多氯代甲烷在液相电弧中的聚合反应

将氯仿或四氯化碳在液相中以高压电弧放电,得到多种聚合产物。通过对反应产物的分离与分析,发现它们主要是全氯代有机化合物(包括烷烃、烯烃与芳烃)及球烯。由此可以肯定所有反应物在电弧的作用下首先生成二氯卡宾,然后进一步聚合成各种产物。值得注意的是,反应生成的全氯代苊烯、苯并苊烯、碗烯、“半球烯”等均为C_(60)的全氯代碎片,是生成C_(60)的中间产物。其中苊烯或苯并苊烯的生成在体系中引入了五元环,是生成C_(60)的一个关键步骤。据此提出了反应的详细历程,由此可能揭示出C_(60)等球烯的生成过程与机理。

由四氯化碳至六氯苯的液相电弧合成

由四氯化碳至六氯苯的液相电弧合成黄荣彬，王育煌，黄伟杰，刘海锋，邹友思，郑兰荪（厦门大学化学系，固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室，３６１００５）传统上，六氯苯是由苯氯代的方法制备的［１］。但是我们最近在液相电弧反应中，却使四氯化碳直接转化成六氯苯。反应...

脉冲电弧液相放电等离子体处理生活污水回用研究

利用脉冲电弧液相放电等离子体技术,采用某小区的生活污水,研究放电脉冲次数、放电峰值电压、曝气量对COD、氨氮去除的影响。随着放电脉冲次数的增加,COD与氨氮去除率逐渐升高,当放电脉冲次数为400次时,COD和氨氮的去除率分别为81.8%、80.3%。随着放电峰值电压的升高与曝气量的增加,COD、氨氮的去除效率增加。在相同放电处理时间下,当峰值电压为18 kV时,曝气量大于4m3/h,COD去除率大于96%,氨氮去除率大于90%,出水水质满足回用标准。

脉冲电弧液相放电等离子体污水消毒灭菌

采用某污水厂的出水,利用脉冲电弧液相放电等离子体技术,研究了放电脉冲次数、放电电压、放电极间距对大肠杆菌灭杀的影响。结果表明:随着放电脉冲次数的增加,灭菌率升高。当放电脉冲次数为400时,灭菌率高达99.1%。随着放电电压的升高,大肠杆菌的去除率升高,其中电压为3 kV最高,灭菌率为96.7%。在相同的电压下,放电极间距越小,灭菌效率越高,放电间距0.5 mm时最佳。利用扫描电镜观察等离子体处理前后大肠杆菌细胞的形貌变化,并根据灭菌的结果对等离子体的灭菌机理进行了分析,发现了灭菌消毒与等离子体中所含的活性粒子成分有密切的关系。

Modeling of electrode system for three-phase electric arc furnace

To simulate the process of electrode operation, a dynamic model describing the electrode system of three-phase electric arc furnace was developed. This new model can be divided into three submodels in terms of the practical situation. They are the power supply system model the electric arc model and the hydraulic actuator system model. According to the basic circuit theory, the power supply system model where the high voltage transmission circuit and mutual inductances were considered, was set up. The electric arc model, which was novel for the electrode control, served as the electrical load and was connected to the power supply system model. The hydraulic actuator system model consists of the proportional valve part that is modeled to capture the dead-zone nonlinear characteristics and the hydraulic cylinder part where the impact of the load force is taken into account. By comparing simulation data and actual data, the results show that the electrode system model is proved to be accurate.