Demulsification of emulsified water-in-oil droplets was worked out with the employment of wetting coalescence materials. Demulsification is carried out in conventional stirred-column and packed-column. Among the four ...Demulsification of emulsified water-in-oil droplets was worked out with the employment of wetting coalescence materials. Demulsification is carried out in conventional stirred-column and packed-column. Among the four kinds of natural fibers and two kinds of inorganic materials tested, natural fiber A, originated from wood shavings was found to give the best performance of demulsification. The demulsification efficiency can exceed 96.5% when demulsification conditions are optimized. The packed-column showed much better performance both in terms of demulsification efficiency and repeated use of the recovered oil phase for extracting cadmium in simulated wastewater. Operating variables governing the demulsification efficiency were investigated.展开更多
Using the high-speed camera the time sequences of the classical flow patterns of horizontal gas-liquid pipe flow are recorded, from which the average gray-scale values of single-frame images are extracted. Thus obtain...Using the high-speed camera the time sequences of the classical flow patterns of horizontal gas-liquid pipe flow are recorded, from which the average gray-scale values of single-frame images are extracted. Thus obtained gray-scale time series is decomposed by the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method, the various scales of the signals are processed by Hurst exponent method, and then the dual-fractal characteristics are obtained. The scattered bubble and the bubble cluster theories are applied to the evolution analysis of two-phase flow patterns. At the same time the various signals are checked in the chaotic recursion chart by which the two typical characteristics (diagonal average length and Shannon entropy) are obtained. Resulting term of these properties, the dynamic characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the evolution paths of gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns can be well characterized by the integrated analysis on the basis of the gray-scale time series of flowing images from EMD, Hurst exponents and Recurrence Plot (RP). In the middle frequency section (2nd, 3rd, 4th scales), three flow patterns decomposed by the EMD exhibit dual fractal characteristics which represent the dynamic features of bubble cluster, single bubble, slug bubble and scattered bubble. According to the change of diagonal average lengths and recursive Shannon entropy characteristic value, the structure deterministic of the slug flow is better than the other two patterns. After the decomposition by EMD the slug flow and the mist flow in the high frequency section have obvious peaks. Anyway, it is an effective way to understand and characterize the dynamic characteristics of two-phase flow patterns using the multi-scale non-linear analysis method based on image gray-scale fluctuation signals.展开更多
In this study, a system involving two-dimensional, column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） coupled with tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） was developed and optimized for the analysis of an...In this study, a system involving two-dimensional, column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） coupled with tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） was developed and optimized for the analysis of antibiotics and their related substances. In the first-dimensional chromatography, the analytes were separated on a zwitterion exchange-reversed phase-hydrophitic interaction （ZIC-RP-HILIC） mixed-mode column coupled with tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）. A commonly used reversed phase LC column was employed in the second-dimensional chromatography. The mobile phase for the ZIC-RP-HILIC mixed-mode chromatography consisted of a volatile buffer that was compatible with LC-MS/MS, which enhanced the efficiency of ionization for structure elucidation. The antibiotic impurities eluted in the ion-pairing reversed phase chromatography were directly characterized by the ZIC-RP-HILIC-MS system, and the orthogonal separation of ZIC-RP-HILIC mixed-mode chromatography and reversed phase LC provided extra confidence that no impurity was missed. The efficiency of this method was demonstrated in the analysis of penicillin V potassium, oxacillin sodium, ceftriaxone sodium, and their impurities. In addition, this method is convenient for impurity profiling of antibiotics, and may be used for the analysis of other pharmaceutical ingredients.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats of the decoction of Yiqihuoxue formula and the solution prepared with the extracts from the individual herbal medicines of the...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats of the decoction of Yiqihuoxue formula and the solution prepared with the extracts from the individual herbal medicines of the formula. METHODS: The rat models of NAFLD were established with high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, the model group, the decoction group and the solution group, 8 for each group. From the 6th week, drinking water, the decoction and the solution were intragastrically administrated accordingly to the rats for 5 weeks. The pathological changes of the liver tissues were observed with Hematoxylin and eosin staining, triglyceride levels in liver tissues measured, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity measured, and serum gastrin and motilin tested. RESULTS: Fatty degeneration and vacuole-like changes to various degrees occurred in hepaticcells of the model group. Indicators for fat metabolism, serum ALT activity and hepatic triglyceride level significantly increased, while serum gastrin and motilin levels significantly decreased. Serum ALT activity and the fatty deposition in hepatocytes were significantly reduced. In the meantime, the expressions of gastrin and motilin in the serum rose significantly in the treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Both the decoction and the extracts-mixed solution had effect on NAFLD of protecting the liver function and reducing the fatty deposition in liver, which might be achieved by regulating the expression of gastrin and motilin.展开更多
文摘Demulsification of emulsified water-in-oil droplets was worked out with the employment of wetting coalescence materials. Demulsification is carried out in conventional stirred-column and packed-column. Among the four kinds of natural fibers and two kinds of inorganic materials tested, natural fiber A, originated from wood shavings was found to give the best performance of demulsification. The demulsification efficiency can exceed 96.5% when demulsification conditions are optimized. The packed-column showed much better performance both in terms of demulsification efficiency and repeated use of the recovered oil phase for extracting cadmium in simulated wastewater. Operating variables governing the demulsification efficiency were investigated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （50976018） the Natural Science Foundation of JilinProvince （20101562）
文摘Using the high-speed camera the time sequences of the classical flow patterns of horizontal gas-liquid pipe flow are recorded, from which the average gray-scale values of single-frame images are extracted. Thus obtained gray-scale time series is decomposed by the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method, the various scales of the signals are processed by Hurst exponent method, and then the dual-fractal characteristics are obtained. The scattered bubble and the bubble cluster theories are applied to the evolution analysis of two-phase flow patterns. At the same time the various signals are checked in the chaotic recursion chart by which the two typical characteristics (diagonal average length and Shannon entropy) are obtained. Resulting term of these properties, the dynamic characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the evolution paths of gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns can be well characterized by the integrated analysis on the basis of the gray-scale time series of flowing images from EMD, Hurst exponents and Recurrence Plot (RP). In the middle frequency section (2nd, 3rd, 4th scales), three flow patterns decomposed by the EMD exhibit dual fractal characteristics which represent the dynamic features of bubble cluster, single bubble, slug bubble and scattered bubble. According to the change of diagonal average lengths and recursive Shannon entropy characteristic value, the structure deterministic of the slug flow is better than the other two patterns. After the decomposition by EMD the slug flow and the mist flow in the high frequency section have obvious peaks. Anyway, it is an effective way to understand and characterize the dynamic characteristics of two-phase flow patterns using the multi-scale non-linear analysis method based on image gray-scale fluctuation signals.
基金The Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period(Grant No.2012BAK25B02)
文摘In this study, a system involving two-dimensional, column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） coupled with tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） was developed and optimized for the analysis of antibiotics and their related substances. In the first-dimensional chromatography, the analytes were separated on a zwitterion exchange-reversed phase-hydrophitic interaction （ZIC-RP-HILIC） mixed-mode column coupled with tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）. A commonly used reversed phase LC column was employed in the second-dimensional chromatography. The mobile phase for the ZIC-RP-HILIC mixed-mode chromatography consisted of a volatile buffer that was compatible with LC-MS/MS, which enhanced the efficiency of ionization for structure elucidation. The antibiotic impurities eluted in the ion-pairing reversed phase chromatography were directly characterized by the ZIC-RP-HILIC-MS system, and the orthogonal separation of ZIC-RP-HILIC mixed-mode chromatography and reversed phase LC provided extra confidence that no impurity was missed. The efficiency of this method was demonstrated in the analysis of penicillin V potassium, oxacillin sodium, ceftriaxone sodium, and their impurities. In addition, this method is convenient for impurity profiling of antibiotics, and may be used for the analysis of other pharmaceutical ingredients.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81274155)Xiamen City Key Science and Technique Plan(No.3502Z20100006)Enterprise Project(No.XDHT2011366A)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats of the decoction of Yiqihuoxue formula and the solution prepared with the extracts from the individual herbal medicines of the formula. METHODS: The rat models of NAFLD were established with high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, the model group, the decoction group and the solution group, 8 for each group. From the 6th week, drinking water, the decoction and the solution were intragastrically administrated accordingly to the rats for 5 weeks. The pathological changes of the liver tissues were observed with Hematoxylin and eosin staining, triglyceride levels in liver tissues measured, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity measured, and serum gastrin and motilin tested. RESULTS: Fatty degeneration and vacuole-like changes to various degrees occurred in hepaticcells of the model group. Indicators for fat metabolism, serum ALT activity and hepatic triglyceride level significantly increased, while serum gastrin and motilin levels significantly decreased. Serum ALT activity and the fatty deposition in hepatocytes were significantly reduced. In the meantime, the expressions of gastrin and motilin in the serum rose significantly in the treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Both the decoction and the extracts-mixed solution had effect on NAFLD of protecting the liver function and reducing the fatty deposition in liver, which might be achieved by regulating the expression of gastrin and motilin.
