to few layered graphene(FLG) in presence of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ionic liquid and redox ionic liquid based ferrocene has been investigated. Thus, by applying a mild negative potential(-2.7 V vs. Fc/Fc^+) to carbon electrode in ionic liquid graphene flakes could be generated. The generated materials have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. XPS and Raman analysis show that the electrochemical reductive exfoliation provides the formation of FLG. The thickness of the resulting FLG was found to be ranged between 4 and1 nm. HR-TEM images reveal the formation of few graphene layers and in some cases single graphene layer was observed.Moreover, this electrochemical route conduces to the formation of ionic liquid functionalized FLG. Finally, the reductive exfoliation was further investigated in the presence of redox ionic liquid. XPS and electrochemical measurements confirm the presence of ferrocene.