Based on the correlation between certain properties of liquid and the properties of the corresponding liquid drop formed under given conditions, a liquid drop measuring device is utilized to monitor the drop formation...Based on the correlation between certain properties of liquid and the properties of the corresponding liquid drop formed under given conditions, a liquid drop measuring device is utilized to monitor the drop formation process of the liquid sample with photoelectric measuring methods. The mechanical and optical characteristic of the liquid is explored with the optical fibers from the internal of the liquid drop during its formation. The drop head capacitor is utilized to monitor the growth process of the liquid drop to gain the drop volume information related to the physical property of liquid. The unique liquid drop trace containing the integrated properties of liquid is generated, and it is proved by experiment that for different liquids their liquid drop traces are different. The analysis on liquid properties and discrimination between different liquids can be proceeded with the liquid drop trace obtained by the liquid drop measuring device.展开更多
The characterization of suspension/emulsion sprays plays a decisive role in many industrial processes. A good example of such a process is the drying of a milk spray to produce milk powder, where the process efficienc...The characterization of suspension/emulsion sprays plays a decisive role in many industrial processes. A good example of such a process is the drying of a milk spray to produce milk powder, where the process efficiency and product quality is typically controlled by atomization parameters like flow rate, pressure, etc.. However, these parameters influence directly the droplet size and droplet velocity distributions in a spray, so that optimizing a spray drying process often involves adjusting the spray to a desired droplet size and droplet velocity distribution. This requires a measurement technique capable of characterizing in real time, the droplets in a suspension/emulsion spray. To achieve this aim, we present developments to the well-known time-shift technique for spray measurements.展开更多
This work explores the methodology for micron-scale water droplet contact angle derivation for the warty surface of octocoral sclerites. The calcite-made sclerites of the Red Sea octocoral Dendronephthya hemprichi hav...This work explores the methodology for micron-scale water droplet contact angle derivation for the warty surface of octocoral sclerites. The calcite-made sclerites of the Red Sea octocoral Dendronephthya hemprichi have been chosen as a model for this study. Water droplet condensation on the sclerites has been in-situ investigated using Quanta 200 FEG （field emission gun） ESEM （environmental scanning electron microscope） under wet environmental conditions. Two different analysis methods of droplet top and side views have been applied to determine the contact angle based on the secondary electron images. The ESEM image analysis for the sclerites indicates that their surface is hydrophilic. The microscopic contact angle is measured to be 45.3°±6.3°. The macroscopic contact angle has been calculated by using the Wenzel model for the surface texturing of the sclerites.展开更多
Nuclear masses ranging from O to Ti isotopes are systematically investigated with relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov(RCHB)theory,which can provide a proper treatment of pairing correlations in the presence of t...Nuclear masses ranging from O to Ti isotopes are systematically investigated with relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov(RCHB)theory,which can provide a proper treatment of pairing correlations in the presence of the continuum.From O to Ti isotopes,there are 402 nuclei predicted to be bound by the density functional PC-PK1.For the 234 nuclei with mass measured,the root mean square(rms)deviation is 2.23 MeV.It is found that the proton drip-lines predicted with various mass models are roughly the same and basically agree with the observation.The neutron drip-lines predicted,however,are quite diferent.Due to the continuum couplings,the neutron drip-line nuclei predicted are extended further neutron-rich than other mass models.By comparison with finite-range droplet model(FRDM),the neutron drip-line nucleus predicted by RCHB theory has respectively2(O),10(Ne),10(Na),6(Mg),8(Al),6(Si),8(P),6(S),14(K),10(Ca),10(Sc),and 12(Ti)more neutrons.展开更多
High quality micro-Raman spectra of the LiClO4 droplet with mass of nanogram scale were obtained at various concentrations from dilute to supersaturated state. From component band analysis of the v1-ClO4^- band, four ...High quality micro-Raman spectra of the LiClO4 droplet with mass of nanogram scale were obtained at various concentrations from dilute to supersaturated state. From component band analysis of the v1-ClO4^- band, four peaks at 933.3, 936.8, 942.1 and 950.7 cm^-1 were identified and assigned to free solvated perchlorate anion, solvent-shared ion pair, contact ion pair and com- plex ion aggregates, respectively. As expected, the signature of free solvated CIO4 ion was observed to decrease in intensity with the increase in concentration. The intensity of the signature from solvent-shared ion pair was observed to rise with in- crease in concentration from 1.8 mol/kg to 5.0 mol/kg before decreasing as the concentration was further increased to 5.6 mol/kg. Signatures of contact ion pair and of complex ion aggregates were shown to increase as the concentration was enhanced. Based upon the Eigen mechanism, we show that three association equilibria can be used to describe the transfor- mations between free solvated perchlorate anion, solvent-shared ion pair, contact ion pair and complex ion aggregates. The overall association constant, K, and the stepwise association constants Ki （i = 1 to 3） in the Eigen mechanism were determined separately with values of 0.025 ± 0.003, 0.023 ± 0.002, 0.068 ± 0.033 and 0.686 ± 0.174. Based on these constants, the electronic performance can be reasonably predicted by the optimum choice of electrolyte concentrations.展开更多
基金Supported by Singapore-China Joint R&D Project (No. 003/101/04)
文摘Based on the correlation between certain properties of liquid and the properties of the corresponding liquid drop formed under given conditions, a liquid drop measuring device is utilized to monitor the drop formation process of the liquid sample with photoelectric measuring methods. The mechanical and optical characteristic of the liquid is explored with the optical fibers from the internal of the liquid drop during its formation. The drop head capacitor is utilized to monitor the growth process of the liquid drop to gain the drop volume information related to the physical property of liquid. The unique liquid drop trace containing the integrated properties of liquid is generated, and it is proved by experiment that for different liquids their liquid drop traces are different. The analysis on liquid properties and discrimination between different liquids can be proceeded with the liquid drop trace obtained by the liquid drop measuring device.
文摘The characterization of suspension/emulsion sprays plays a decisive role in many industrial processes. A good example of such a process is the drying of a milk spray to produce milk powder, where the process efficiency and product quality is typically controlled by atomization parameters like flow rate, pressure, etc.. However, these parameters influence directly the droplet size and droplet velocity distributions in a spray, so that optimizing a spray drying process often involves adjusting the spray to a desired droplet size and droplet velocity distribution. This requires a measurement technique capable of characterizing in real time, the droplets in a suspension/emulsion spray. To achieve this aim, we present developments to the well-known time-shift technique for spray measurements.
文摘This work explores the methodology for micron-scale water droplet contact angle derivation for the warty surface of octocoral sclerites. The calcite-made sclerites of the Red Sea octocoral Dendronephthya hemprichi have been chosen as a model for this study. Water droplet condensation on the sclerites has been in-situ investigated using Quanta 200 FEG （field emission gun） ESEM （environmental scanning electron microscope） under wet environmental conditions. Two different analysis methods of droplet top and side views have been applied to determine the contact angle based on the secondary electron images. The ESEM image analysis for the sclerites indicates that their surface is hydrophilic. The microscopic contact angle is measured to be 45.3°±6.3°. The macroscopic contact angle has been calculated by using the Wenzel model for the surface texturing of the sclerites.
基金partially supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB834400)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11335002, 11345004, 11375015, 11105005, 11105006 and 11175002)+4 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2012M520101 and 2013T60022)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20110001110087)the support of the Young Core Instructor and Domestic Visitor Foundation from the Wuhan Center of Teacher Education Exchangesupported by the Rare Isotope Science Project funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) and National Research Foundation of Koreasupported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Grant No. 2010-0023661)
文摘Nuclear masses ranging from O to Ti isotopes are systematically investigated with relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov(RCHB)theory,which can provide a proper treatment of pairing correlations in the presence of the continuum.From O to Ti isotopes,there are 402 nuclei predicted to be bound by the density functional PC-PK1.For the 234 nuclei with mass measured,the root mean square(rms)deviation is 2.23 MeV.It is found that the proton drip-lines predicted with various mass models are roughly the same and basically agree with the observation.The neutron drip-lines predicted,however,are quite diferent.Due to the continuum couplings,the neutron drip-line nuclei predicted are extended further neutron-rich than other mass models.By comparison with finite-range droplet model(FRDM),the neutron drip-line nucleus predicted by RCHB theory has respectively2(O),10(Ne),10(Na),6(Mg),8(Al),6(Si),8(P),6(S),14(K),10(Ca),10(Sc),and 12(Ti)more neutrons.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of (41175119 20933001 and 20873006)+3 种基金the National Key Program for Basic Research of China (2009CB220100) the 111 Project B07012the Trans-Century Training Program Foundation for the Talentsalso supported by a grant-in-aid for Youth Innovation Fund from Central South University of Forestry and Technology (104︱0261)
文摘High quality micro-Raman spectra of the LiClO4 droplet with mass of nanogram scale were obtained at various concentrations from dilute to supersaturated state. From component band analysis of the v1-ClO4^- band, four peaks at 933.3, 936.8, 942.1 and 950.7 cm^-1 were identified and assigned to free solvated perchlorate anion, solvent-shared ion pair, contact ion pair and com- plex ion aggregates, respectively. As expected, the signature of free solvated CIO4 ion was observed to decrease in intensity with the increase in concentration. The intensity of the signature from solvent-shared ion pair was observed to rise with in- crease in concentration from 1.8 mol/kg to 5.0 mol/kg before decreasing as the concentration was further increased to 5.6 mol/kg. Signatures of contact ion pair and of complex ion aggregates were shown to increase as the concentration was enhanced. Based upon the Eigen mechanism, we show that three association equilibria can be used to describe the transfor- mations between free solvated perchlorate anion, solvent-shared ion pair, contact ion pair and complex ion aggregates. The overall association constant, K, and the stepwise association constants Ki （i = 1 to 3） in the Eigen mechanism were determined separately with values of 0.025 ± 0.003, 0.023 ± 0.002, 0.068 ± 0.033 and 0.686 ± 0.174. Based on these constants, the electronic performance can be reasonably predicted by the optimum choice of electrolyte concentrations.
