波致海床瞬态液化对再悬浮贡献率的深度学习预测方法

波致瞬态液化渗流导致海床内细粒沉积物向海水中运移,这一过程对海底沉积物再悬浮的贡献率不容忽视,但是贡献率的准确估计和预测比较困难。本研究将黄河水下三角洲的观测数据(包括水深、有效波高、有效波周期、实验舱内悬沙浓度、实验舱外悬沙浓度)作为模型输入数据集,基于长短时记忆循环神经网络建立了瞬态液化对再悬浮贡献率的深度学习预测模型。为了客观评价模型的性能,以平均绝对百分比误差、均方根误差和平均平方误差-标准偏差为评判标准,将该深度学习模型与其他预测模型(支持向量回归模型、人工神经网络)的预测结果进行了比较。结果表明,基于长短时记忆循环神经网络的深度学习模型对3.5d以内的瞬态泵送再悬浮贡献率预测误差最小,其平均绝对百分比误差、均方根误差和平均平方误差-标准偏差分别为5.87%、1.6730、0.1574。因此,该模型可以有效地减少机器学习方法在连续预测中产生的误差叠加问题。

波浪作用下渗透率各向异性的海床液化分析

为探究波浪荷载作用下渗透率各向异性的海床的瞬态液化问题,分别以雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程和Biot多孔弹性方程作为波浪运动和海床响应的控制方程,采用LSM (LevelSet Method)法对自由表面进行追踪,以保证波浪运动模拟的准确性,并建立了波浪-海床相互作用的二维耦合数值模型.在验证数值模型合理性的基础上,进一步分析了波浪参数、海床土体的饱和度和渗透性对海床瞬态液化的影响.结果表明:波浪参数和海床土体饱和度对海床瞬态液化的影响显著;海床的瞬态最大液化深度随着波浪的高度、周期的增大而增加,随着海床土体饱和度的增大而减小;相比于海床土体的水平方向渗透系数,海床的瞬态最大液化深度对垂直方向渗透系数的变化更加敏感.

Homogenization on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2A50 aluminum alloy prepared by liquid forging

The homogenization on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2A50 aluminum alloy prepared by liquid forging was investigated.Wheel hubs were produced using direct and compound loading.The results show that the microstructure and mechanical properties are inhomogeneous in direct forged samples.The microstructure of the wall is coarser than that of the base,and the mechanical properties are lower and some defects are detected at the wheel corner.Using compound loading,the microstructure and mechanical properties of the wall are improved evidently.With increasing feeding amount,the microstructure and mechanical properties become more homogeneous.The defects disappear when the feeding amount is 4 mm.The forged wheel hubs could obtain fine and homogeneous microstructure with grain size of 20-30 μm,tensile strength of 355 MPa and elongation of 10% when the feeding amount is 10 mm.The microstructure and mechanical properties of liquid forged workpieces could be controlled and homogenized using compound loading.

Conversion of Bio-syngas to Liquid Hydrocarbon over CuCoMn-Zeolite Bifunctional Catalysts

A series of bifunctional catalysts composed of a component for higher alcohol synthesis （Cu-CoMn oxides, CCM） and an acidic zeolite （SAPO-34, ZSM-5, Y, MCM-41） were prepared for production of liquid hydrocarbon directly from a bio-syngas through a one-stage pro-cess. The effects of zeolite type, zeolite content, Si/Al ratio and preparation method on catalyst texture and its reaction performance were investigated. Higher selectivities and yields of liquid products were obtained by using bifunctional catalysts. The yields of liquid hydrocarbons decreased in the order CCM-ZSM-5〉CCM-SAPO-34〉CCM-Y〉CCM-MCM-41. CCM-ZSM-5 （20wt%, Si/Al=100） prepared by coprecipitation method displayed the optimal catalytic performance with the highest CO conversion （76%） and yield of liquid products （30%）. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, NH3-TPD, XRD, and H2-TPR analysis. The results showed that higher speci c surface areas and pore volumes of bifunctional catalysts were achieved by adding zeolites into CuCoMn precursors. Medium pore dimension and moderate acidity in CCM-ZSM-5 were observed, which proba-bly resulted in its excellent reaction performance. Additionally, a higher number of weaker acid sites （weak and/or medium acid sites） were formed by increasing ZSM-5 content in CCM-ZSM-5 or decreasing Si/Al ratio in ZSM-5. It was also seen that metal dispersion was higher and reducibility of metal ions was easier on the CCM-ZSM-5 catalyst prepared by coprecipitation. The higher alcohols-to-hydrocarbon process provides a promising route to hydrocarbon fuels via higher alcohols from syngas or biobased feedstocks.

Ion Product of Pure Water Characterized by Physics-Based Water Model

Pure water has been characterized for nearly a century, by its dissociation into hydronium （H3O）1＋ and hydroxide （HO）1- ions. As a chemical equilibrium reaction, the equilibrium constant, known as the ion product or the product of the equilibrium concentration of the two ion species, has been extensively measured by chemists over the liquid water temperature and pressure range. The experimental data have been nonlinear least-squares fitted to chemical thermodynamic-based equilibrium equations, which have been accepted as the industrial standard for 35 years. In this study, a new and statistical-physics-based water ion product equation is presented, in which, the ions are the positively charged protons and the negatively charged proton-holes or prohols. Nonlinear least squares fits of our equation to the experimental data in the 0-100℃ pure liquid water range, give a factor of two better precision than the 35-year industrial standard.

Undrained Behaviour of Silt under Static and Cyclic Loading

In this study, the undrained behaviour of silt under low stress level is studied. An effective preparation method for built-in silt samples in the triaxial test was firstly developed. By triaxial testing of samples at low confining pressures it was found that silt easily loses stability and liquefies. Loose silt may show temporary liquefaction under static loading, and develop full liquefaction under cyclic loading. The most important factors influencing the silt behaviour are porosity, confining pressure, consolidation state, cyclic loading level and number of cycles. The maximum obtainable shear stress is primarily a function of the confining pressure and the internal frictional angle. The actual structure of the silt material is the key factor in controlling its behaviour.

Kinetics of Non-catalyzed Decomposition of D-xylose in High Temperature Liquid Water

The kinetics of non-catalyzed decompositions of xylose and its decomposition product furfural in high temperature liquid water （HTLW） was studied for temperature from 180 to 220℃ and under pressure of 10MPa. The main products of xylose decomposition were furfural and formic acid, and furfural further degraded to formic acid under HTLW condition. With the assumption of first order kinetics e.quation, the evaluated activation energy of xylose and furfural decomposition was 123.27kJ·mol^-1 and 58.84kJ·mol^-1, respectively.

Altered profiles of nuclear matrix proteins during the differentiation of human gastric mucous adenocarcinoma MGc80-3 cells

AIM： To find and identify specific nuclear matrix proteins associated with proliferation and differentiation of carcinoma cells, which will be potential markers for cancer diagnosis and targets in cancer therapy. METHODS： Nuclear matrix proteins were selectively extracted from MGcS0-3 cells treated with or without hexamethylamine bisacetamide （HMBA）, and subjected to 2-D gel electrophoresis. The resulted protein patterns were analyzed by Melanie software. Spots of nuclear matrix proteins differentially expressed were excised and subjected to in situ digestion with trypsin. Peptide masses were obtained by matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ ionization time of flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOFMS） analysis and submitted for database searching using Mascot tool. RESULTS： The MGc80-3 cells were induced into differentiation by HMBA. There were 22 protein spots which changed remarkably in the nuclear matrix, from differentiation of MGcS0-3 cells compared to control. Eleven of which were identified. Seven proteinsactin, prohibitin, porin 31HL, heterogeneous nuclear dbonucleoprotein A2/B1, vimentin, ATP synthase, and heat shock protein 60 were downregulated, whereas three proteins - heat shock protein gp96, heat shock protein 90-beta, and valosin-containing protein were upregulated, and the oxygen-regulated protein was only found in the differentiated MGc80-3 cells. CONCLUSION： The induced differentiation of carcinoma cells is accompanied by the changes of nuclear matrix proteins. Further characterization of those proteins will show the mechanism of cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as cancer differentiation.

Tuning the Morphology of Pharmaceutical Compounds via Model Based Solvent Selection

In this paper we present a strategy for tuning the crystal morphology of pharmaceutical compounds by the appropriate choice of solvent via an optimization model. A three-stage approach involving a pre-design stage, a product design stage and a post-design experimental verification stage is presented. The pre-design stage addresses the tormulation of the property constraint tor crystal morphology. This involves crystallization experiments aria development of property models and constraints for morphology. In the design stage various property requirements for the solvent along with crystal morphology are considered and the product design problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming model.The design stage provides an optimal solvent/list of candidate solvents. Similar to the pre-design stage, in the post design experimental verification stage, the morphology of the crystals （precipitated from the designed solvent） is verified through crystallization experiments followed by product characterization via scanni＇ng electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction imaging and Fourier transform spectra analysis.

Effect of Si content on interfacial reaction and properties between solid steel and liquid aluminum

The effect of Si content on the microstructures and growth kinetics of intermetallic compounds(IMCs)formed during the initial interfacial reaction(<10 s)between solid steel and liquid aluminum was investigated by a thermophysical simulation method.The influence of Si addition on interfacial mechanical properties was revealed by a high-frequency induction brazing.The results showed that IMCs layers mainly consisted ofη-Fe_(2)Al_(5)andθ-Fe_(4)Al_(13).The addition of Si reduced the thickness of the IMCs layer.The growth of theηphase was governed by the diffusion process when adding 2 wt.%Si to the aluminum melt.When 5 wt.%or 8 wt.%Si was added to aluminum,the growth was governed by both the diffusion process and interfacial reaction,and ternary phaseτ1/τ9-(Al,Si)_(5)Fe_(3)was formed in theηphase.The apparent activation energies of theηphase decreased gradually with increasing Si content.The joint with pure aluminum metal had the highest tensile strength and impact energy.

Deduction and experimental investigation of constitutive relation of liquefaction of saturated sand

According to the existing problems of liquefaction models of saturated sand that were put forward under dynamic action,on the basis of Handin-Drnevich model,a new calculating model of the dynamic constitutive relation of saturated sand was put forward.The model was based on the basic hypothesis of instantaneous limit balance according to the basic principle that the stress estate is the destroyed condition was not overstepped.The calculated method of increment nonlinear was referenced and combined with the excellence of the model of distributed particles.The process of vibrating liquefaction of saturated sand was divided into some areas.And the phenomena of shearing dilatation and unloading shrink of saturated sand were considered.On above basic a new calculating constitutive relation model was proposed.There are a few parameters in the model.The physical means of the parameters are very evident and quantized.They could be obtained from the dynamic triaxial test in door.The model was contrasted and validated with the results of the dynamic triaxial test in door.The comparison of the results of the dynamic triaxial test in door and the calculating results of the model indicates that all sorts of phenomenon appearing in the process of liquefaction of saturated sand could be more perfectly reflected by the model.Especially at the initial stage of development of pore water pressure and strain of saturated sand,the results of the dynamic triaxial test in door are consistent with the calculated results of the model very much.But there is some difference between the results at the anaphase of development of pore water pressure and strain.On the path of stress,the calculating and experimenting ultimate state surfaces are almost identical.

Biohydrogen Production from Synthetic Waste Co-digested with Liquid Dairy Cow Manure： Effect of Temperature and Mixing Ratio

Biohydrogen production from synthetic waste, SW （model organic fraction of municipal solid waste） co-digested with liquid dairy manure （M） was tested in batch reactions to assess the effect of temperature and mixing ratio of the substrates. A 5 × 2 factorial design experiment was conducted. Synthetic waste： manure mixtures of 1：1, 2：1, 3：1, 1：0, 0：1 （volatile solids, VS, basis） were tested at 37 （T37） and 55 ℃ （T55） using thirty 1 L laboratory scale digesters. Total VS of each mixture was 50 g/L except SW：M 0：I treatment, where total VS was 27.4 g/L. Gas samples were taken daily to determine hydrogen production, and slurry samples taken before and after experimentation, were analyzed for volatile fatty acid （VFA） concentration, volatile solid （VS） degradation, ammonium nitrogen （NH4＋-N） and pH. Hydrogen production （mL/g-VS fed） showed a significant two-factor interaction between incubation temperature and SW：M ratio （P 〈 0.001）. Maximum production of 15.8 mL/g-VS （fed） was achieved in SW：M ratio of 3：1 at 55 ℃. Generally, hydrogen productions at thermophilic temperature （T55） were significantly higher than at mesophilic （T37） temperature for all treatments （P 〈 0.001） except for SW：M 1：0 and SW：M 0：1 treatments （P 〉 0.05）. This study indicates that hydrogen production from co-digestion of synthetic waste and manure is dependent on incubation temperature and relative contribution of wastes in the mixture.

Methodology of non-equilibrium thermodynamics for kinetics research of CO_2 capture by ionic liquids

In this paper, the methodology of non-equilibrium thermodynamics is introduced for kinetics research of CO2 capture by ionic liquids, and the following three key scientific problems are proposed to apply the methodology in kinetics research of CO2 capture by ionic liquids: reliable thermodynamic models, interfacial transport rate description and accurate experimental flux. The obtaining of accurate experimental flux requires reliable experimental kinetics data and the effective transport area in the CO2 capture process by ionic liquids. Research advances in the three key scientific problems are reviewed systematically and further work is analyzed. Finally, perspectives of non-equilibrium thermodynamic research of the kinetics of CO2 capture by ionic liquids are proposed.

Morphological changes of roof of subacromial bursa in patients with rotator cuff tear

Objective: To investigate the morphological chan ges of the roof of the subacromial bursa (SAB) and its involvement extent after rotator cuff tear. Methods: In the experimental group,the roof of SAB was obtaine d from 30 cases of rotator cuff tear both at the tear site and a site 2.5 - 3.0 cm distal to the tear site during rotator cuff repair. In the control gr oup,the roof of SAB was obtained from the exposed site of recurrently dislocate d shoulder or fractured humeral shaft of 8 cases. The specimens were stained wit h hematoxylin and eosin and observed under a transmission electron microscope. T he cell number was quantitated through counting the blue-stained nucleus in SAB with a computer image analysis system.Results: The number of cells increased significantly in the roo f of SAB in the experimental group compared with that of the control group. Howe ver,no difference of the bursal reaction was found among the type of rotator cu ff tear,the bursa thickness and the presence of fluid in the bursa. The great m ajority of cells were type B cells observed under the transmission electron micr oscope.Conclusions: The increase in cell number in the roof of SAB in the experimental group is a reactive increase rather than an inflammatory proces s and the involvement of SAB is not limited in extent. The change of the roof of SAB is a secondary reaction to the rotator cuff tear.

Simultaneous acquisition of multi-nuclei enhanced NMR/MRI by solution-state dynamic nuclear polarization

Dynamic nuclear polarization （DNP） has become a very important hyperpolarization method because it can dramatically increase the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） of various molecules. Liquid-state DNP based on Overhauser effect is capable of directly enhancing polarization of all kinds of nuclei in the system. The combination of simultaneous Overhauser multi-nuclei enhancements with the multi-nuclei parallel acquisitions provides a variety of important applications in both MR spectroscopy （MRS） and image （MRI）. Here we present two simple illustrative examples for simultaneously enhanced multi-nuclear spectra and images to demonstrate the principle and superiority. We have observed very large simultaneous DNP enhancements for different nuclei, such as XH and 23Na, 1H and 31p, 19F and 31p, especially for the first time to report sodium ion enhancement in liquid. We have also obtained the simultaneous images of 19H and 31p, 19F and 31p at low field by solution-state DNP for the first time.

Insight into the rapid growth of graphene single crystals on liquid metal via chemical vapor deposition

Previous reports about the growth of large graphene single crystals on polycrystalline metal substrates usually adopted the strategy of suppressing the nucleation by lowering the concentration of the feedstock, which greatly limited the rate of the nucleation and the sequent growth. The emerging liquid metal catalyst possesses the characteristic of quasi-atomically smooth surface with high diffusion rate. In principle, it should be a naturally ideal platform for the lowdensity nucleation and the fast growth of graphene. However,the rapid growth of large graphene single crystals on liquid metals has not received the due attention. In this paper, we firstly purposed the insight into the rapid growth of large graphene single crystals on liquid metals. We obtained the millimeter-size graphene single crystals on liquid Cu. The rich free-electrons in liquid Cu accelerate the nucleation, and the isotropic smooth surface greatly suppresses the nucleation.Moreover, the fast mass-transfer of carbon atoms due to the excellent fluidity of liquid Cu promotes the fast growth with a rate up to 79 μm s^-1. We hope the research on the growth speed of graphene on liquid Cu can enrich the recognition of the growth behavior of two-dimensional(2 D) materials on the liquid metal. We also believe that the liquid metal strategy for the rapid growth of graphene can be extended to various 2 D materials and thus promote their future applications in the photonics and electronics.

Experimental Studies on Combustion Characteristics of Mixed Municipal Solid Waste

In our country, municipal solid wastes (MSW) are always burnt in their original forms and only a few pretreatments are taken. Therefore it is vital to study the combustion characteristics of mixed waste. In this paper, thermogravimetric analysis and a lab scale fluidized bed facility were used as experimental means. The data in two different experimental systems were introduced and compared. It took MSW 3-3.5 min to burn out in FB, but in thermogravimetric analyzer, the time is 20-25 min. It can be concluded that, in general, the behavior of a mixture of waste in TGA can be expressed by simple combination of individual components of the waste mixtures. Only minor deviations from the rule were observed. Yet, in Fluidized Bed, it was found that, for some mixtures, there was interference among the components during fluidized bed combustion.

Time-Dependent Action in φ~6 Potential

The false vacuum decay in field theory from a coherently oscillating initial state is studied for φ6 potential. An oscillating bubble solution is obtained. The instantaneous bubble nucleation rate is calculated.

Variation in entrainment rate and relationship with cloud microphysical properties on the scale of 5m

This paper focuses on the variability in entrainment rate in individual cumulus clouds using the entrainment rate estimated on the scale of 5 m in 186 shallow cumulus clouds from eight aircraft flights, using in situ observations from the RACORO field campaign （the routine atmospheric radiation measurement aerial facility clouds with low optical water depths optical radiative observations） over the atmospheric radiation measurement Southern Great Plains site, USA. The result shows that the mean entrainment rate of all the 186 clouds systematically decreases from the cloud edge to the cloud center. Further analysis of the fluctuation of entrainment rate shows that the probability density function of entrainment rate in each flight can be fitted by the lognormal, gamma, or Weibull distributions virtually equally well, with the Weibull dis- tribution being the best. The parameter ＂standard devia- tion＂ in the lognormal distribution is weakly negatively correlated, and the other parameters in the three distribu- tions are positively correlated with relative humidity in the entrained dry air and dilution effect, respectively. Entrainment rate is negatively correlated with droplet concentration, droplet size, and liquid water content, but positively correlated with relative dispersion. The effect of entrainment rate on the spectral shape of cloud droplet size distribution is examined and linked to the systems theory on the cloud droplet size distribution.