The thermal upgrading of two residual oils tory-scale continuous delayed coking unit. The goal with different characteristics was studied in a labora- was to investigate the influence of the process vari- ables such a...The thermal upgrading of two residual oils tory-scale continuous delayed coking unit. The goal with different characteristics was studied in a labora- was to investigate the influence of the process vari- ables such as temperature, reaction time and additive on liquid yield and products distribution. A maximum liquid yield of 73% was achieved compared to 69% with the commercial unit. This yield was even increased to 75% under the effect of an additive. The fractionation of liquid oil by simulated vacuum distillation showed a high yield of diesel （46.9%）, compared to 28% for the commercial unit.展开更多
Effective one-stage method of urea preparation by catalytic oxidative carbonylation of ammonia in liquid phase is developed. The method allows to prepare urea with productivity of-530 g/（L·h） in sufficiently mi...Effective one-stage method of urea preparation by catalytic oxidative carbonylation of ammonia in liquid phase is developed. The method allows to prepare urea with productivity of-530 g/（L·h） in sufficiently mild conditions （total pressure -30 bar, 45 ℃）. The process is characterized by high selectivity （near 100%） i.e. byproducts separation is not needed. Almost all CO is consumed during the process, this substantially diminishes the waste-gas purification costs and raises the process environmental characteristics; the only byproduct is water.展开更多
Cigarette smoke was used to simulate a polluted environment and an experiment was performed to reveal how healthy and bleached hair are damaged by a polluted environment. The dry/wet combability, surface contact angle...Cigarette smoke was used to simulate a polluted environment and an experiment was performed to reveal how healthy and bleached hair are damaged by a polluted environment. The dry/wet combability, surface contact angle, tryptophan content, and cuticle morphology of the smoke-exposed hair were evaluated, and compared to unexposed virgin hair. The results showed that pollution exposure can cause significant chemical damage to hair. In particular, virgin hair exposure to pollution can cause damage to the hair cuticles(higher wet/dry combing), protein degradation, and a more hydrophilic hair surface.展开更多
Using novel catalyst the pyrolysis of mixed plastics has been considered as an effective way to convert waste plastics into environmental friendly and industrially useful hydrocarbon gas and liquid products. Catalytic...Using novel catalyst the pyrolysis of mixed plastics has been considered as an effective way to convert waste plastics into environmental friendly and industrially useful hydrocarbon gas and liquid products. Catalytic cracking is a promising alternative for plastic wastes recycling. More than 99% of a polymer mixed converted into combustible hydrocarbon in a catalytic converting reaction. The products are mainly middle distillates. In this work equally weighted mixed HDPE （high density polyethylene）, LDPE （low density polyethylene） and Polypropylene were degraded. The reaction occurred in a semi batch reactor at several temperatures and catalyst/polymer ratios in search for an optimum operating condition. The products are liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons with minor of residue. The liquid and gas products were in the range of middle distillate cuts of gasoline, kerosene and gas oil. Finally, with a metallic base, yielded 99.5% of given mixed to valuable middle distillate products that include 86% liquid hydrocarbon and 13.5% gas, ranging between C1 and C5 with less percent of residue. The optimum condition for this yield reports at a temperature of 450 ℃ and 10% of catalyst w/w at atmosphere pressure.展开更多
Hydro-catalytic pyrolysis on Yunnan lignite were studied in a fixed bed to determine their effects on high-value raw materials, such as BTX, PCX and lower naphthalene, in liquid products. Ni and Mo were chosen as acti...Hydro-catalytic pyrolysis on Yunnan lignite were studied in a fixed bed to determine their effects on high-value raw materials, such as BTX, PCX and lower naphthalene, in liquid products. Ni and Mo were chosen as active pyrolysis centers through thermogravimetry, after which their catalytic effects were analyzed in a fixed bed. The results showed that different concentrations of impregnated Ni and Mo solution can significantly increase the yield of high-value products and enable catalyst separating and recycling with this method of online catalytic pyrolysis.展开更多
文摘The thermal upgrading of two residual oils tory-scale continuous delayed coking unit. The goal with different characteristics was studied in a labora- was to investigate the influence of the process vari- ables such as temperature, reaction time and additive on liquid yield and products distribution. A maximum liquid yield of 73% was achieved compared to 69% with the commercial unit. This yield was even increased to 75% under the effect of an additive. The fractionation of liquid oil by simulated vacuum distillation showed a high yield of diesel （46.9%）, compared to 28% for the commercial unit.
文摘Effective one-stage method of urea preparation by catalytic oxidative carbonylation of ammonia in liquid phase is developed. The method allows to prepare urea with productivity of-530 g/（L·h） in sufficiently mild conditions （total pressure -30 bar, 45 ℃）. The process is characterized by high selectivity （near 100%） i.e. byproducts separation is not needed. Almost all CO is consumed during the process, this substantially diminishes the waste-gas purification costs and raises the process environmental characteristics; the only byproduct is water.
文摘Cigarette smoke was used to simulate a polluted environment and an experiment was performed to reveal how healthy and bleached hair are damaged by a polluted environment. The dry/wet combability, surface contact angle, tryptophan content, and cuticle morphology of the smoke-exposed hair were evaluated, and compared to unexposed virgin hair. The results showed that pollution exposure can cause significant chemical damage to hair. In particular, virgin hair exposure to pollution can cause damage to the hair cuticles(higher wet/dry combing), protein degradation, and a more hydrophilic hair surface.
文摘Using novel catalyst the pyrolysis of mixed plastics has been considered as an effective way to convert waste plastics into environmental friendly and industrially useful hydrocarbon gas and liquid products. Catalytic cracking is a promising alternative for plastic wastes recycling. More than 99% of a polymer mixed converted into combustible hydrocarbon in a catalytic converting reaction. The products are mainly middle distillates. In this work equally weighted mixed HDPE （high density polyethylene）, LDPE （low density polyethylene） and Polypropylene were degraded. The reaction occurred in a semi batch reactor at several temperatures and catalyst/polymer ratios in search for an optimum operating condition. The products are liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons with minor of residue. The liquid and gas products were in the range of middle distillate cuts of gasoline, kerosene and gas oil. Finally, with a metallic base, yielded 99.5% of given mixed to valuable middle distillate products that include 86% liquid hydrocarbon and 13.5% gas, ranging between C1 and C5 with less percent of residue. The optimum condition for this yield reports at a temperature of 450 ℃ and 10% of catalyst w/w at atmosphere pressure.
文摘Hydro-catalytic pyrolysis on Yunnan lignite were studied in a fixed bed to determine their effects on high-value raw materials, such as BTX, PCX and lower naphthalene, in liquid products. Ni and Mo were chosen as active pyrolysis centers through thermogravimetry, after which their catalytic effects were analyzed in a fixed bed. The results showed that different concentrations of impregnated Ni and Mo solution can significantly increase the yield of high-value products and enable catalyst separating and recycling with this method of online catalytic pyrolysis.
