疏水膜气液分离预处理纳氏试剂分光光度法测定氨氮适用性研究

采用疏水膜气液分离预处理纳氏试剂分光光度法检测水质样品中氨氮,根据测定结果分析方法的校准曲线相关系数、检出限、精密度和准确度等性能参数,同时与传统标准方法《水质氨氮的测定纳氏试剂分光光度法》(HJ 535—2009)进行比对实验。实验结果表明,疏水膜气液分离预处理纳氏试剂分光光度法测定氨氮时,氨氮含量在0.0~100.0μg/L范围内线性相关系数为0.999 2,线性关系良好;疏水膜气液分离预处理纳氏试剂分光光度法测定氨氮的检出限为0.008 mg/L,测定下限为0.032 mg/L;疏水膜气液分离预处理纳氏试剂分光光度法测定低质量浓度地表水、中质量浓度生活污水和高质量浓度工业废水样品的氨氮精密度在1.9%~3.1%之间,精密度良好;疏水膜气液分离预处理纳氏试剂分光光度法测定4种不同浓度氨氮有证标准物质的相对误差范围在-2.8%~1.2%之间,准确度较高。采用疏水膜气液分离预处理纳氏试剂分光光度法和传统标准方法HJ 535测定实验用水、地表水、生活污水和工业废水,测定结果显示2种方法无显著差异,2种方法的实际样品加标回收率也均符合国家相关质量控制要求。疏水膜气液分离预处理纳氏试剂分光光度法能够满足常规水质氨氮检测的需求。

HYQF1.6/6-24/240-W钻井液气分离器的研制与应用

针对目前国内钻井队对钻井液气分离器的需求,研制开发出了HYQF1.6/624/240W钻井液气分离器。该钻井液气分离器根据强制重力分离原理,采用二相分离器,折板除雾器除雾效果好,不易堵塞,丝网除沫器能除尽细小液滴。该钻井液气分离器为卧式结构、升降式底座,容积大、液气处理量大、工作压力高,陆地钻井和海上钻井平台钻井都适用。罐内设置暖气片组,通上气暖或水暖在寒冷冬天不影响使用;液气分离器分离出的液体进入循环罐后继续使用;分离出的有毒、有害气体用排气管线引出井场;点火管上安装的点火器会自动点火燃烧,利于环境保护,较好地克服了现有钻井液气分离器存在的不足,满足了气侵钻井液处理的要求。

A Novel Surface Aeration Configuration for Improving Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer

A novel surface aeration configuration featured with aself-rotating and floating baffle (SRFB) and a Rushton disk turbine(DT) with a perforated disk has been developed. The SRFB, consistedof 12 fan blades twisted By an angle of 30 deg to the horizontalplane, is incorporated onto the impeller shaft to improve gasentrainment, bubble Breakup, mixing in a φ 154 mm agitated vessel.This new configuration is compared to the conventional DT surfaceAeration experimentally. The results suggest that the criticalimpeller speed for onset of gas entrainment is lower for The newconfiguration and it demands greater power consumption. Moreover, theSRFB system produces 30/100-168/100 Higher volumetric mass transfercoefficient per unit power input than that obtained in theconventional DT surface Aerator under the same operation conditions.

Effects of impingement and friction of swirling air stream on prefilming airblast atomization of non-Newtonian fluids

Liquids to be broken up using a prefilming airblast atomizer are usually Newton liquids with relatively low viscosities.While in some industrial processes,such as spray drying,liquids to be atomized are high concentration suspensions or non-Newtonian fluids with high viscosities.In this paper,non-Newtonian fluids with viscosity up to 4.4 Pa·s were effectively atomized using a specially designed prefilming airblast atomizer.The atomizer enabled liquid to extend to a thickness-adjustable film and forced the atomizing air stream to swirl with 30° or 45° through gas distributors with spiral slots.The liquid film was impinged by the swirling air stream resulting in the disintegration of the film into drops.Drop sizes were measured using a laser diffraction technique.An improved four-parameter mathematical model was established to relate the Sauter mean diameter of drops to the atomization conditions in terms of power dependencies on three dimensionless groups:Weber number,Ohnesorge number and air liquid mass ratio.The friction on the surface of the liquid film made by swirling air stream played an important role in the prefilming atomization at the conditions of low air velocity and low liquid viscosity.In this case,the liquid film was disintegrated into drops according to the classical wavy-sheet mechanism,thus thinner liquid films and high swirl levels of the atomizing air produced smaller drops.With the increase of the air velocity and the liquid viscosity,the effect of the friction on the prefilming atomization relatively weakened,whereas the impingement on the liquid film made by atomizing air stream in a direction normal to the liquid film and corresponding momentum transfer gradually strengthened and eventually dominated the disruption of liquid into drops,which induced that the initial thickness of the liquid film and the swirl of atomizing air stream exercised a minor influence on the drop sizes.

Local Measurement of Gas-Liquid Bubbly Flow with a Double-Sensor Probe

A double-sensor probe was used to measure local interfacial parameters of a gas-liquid bubbly flow in a horizontal tube. The parameters included void fraction, interfacial concentration, bubble size distribution, bubble frequency and bubble interface velocity. The authors paid special attention to the probe design and construction for minimizing measurement errors. Measures were also taken in the design of sensor ends for preventing corrosions in the flow. This is an effort to improve the current double-sensor probe technique to meet the ever-increasing needs to local parameter measurements in gas-liquid two-phase flows.

Advanced partial nucleation for single-phase FA0.92MA0.08PbI3-based high-efficiency perovskite solar cells

To date, extensive research has been carried out,with considerable success, on the development of highperformance perovskite solar cells(PSCs). Owing to its wide absorption range and remarkable thermal stability, the mixedcation perovskite FAxMA1-xPbI3(formamidinium/methylammonium lead iodide) promises high performance. However, the ratio of the mixed cations in the perovskite film has proved difficult to control with precursor solution. In addition, the FAxMA1-xPbI3 films contain a high percentage of MA+and suffer from serious phase separation and high trap states, resulting in inferior photovoltaic performance. In this study, to suppress phase separation, a post-processing method was developed to partially nucleate before annealing, by treating the as-prepared intermediate phase FAI-Pb I2-DMSO(DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide) with mixed FAI/MAI solution. It was found that in the final perovskite, FA0.92MA0.08 PbI3, defects were substantially reduced because the analogous molecular structure initiated ion exchange in the post-processed thin perovskite films, which advanced partial nucleation. As a result, the increased light harvesting and reduced trap states contributed to the enhancement of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. The PSCs produced by the post-processing method presented reliable reproducibility, with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 20.80% and a degradation of ~30% for 80 days in standard atmospheric conditions.

压力水电解制氢装置的安全运行

介绍产氢量为40m^3／h以上压力水电解制氢装置安全运行注意事项，对运行中多发问题提出讨论改进意见。