增液补气化瘀清热汤治疗便秘的临床研究

目的观察增液补气化瘀清热汤治疗便秘的临床疗效,以及改善腹胀、食欲差、头晕、乏力、心烦等症状的效果。方法以2018年5月—2020年5月在北京市通州区中西医结合医院中医科门诊运用增液补气化瘀清热汤治疗便秘的38例患者为研究对象,统计观察治疗1周、治疗2周后患者便秘及腹胀、食欲差、头晕、乏力、心烦等症状情况。结果治疗1周后,治疗有效率86.84%,治疗2周后,治疗有效率达到94.74%,增液补气化瘀清热汤治疗便秘,患者便秘状况明显改善。治疗1周与治疗2周比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗效果方面比较接近、疗效相对稳定。治疗1周后部分患者腹胀、饮食差、头晕、乏力、心烦等症状均减轻与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗2周后部分患者腹胀、饮食差、头晕、乏力、心烦等症状均明显减轻与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。而治疗1周与治疗2周后便秘患者腹胀、饮食差、头晕、乏力、心烦等症状比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论增液补气化瘀清热汤,无论治疗便秘,还是改善腹胀、食欲差、头晕、乏力、心烦等症状,效果明显,临床中可以参考应用。

一种液氯全气化工艺的设计

介绍一种液氯连续气化供氯的全气化工艺及干式气化器设备,该气化器改变了传统液氯不能用蒸汽直接加热的局限,且降低了能耗,工艺过程的控制延长了设备的使用寿命,并且提高了液氯在气化工艺上的本质安全性。从液氯气化工艺控制、气化器设备的技术参数及特点、材料选择、结构设计等方面进行了阐述。

气化液氯过程中三氯化氮的危害及预防措施

三氯化氮的危险性是很大的,现针对气化液氯过程中三氯化氮的危害提出相应的预防措施。

液氧贮存气化系统中压液氧泵的改进

通过对中压液氧泵同步齿形传动带的计算、校核和分析，得出加强力层聚氨酯传动带易被挣断的原因是单位宽度上的拉力大于许用拉力的结论。并提出了增加带宽,提高安装质量和进口件国产化的改进措施。

如此节约液化气——危险

有些液化石油气用户,一味追求节约,忽视安全,采取了一些既不安全,又不科学的“节约措施”。这些措施纵然可能有一定程度的节约,但却很危险,甚至有不少着火爆炸的例子。现在不妨介绍几例,以兹说明。 有的用户在液化石油气将用完时,还要挖潜,利用余热,采取用火烤,用热水、开水烫气瓶的方法,以使部分残液气化,达到充分利用的目的。殊不知这样做很不安全,有可能发生爆炸,危及人身性命。还有一些用户认为灶具开关开得越小越省气,实际上并不完全如此。如以烧水为例,当水壶吸收的热量小于向外散失的热量时,水是不会烧开的,反倒浪费了液化气。而且,如果灶具开关开得过小的话,则喷出的液化气的速度也很小。

废弃物及生物质的超临界流体转化技术

综述了用超临界流体进行废弃物和生物质的转化。由于超临界流体的特殊性质 ,使得用超临界流体进行转化具有效率高、速度快、污染性副产品少的特点 ,是一种很有实用价值的物料处理和转化技术。

Age Differences in Behavioral Responses of Male Giant Pandas to Chemosensory Stimulation

Chemical communication plays an important role in survival and reproductive success in mammalian species. In the present study, we examined the ontogenetic pattern of behavioral responses of male giant pandas （Ailuropoda melanoleuca ） to urine odors of conspecific individuals. Our data showed that exposure to the urine of adult females induced a significant increase in sniffing and environmental sniffing/licking behaviors, but a decrease in biting behavior, in males. Males of different ages displayed specific behaviors to female urine odors. Adult males spent more time licking than juvenile and sub-adult males. Further, sub-adult and adult males displayed high levels of environmental sniffing/licking, which was absent in the juvenile males. Juvenile males displayed scent rubbing behavior significantly more frequently than sub-adult and adult males, and also spent more time showing biting behavior than sub-adult males. Finally, juvenile and sub-aduh males showed no difference in response to female and male urine odors. Together, these data suggest that chemosensory cues from conspecific urines induce age-specific responses in male giant pandas.

Comparison of two schemes for district cooling system utilizing cold energy of liquefied natural gas

Two schemes（scheme Ⅰ and scheme Ⅱ）for designing a district cooling system（DCS）utilizing cold energy of liquefied natural gas（LNG）are presented.In scheme Ⅰ,LNG cold energy is used to produce ice,and then ice is transported to the central cooling plant of the DCS.In scheme Ⅱ,return water from the DCS is directly chilled by LNG cold energy,and the chilled water is then sent back to the central plant.The heat transportation loss is the main negative impact in the DCS and is emphatically analyzed when evaluating the efficiency of each scheme.The results show that the DCS utilizing LNG cold energy is feasible and valuable.The cooling supply distance of scheme Ⅱ is limited within 13 km while scheme Ⅰ has no distance limit.When the distance is between 6 and 13 km,scheme Ⅱ is more practical and effective.Contrarily,scheme Ⅰ has a better economic performance when the distance is shorter than 6 km or longer than 13 km.

Conversion of Bio-syngas to Liquid Hydrocarbon over CuCoMn-Zeolite Bifunctional Catalysts

A series of bifunctional catalysts composed of a component for higher alcohol synthesis （Cu-CoMn oxides, CCM） and an acidic zeolite （SAPO-34, ZSM-5, Y, MCM-41） were prepared for production of liquid hydrocarbon directly from a bio-syngas through a one-stage pro-cess. The effects of zeolite type, zeolite content, Si/Al ratio and preparation method on catalyst texture and its reaction performance were investigated. Higher selectivities and yields of liquid products were obtained by using bifunctional catalysts. The yields of liquid hydrocarbons decreased in the order CCM-ZSM-5〉CCM-SAPO-34〉CCM-Y〉CCM-MCM-41. CCM-ZSM-5 （20wt%, Si/Al=100） prepared by coprecipitation method displayed the optimal catalytic performance with the highest CO conversion （76%） and yield of liquid products （30%）. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, NH3-TPD, XRD, and H2-TPR analysis. The results showed that higher speci c surface areas and pore volumes of bifunctional catalysts were achieved by adding zeolites into CuCoMn precursors. Medium pore dimension and moderate acidity in CCM-ZSM-5 were observed, which proba-bly resulted in its excellent reaction performance. Additionally, a higher number of weaker acid sites （weak and/or medium acid sites） were formed by increasing ZSM-5 content in CCM-ZSM-5 or decreasing Si/Al ratio in ZSM-5. It was also seen that metal dispersion was higher and reducibility of metal ions was easier on the CCM-ZSM-5 catalyst prepared by coprecipitation. The higher alcohols-to-hydrocarbon process provides a promising route to hydrocarbon fuels via higher alcohols from syngas or biobased feedstocks.

In-situ investigation of atmospheric corrosion behavior of bronze under thin electrolyte layers using electrochemical technique

The atmospheric corrosion behavior of bronze under thin electrolyte layer （TEL） with different thicknesses was monitored using cathodic polarization curves, open circuit potential （OCP） and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. Cathodic polarization result indicates that the cathodic limiting current density increases with decreasing the TEL thickness. EIS result shows that the corrosion rate increases with decreasing the TEL thickness at the initial stage because the corrosion is dominated by the cathodic process, whereas after long immersion time, the corrosion degree with the TEL thickness is in the sequence of 150 μm 〉 310 μm〉 10μm ≈ bulk solution 〉 57 μm. The measurements of OCP and EIS present in-situ electrochemical corrosion information and their results are in good agreement with that of physical characterizations.

A review of the direct oxidation of methane to methanol

This article briefly reviewed the advances in the process of the direct oxidation of methane to methanol （DMTM） with both heterogeneous and homogeneous oxidation. Attention was paid to the conversion of methane by the heterogeneous oxidation process with various transition metal ox‐ides. The most widely studied catalysts are based on molybdenum and iron. For the homogeneous gas phase oxidation, several process control parameters were discussed. Reactor design has the most crucial role in determining its commercialization. Compared to the above two systems, aque‐ous homogenous oxidation is an efficient route to get a higher yield of methanol. However, the cor‐rosive medium in this method and its serious environmental pollution hinder its widespread use. The key challenge to the industrial application is to find a green medium and highly efficient cata‐lysts.

大型过压烧结炉氩气供应及回收净化系统

介绍了大型过压烧结炉的供氩及回收净化系统设计,分析了系统的特点,论证了采用液氩高压气化及回收净化供氩系统的技术经济优越性。

云南腾冲县小龙河锡矿床成因及找矿前景

小龙河锡矿矿体产于花岗岩体与围岩的接触带中,燕山晚期的花岗岩浆侵入及不断演化为成矿提供了物质来源,随后的构造作用在岩体顶部形成的张剪节理,为矿质沉淀提供了空间场所。主要属气化-高温热液云英岩型锡矿床。

Integration of Low-level Waste Heat Recovery and Liquefied Nature Gas Cold Energy Utilization

Two novel thermal cycles based on Brayton cycle and Rankine cycle are proposed, respectively, which integrate the recovery of low-level waste heat and Liquefied Nature Gas （LNG） cold energy utilization for power generation. Cascade utilization of energy is realized in the two thermal cycles, where low-level waste heat,low-temperature exergy and pressure exergy of LNG are utilized efficiently through the system synthesis. The simulations are carried out using the commercial Aspen Plus 10.2, and the results are analyzed. Compared with the conventional Brayton cycle and Rankine cycle, the two novel cycles bring 60.94% and 60% in exergy efficiency, respectively and 53.08% and 52.31% in thermal efficiency, respectively.

Structure characterization and electrochemical properties of new lithium salt LiODFB for electrolyte of lithium ion batteries

Lithium difluoro(axalato)borate (LiODFB) was synthesized in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) solvent and purified by the method of solventing-out crystallization. The structure characterization of the purified LiODFB was performed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. The electrochemical properties of the cells using 1 mol/L LiPF6 and 1 mol/L LiODFB in ethylene carbonate (EC)/DMC were investigated, respectively. The results indicate that LiODFB can be reduced at about 1.5 V and form a robust protective solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film on the graphite surface in the first cycle. The graphite/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cells with LiODFB-based electrolyte have very good capacity retention at 55 ℃, and show very good rate capability at 0.5C and 1C charge/discharge rate. Therefore, as a new salt, LiODFB is a most promising alternative lithium salt to replace LiPF6 for lithium ion battery electrolytes in the future.

Estimation on Global Reaction Heat for the Aromatization Process of Liquefied Petroleum Gas

The reaction heat effect analysis for the aromatization process of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was completed in this paper. In order to characterize this complex reaction system, one set of independent reactions was determined by means of atomic coefficient matrix method. Based on reaction thermodynamic and stoichiometric knowledge, the heat effect, Gibbs free energy change and equilibrium constant for each independent reaction was calculated for the specified conditions. Under these conditions, based on the initial and final composition data from LPG aromatization experiments, the actual extent of reaction for each independent reaction was determined. Furthermore, the global reaction heat and adiabatic temperature rise of LPG aromatization reaction system could be estimated. This work would provide a theoretical guidance for the design and scale-up of reactor for LPG aromatization process, as well as for the selection of proper operating conditions.

Precipitation of antimony from the solution of sodium thioantimonite by air oxidation in the presence of catalytic agents

The behavior of antimony oxidation in the solution of sodium thioantimonite was studied in the presence of catalytic agents. The catalytic effects of the respective addition of cupric sulfate, sodium tartrate, potassium permanganate, phenol, 1,2 dihydroxybenzene and their combination on the oxidation of sodium thioantimonite were investigated. A pilot test was carried out. The results show that the respective use of sodium tartrate, cupric sulfate, potassium permanganate, phenol and 1,2 dihydroxybenzene have little catalytic effect on the oxidation of sodium thioantimonite. However there exists obvious catalytic oxidation by the combination of 0.25 g/L 1,2 dihydroxybenzene, 0.5 g/L potassium permanganate and 1.0 g/L phenol. Moreover, high blast intensity, the increase of temperature and NaOH concentration favor the oxidation of antimony. The oxidation process of antimony has such advantages as quick reaction and low operation costs. The results of the pilot test are consistent with those of laboratory experiments.

Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer in a Slurry Bubble Column Reactor under High Temperature and High Pressure

The gas-liquid mass transfer of H2 and CO in a high temperature and high-pressure three-phase slurry bubble column reactor is studied. The gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficients kLa are obtained by measuring the dissolution rate of H2 and CO. The influences of the main operation conditions, such as temperature, pressure, superficial gas velocity and solid concentration, are studied systematically. Two empirical correlations are proposed to predict kLa values for H2 and CO in liquid paraffin/solid particles slurry bubble column reactors.

The Model of Thermal Response of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Tanks Partially Exposed to Jet Fire

This paper describes a mathematical model developed to study the behavior of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tanks when subjected to jet fire. The model consists of a number of field and zone sub-models which are used to simulate the various physical phenomena taking place during the tank engulfment period. The model can be used to predict the pressure and temperature of the LPG in the tank, the temperature of the wall of tank, and the time of tank explosion. The comparisons between the model predicted results and the test data show good agreement. The results show that the jet fire partially impinging on tank wall led to higher wall temperature and the time to failure was shorter than that in engulfing pool fire. And the exposure of the upper wall in the vapor zone to the fire is more dangerous than that of the LPG contacted wall.