关于建立宁波液化品自由港的探讨

宁波港是世界著名的深水良港,自然条件得天独厚。宁波液化品自由港位于中国的炼化产业带,区位优势明显,硬件设施先进,管理规范,是国内吞吐能力最大的液化品专业港。由于缺乏良好的关税环境,宁波液化品港在与韩、日港口的竞争中处于劣势。鉴此,就建立宁波液化品自由港的意义、条件和发展进行了探讨,以期为建立宁波液化品自由港,为我国液化品运输的发展和我国炼化行业的降本增效提供参考。

化工物流区与液化品港一体化运作模式研究

基于化工物流区与液化品港一体化的必要性,分析了区港一体化的含义,对区港一体化的运作模式作了详细研究,提出管理开发一体化、信息系统一体化、海关监管一体化的思路和途径。

长江液化品运输泄漏事故应急处置方案研究

随着长江液体化工码头逐年增多,本文对液化品运输的泄漏风险进行了分析。根据液化品泄漏后的行为状态,将长江运输液化品分为挥发、漂浮、溶解及沉降四类,并有针对性的分析相应的应急处置流程。然后选取具体的液化品,结合长江的实际情况,对泄漏事故的应急处置进行模拟,并提出合理有效的应急处置方案。研究可为长江液化品运输泄漏事故的应急处置提供参考。

宁波化工区至镇海液化码头液化品运输方式选择

针对宁波化工区和镇海液化码头之间运输方式选择的问题,分析铁路、公路、管道3种运输方式的成本构成及收入来源,利用工程经济学中工程方案的经济性比较方法计算得出3种运输方式的各项经济指标,并利用层次分析法对3种运输方式进行综合评价,得出管道运输是宁波化工区至镇海液化码头的最佳运输方式。

洋口港液化品物流园区经营模式研究

文章通过分析江苏省经济产业分布、各港口发展情况和业务布局,得出必须加快沿海港口尤其是深水海港洋口港的开发,建立洋口港液化品物流园区,将其打造成为液化品运输的国际"接口"的结论。并在此基础上借鉴国内外相关港口液化品物流园区的发展经验,初步提出了关于洋口港液化品物流园区的经营模式。

浅谈利用U型管架提高液化品卸船效率的方法

随着港口散装液体化学品水运装卸业务的发展,港口液化品装卸量逐年增长,也给装卸业务带来了新的挑战。在泊位一定和保证生产安全的情况下,如何改进装卸工艺,成为提高液化品装卸效率的当务之急。通过增设U型管架,能够提高液化品装卸效率,提升泊位的利用率,提高了液化船舶的装卸量,有效缓解了船舶装卸压力。

设立散装液化品国际物流分拨中心势在必行

一、通过物流分拨中心进行中转是国际上液化品贸易发展的必然要求 当前,不论在国内还是在国际间,海上运输液化品的运输范围和运量与日俱增.目前液化品远洋运输是液化品海运贸易的重要形式,船公司为了运输的规模经济性,节约运输成本,追求经济效益最大化,通常采用第四、第五代大型国际远洋船舶,而一般进口液化品又有批量相对较小、卸货港口分散等特点,因此远洋运输的液化品通常需要进行中转.

我国液体化工品水路运输市场发展与政策建议

为加快我国液体化工品(简称液化品)水路运输市场发展,提高我国液化品运输企业的国际竞争力,通过对液化品特性和对船舶要求的释义,对我国液化品未来需求进行深入分析,结合液化品水路运输市场发展和船舶供应现状,剖析液化品水运市场存在的主要问题,认为在未来二三年内,在石化产业大力发展的带动下,液化品贸易将呈较快增长态势,从而带动液化品总运量较大增长,据此,提出具有可操作性政策建议:加强液化品船舶安全管理;建立运力调控常态管理机制;加强运输市场竞争行为监管;引导我国液化品运输企业壮大发展;成立液化品运输行业协会。

Increasing Liquid Yield and Diesel Fraction in Delayed Coking Process: Mechanism of Liquid Formation

The thermal upgrading of two residual oils tory-scale continuous delayed coking unit. The goal with different characteristics was studied in a labora- was to investigate the influence of the process vari- ables such as temperature, reaction time and additive on liquid yield and products distribution. A maximum liquid yield of 73% was achieved compared to 69% with the commercial unit. This yield was even increased to 75% under the effect of an additive. The fractionation of liquid oil by simulated vacuum distillation showed a high yield of diesel （46.9%）, compared to 28% for the commercial unit.

Preparation of Macroporous TiO2 Ceramic Based on Membrane Jet-flow Emulsification

A novel method to prepare macroporous TiO2 ceramic, based on membrane emulsification was reported.To solve the paradox between the instability of nonaqueous emulsion and long emulsification time required by themembrane emulsification, a two-stage ceramic membrane jet-flow emulsification .was. proposed. Discussion wasconducted on the evolution of droplet size with time, which followed the Ostwalcl npemng theory. And a monodispersed nonaqueous emulsion with an average droplet size of 1.6μm could beprepared. Using the emulsion, as atemplate, TiO2 ceramics with an average pore size ot 1.1 μm were obtaineed. Tne material could be prospectivelyused for preparation of catalysts, adsorbents, and membranes.

Removal of mercaptans from light oils using ionic liquid–NaOH aqueous solution as extractants

The application of ionic liquids as alternatives to conventional organic solvents in the extraction process has been investigated. In the present study, fourteen species of imidazolium-based ionic liquids were added into the NaOH （aq） to remove the mercaptans. The influences of anion species and cation alkyl chain length of the imidazolium-based ionic liquids on the performance of mercaptan removal from light oils have been discussed. The efficiency of extraction for mercaptans exhibited the order of [Ac]- 〉 [OH]- [Br]- 〉 [BF4]-. The longer alkyl chain imidazolium-based ionic liquids contributed to enhance desulfurization rate of l-butyl mercaptan. 100% desulfurization rate of l-butyl mercaptan was achieved by the anion of Ac- ionic liquids and NaOH （aq） at a volume ratio of 40：1 （V（oil]：Vfionic liouid）） and a short eouilibrium time within 10 min.

Clinical significance of miRNA-106a in non-small cell lung cancer patients who received cisplatin combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy

Objective：Research has demonstrated that microRNA（miR）-106a is related to cisplatin resistance.We investigated the expression of miR-106a in the serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）and their sensitivity to chemotherapy by cisplatin combined with gemcitabine.Methods：Eighty-five NSCLC patients,who completed four cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy,volunteered for this study and their serum samples were collected.Serum samples from 60 healthy subjects were used as controls.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（real-time q PCR）was used to quantify the level of miR-106a in the serum.Demographic and survival data of these patients were collected for the analysis.Results：The expression of miR-106a in the serum of NSCLC patients was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects（P＆lt;0.001）.The expression of miR-106a was not correlated with patients＇gender,age,tumor size,lymphatic metastasis,and pathological types;but was correlated with patients＇tumor staging（P=0.003）.After chemotherapy,serum miR-106a expression decreased in patients.The decrease in miR-106a expression in the chemotherapy-sensitive group was much higher than that in the chemotherapy-resistant group.Survival analysis shows that NSCLC patients with high expression of miR-106a have a poorer prognosis.The overall survival of NSCLC patients in the chemotherapy-sensitive group was significantly higher than that in the chemotherapy-resistant group.Conclusions：High expression of miR-106a may be involved in the development of NSCLC.Mi R-106a has significance in the prognosis of NSCLC.The level of miR-106a in the serum can be a useful parameter in screening for drug resistance during cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Tuning the Morphology of Pharmaceutical Compounds via Model Based Solvent Selection

In this paper we present a strategy for tuning the crystal morphology of pharmaceutical compounds by the appropriate choice of solvent via an optimization model. A three-stage approach involving a pre-design stage, a product design stage and a post-design experimental verification stage is presented. The pre-design stage addresses the tormulation of the property constraint tor crystal morphology. This involves crystallization experiments aria development of property models and constraints for morphology. In the design stage various property requirements for the solvent along with crystal morphology are considered and the product design problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming model.The design stage provides an optimal solvent/list of candidate solvents. Similar to the pre-design stage, in the post design experimental verification stage, the morphology of the crystals （precipitated from the designed solvent） is verified through crystallization experiments followed by product characterization via scanni＇ng electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction imaging and Fourier transform spectra analysis.

Efficient Separation of Butyric Acid by an Aqueous Two-phase System with Calcium Chloride

One of the bottlenecks for bioproduction of butyric acid as bulk chemical is the difficulty in separating butyric acid from the fermentation broth,compared with the petroleum-based chemical synthesis method.In the present work,a novel separation methodology was developed based on an aqueous two-phase system with inor-ganic salts.Calcium chloride was screened out for effective separation of butyric acid from butyric acid-water-salt systems.Within appropriate concentration range of butyric acid and salt,butyric acid was enriched in the upper phase and most of calcium ions remained in the lower phase.This"salting out"effect is very efficient to separate butyric acid from the simulated butyrate fermentation broth,which consists of butyric acid and acetic acid with concentration ratio of 4︰1,so that the final ratio of butyric acid/acetic acid in the upper phase is improved to 9.87. The aqueous two-phase system was used to separate butyric acid from the actual fermentation broth with satisfac-tory result.

Study on chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer using MRS and pancreatic juice samples

AIM:To investigate the markers of pancreatic diseases and provide basic data and experimental methods for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.METHODS:There were 15 patients in the present study,among whom 10 had pancreatic cancer and 5,chronic pancreatitis.In all patients,pancreatic cancer or chronic pancreatitis was located on the head of the p-a-ncrea-s.Pa-thology da-ta-of a-ll p-a-tients wa-s confirmed by biopsy and surgery.Among the 10 patients with pancreatic cancer,3 people had a medical history of longterm alcohol consumption.Of 5 patients with chronic pancreatitis,4 men suffered from alcoholic chronic pancreatitis.Pancreatic juice samples were obtained from patients by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Magnetic resonance spectroscopyn was performed on an 11.7-T scanner (Bruker DRX-500) using Call-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequences.The parameters were as follows:spectral width,15 KHz;time domain,64 K;number of scans,512;and acquisition time,2.128 s.RESULTS:The main component of pancreatic juice included leucine,iso-leucine,valine,lactate,alanine,acetate,aspartate,lysine,glycine,threonine,tyrosine,histidine,tryptophan,and phenylalanine.On performing 1D 1H and 2D total correlation spectroscopy,we found a triplet peak at the chemical shift of 1.19 ppm,which only appeared in the spectra of pancreatic juice obtained from patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis.This triplet peak was considered the resonance of the methyl of ethoxy group,which may be associated with the metabolism of alcohol in the pancreas.CONCLUSION:The triplet peak,at the chemical shift of 1.19 ppm is likely to be the characteristic metabolite of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis.

Cooperative removal of Mn^(2+),NH_(4)^(+)-N,PO_(4)^(3-)-P and F−from electrolytic manganese residue leachate and phosphogypsum leachate

Electrolytic manganese residue leachate(EMRL)contains plenty of Mn^(2+) and NH_(4)^(+)-N,and phosphogypsum leachate(PGL)contains large amounts of PO_(4)^(3-)-P and F^(-).Traditional methods of EMRL and PGL discharge could seriously damage the ecological environment.In this study,an innovative method for cooperative removal Mn^(2+),NH_(4)^(+)-N,PO_(4)^(3-)-P,F^(-)from PG and POFT was studied.The result showed that Mn^(2+),PO_(4)^(3-)-P and F^(-)were mainly removed in forms of Mg_(3)Si_(4)O_(10)(OH)_(2),Mn_(3)O_(4),Mn_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),Mg_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O,MnF_(2),MnOOH and Ca_(2)P_(2)O_(7)·2H_(2)O,when LG-MgO was used to adjust the pH value of the system to 9.5,and the volume ratio of EMRL and PGL was 1:4,as well as reaction for 1 h at 25℃.NH_(4)^(+)-N was mainly removed by struvite precipitate,when the molar ratio of N:Mg:P was 1:3:2.4.The concentrations of Mn^(2+),NH_(4)^(+)-N and F^(-)were lower than the integrated wastewater discharge standard.The concentration of PO_(4)^(3-)-P decreased from 254.20 mg/L to 3.21 mg/L.This study provided a new method for EMRL and PGL cooperative harmless treatment.

Experimental study on the type change of liquid flow in broken coal samples

A test system of the permeability of broken coal samples mainly consists of a CMT5305 electronic universal test machine, crushed rock compaction containing cylinder and a self-designed seepage circuit, which is composed of a gear pump, a reversing valve, a relief valve and other components. By using the steady penetration method, the permeability and non-Darcy flow β factor of broken coal samples under five different porosity levels were measured, the grain diameters of the coal samples were selected as 2.5-5 mm, 5-10 mm, 10-15 mm, 15-20 mm, 20-25 mm and 2.5-25 ram, respectively. After measuring the permeability under each porosity, the overfall pressure of the relief valve continuously increased until the coal sample was broken down. In this way, the flow type of liquid inside the broken coal samples changed from seepage to pipe flow. The correlation between breakdown pressure gradient （BPG） and porosity was analyzed, and the BPG was compared with the pressure gradient when seepage instability occurred. The results show that, ①the non-Darcy flow β factor was negative before broken coal samples with six kinds of diameters were broken down; ②the BPG of coal samples with a grain size of 2.5-25 mm was lower than that of the others; ③ the BPG of coal samples with a single diameter under the same porosity increased as the grain size increased; ④ the BPG could be fitted by an exponential function with porosity, and the exponent decreased as the grain size increased for coal samples with a single diameter; ⑤ the BPG was slightly less than the seepage instability pressure gradient. The change in liquid flow type from seepage to pipe flow could be regarded as the performance of the seepage instability.

Urea Preparation by Oxidative Carbonylation of Ammonia

Effective one-stage method of urea preparation by catalytic oxidative carbonylation of ammonia in liquid phase is developed. The method allows to prepare urea with productivity of-530 g/（L·h） in sufficiently mild conditions （total pressure -30 bar, 45 ℃）. The process is characterized by high selectivity （near 100%） i.e. byproducts separation is not needed. Almost all CO is consumed during the process, this substantially diminishes the waste-gas purification costs and raises the process environmental characteristics; the only byproduct is water.

Models for Assessing Pollution Damage of Asian Hair

Cigarette smoke was used to simulate a polluted environment and an experiment was performed to reveal how healthy and bleached hair are damaged by a polluted environment. The dry/wet combability, surface contact angle, tryptophan content, and cuticle morphology of the smoke-exposed hair were evaluated, and compared to unexposed virgin hair. The results showed that pollution exposure can cause significant chemical damage to hair. In particular, virgin hair exposure to pollution can cause damage to the hair cuticles(higher wet/dry combing), protein degradation, and a more hydrophilic hair surface.

Evaluation of Materials for the Separation of Germanium from Gallium, Zinc and Cobalt

In the past ^68Ge （Germanium-68） was purified with toxic organic solvents in liquid-liquid extractions making the product unacceptable by the FDA （food and drug Administration） for human use. The authors report initial studies utilizing three or four columns consisting of sequences of AG 1, AG50, Chelex 100 and/or Sephadex G25 resins. Five purification methods were examined and a separation consisting of the sequence： AG 1-Chelex100-Sephedex G25 provided 87% recovery of germanium. Fractionation of the elution resulted in high germanium concentrations.