Aim To establish a reversed phase liquid chromatographic method forsimultaneous determination of three main medicinal constituents, baicalin, berberine and rhein, inSanhuang tablets. Methods The separation was perform...Aim To establish a reversed phase liquid chromatographic method forsimultaneous determination of three main medicinal constituents, baicalin, berberine and rhein, inSanhuang tablets. Methods The separation was performed on a Kromasil C_(18) column with TEA-adjusted0.02 mol·L^(-1) H_3PO_4 (pH 6.78)-acetonitrile-methanol (40 : 9 : 7) as mobile phase at aflow-rate of 1.0 mL·min^(-1), with detection at 254 ran. Considering interaction between acidic andalkaline compounds, three standard markers were added respectively and the volume of samplesolution was doubled in recovery experiments. Results Three regression equations revealed excellentlinear relationship between the peak areas and concentrations and the correlation coefficients allsurpassed 0.999 8. The average recovery was 96.1% (RSD = 2.1%) baicalin, 98.5% (RSD = 2.4%) forberberine, and 101.5% (RSD =1.3%) for rhein. Conclusion The method developed can be used to controlthe quality of Sanhuang tablets comprehensively.展开更多
Aim To quantitatively determine five nucleosides and nucleobases, including cytidine, uridine, guanosine, adenosine and uracil in different parts of Panax notoginseng. Methods Separation was performed on a Zorbax SB-A...Aim To quantitatively determine five nucleosides and nucleobases, including cytidine, uridine, guanosine, adenosine and uracil in different parts of Panax notoginseng. Methods Separation was performed on a Zorbax SB-Aq column using a gradient elution with mobile phase of 8 mmol^L-1 ammonium acetate aqueous solution （A） and methanol （B）. The assay was carried out at a flow rate of 1 mL·min^-1 at 25 ℃ with the diode-array detection at 260 nm. Results Cytidine, uridine, guanosine, adenosine and uracil had good linearity in the ranges of 1.79 - 57.40 μg·mL^-1 （r^2 = 1.0000）, 3.30 - 105.60 μg·mL^-1 （r^2 = 1.0000）, 3.09 - 98.80 μg·mL^ -1（r^2 = 0.9999）, 2.77 - 88.60 μg·mL^-1 （r^2 = 1.0000） and 0.38 - 12.30 μg·mL ^-1 （r^2 = 1.0000） with average recoveries of 93.9%, 96.5%, 92.7%, 93.2% and 98.8%, respectively. The content of cytidine, uridine, guanosine, adenosine and uracil in different parts of P. notogingeng were significantly different. Conclusion This is the first report on quantitative determination of nucleosides and nucleobases in P notoginseng.展开更多
Aim To develop a reverse phase HPLC method for the determination of aloperine, an alkaloid that is newly extracted from Sophora alopecuraides and has shown wide pharmacological effects including antibacterial and...Aim To develop a reverse phase HPLC method for the determination of aloperine, an alkaloid that is newly extracted from Sophora alopecuraides and has shown wide pharmacological effects including antibacterial and antiinflammatory actions. Methods The samples were analyzed on a ODS column with methanol water triethylamine (3∶97∶0 1 V/V) as a mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 0 mL·min -1 , and UV detection wavelength 205 nm. Results Linear regression equation was A=1 6920C+1 7455 (r 2=0 9999, n =5) in concentratins ranging from 20 to 120 μg·mL -1 . The recoveries were 101 2±1 46 % at 80 μg·mL -1 , 100 5±0 75% at 100 μg·mL -1 , and 100 7±1 10% at 120 μg·mL -1 , respectively, and the precisions of aloperine within or between run were from 0 80% to 1 98% ( n =5). The relative contents of aloperine in three lots of tablets were 101 59±1 38%, 98 46±0 23%, and 99 41±1 09% ( n =3). Conclusion The newly developed reverse phase HPLC method is simple and useful for daily assay of aloperine tablets and can overcome the interference from excipient and other alkaloids in titration and UV detection.展开更多
In this article, the electrochemical performance of the electrodes of zinc polycrystal, Zn（002） and Zn（100） single crystals were studied by the Tafel line extrapolation of the potentio-dynamic polarization curves,...In this article, the electrochemical performance of the electrodes of zinc polycrystal, Zn（002） and Zn（100） single crystals were studied by the Tafel line extrapolation of the potentio-dynamic polarization curves, the cyclic voltammetry and the charge/discharge experiment. The results shows that in 6.0 mol·L^-1 KOH solution the corrosion rate of Zn polycrystal, Zn（100） and Zn（002） single crystals decreases in turn; and the reversibility and the charge/discharge performance of Zn single crystal was superior to Zn polycrystal. The dendrite growth of the surface of Zn polycrvstal was easier than Zn single crystal during the stages of charge/discharge.展开更多
Even though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of ...Even though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of the plant species in therapy. This study was intended, therefore, to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea by studying its effect against tonic convulsion induced by either PTZ （pentylenetetrazole）, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA （N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid） in mice. Qualitative phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity and HPLC studies were also carried out on the plant species. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea, phenobarbitone, diazepam or muscimol significantly antagonised PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin-induced convulsion. Combined treatment of sub-effective doses of T. violacea and muscimol significantly antagonised tonic convulsion induced by PTZ. T. violacea or phenobarbitone significantly antagonised strychnine-induced tonic convulsion. T. violacea or LY233053 significantly antagonised NMDLA-elicited tonic convulsion. Phenytoin or DMSO （dimethylsulfoxide） did not significantly affect the tonic convulsion produced by PTZ, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA. The phytochemical qualitative analysis of the plant species showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, triterpene steroids, quinones and tannins. The LD50 value obtained following oral administration of the plant extract was over 4000 mg/kg. The data in the present study indicate that the leaf methanol extract of T. violacea has anticonvulsant activity which is probably underpinned by GABAergic, glutaminergic and glycinergic mechanisms.展开更多
Callus cultures of Hyoscyamus niger L. were initiated from leaf segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Benzyl Adenine （BA） and 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid （...Callus cultures of Hyoscyamus niger L. were initiated from leaf segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Benzyl Adenine （BA） and 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid （ NAA ）. Half of cultures were incubated under light of 16 hr/day, while the other half was incubated under complete darkness. The incubation temperature was 25 ± 1 ℃in both incubation conditions. The fresh and dry weight of the produced callus was obtained after six weeks of incubation. Callus produced were recultured on medium that gave the highest production of callus. Constant weight （300 mg） of callus was cultured in each of these medium supplemented with abiotic elicitor of 50 g/L sucrose, 200 mg/L NaCI, 50 or 100 mg/L proline and 2 mg/L BA each one added separately and incubated under complete darkness. The fresh and dry weights of callus were measured after six weeks. HPLC was used to determine the tropane alkaloids （Hyoscyamine and Scopolamine）. The results showed that the significant highest average of fresh and dry weight of callus （112 and 89.6 mg） achieved using the medium contained 0.5 mg/L BA and 2 mg/L NAA under dark condition. The amount of fresh and dry weight of callus produced under dark condition was significantly higher than that produced under light condition, with increase in percentage of 51.3 and 37.62% respectively. The addition of abiotic elicitors caused reduction in both fresh and dry weight of callus, therefore the highest fresh weight average was 1,727 mg using 100 mg/L proline. The results indicated that addition of 50 or 100 mg/L proline led to increase in Hyoscyamine concentration of 58.03 and 21.37% respectively compared with the control. While other abiotic elicitors were found to cause reduction in Hyoscyamine concentration. Percentage of Scopolamine concentration were increased to 129.03, 166.94, 205.51 and 149.20% after addition of sucrose （50 g/L）, NaC1 （200 mg/L） and proline （50 or 100 mg/L） respectively compared with the control.展开更多
Pinellia ternata has a long history of medicinal use in China, Japan, and Korea. Herein, we present a sensitive, selective, and robust HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 6 organic acids （oxalic acid, m...Pinellia ternata has a long history of medicinal use in China, Japan, and Korea. Herein, we present a sensitive, selective, and robust HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 6 organic acids （oxalic acid, malic acid, citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, and succinic acid）, 3 nucleosides （uridine, guanosine hydrate, and adenosine）, and ephedrine in P. ternata. The Rhizoma pinelliae samples were collected from different parts of Southwest China, and the 10 constituents were detected at a wavelength of 210 nm. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Boston Green ODS reversed-phase column along with a gradient mobile phase of methanol and phosphate buffer （pH 2.3, 10 mmol/L, v/v） at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The range of recovery was between 90.8% and 101.9%, and the calibration curves showed high linearity. The relative standard deviations of the new method were less than 3.0% for intra- and inter-day analyses. All samples were stable for at least 48 h. The abundance of the 10 compounds were dependent on their specific locations. The new HPLC method is a powerful technique for the quality control ofP. Ternata.展开更多
Berberine hydrochloride is commonly used to treat bacterial dysentery,gastroenteritis and other diseases.Many manufacturers are available on the market today,while the production process and formulation are quite diff...Berberine hydrochloride is commonly used to treat bacterial dysentery,gastroenteritis and other diseases.Many manufacturers are available on the market today,while the production process and formulation are quite different,which may directly affect the therapeutic effect of the drug.To this end,11 different production producers of berberine hydrochloride tablets were collected according to the pharmacopeia berberine hydrochloride dissolution method(basket method).In addition the dissolution process was carried out in four elution media with different pH,and the difference was similar(f2).Factors were calculated to evaluate in vitro dissolution requirements,and in vitro dissolution of different manufacturers of berberine hydrochloride tablets was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The method was verified by linearity,precision,stability and robustness.Based on the f2 value,there was a significant difference in the dissolution behavior of the formulations of most berberine hydrochloride tablet brands.This research provided the basis for further in-depth research in the later period.Although the drug specifications(0.1 g)were the same,the dissolution curve was different.This phenomenon may be attributed to the fact that the excipients and crystal form of the tablets affected the release and dissolution of the tablets in vitro.展开更多
基金Innovation Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KGCX2 SW 213 05)
文摘Aim To establish a reversed phase liquid chromatographic method forsimultaneous determination of three main medicinal constituents, baicalin, berberine and rhein, inSanhuang tablets. Methods The separation was performed on a Kromasil C_(18) column with TEA-adjusted0.02 mol·L^(-1) H_3PO_4 (pH 6.78)-acetonitrile-methanol (40 : 9 : 7) as mobile phase at aflow-rate of 1.0 mL·min^(-1), with detection at 254 ran. Considering interaction between acidic andalkaline compounds, three standard markers were added respectively and the volume of samplesolution was doubled in recovery experiments. Results Three regression equations revealed excellentlinear relationship between the peak areas and concentrations and the correlation coefficients allsurpassed 0.999 8. The average recovery was 96.1% (RSD = 2.1%) baicalin, 98.5% (RSD = 2.4%) forberberine, and 101.5% (RSD =1.3%) for rhein. Conclusion The method developed can be used to controlthe quality of Sanhuang tablets comprehensively.
文摘Aim To quantitatively determine five nucleosides and nucleobases, including cytidine, uridine, guanosine, adenosine and uracil in different parts of Panax notoginseng. Methods Separation was performed on a Zorbax SB-Aq column using a gradient elution with mobile phase of 8 mmol^L-1 ammonium acetate aqueous solution （A） and methanol （B）. The assay was carried out at a flow rate of 1 mL·min^-1 at 25 ℃ with the diode-array detection at 260 nm. Results Cytidine, uridine, guanosine, adenosine and uracil had good linearity in the ranges of 1.79 - 57.40 μg·mL^-1 （r^2 = 1.0000）, 3.30 - 105.60 μg·mL^-1 （r^2 = 1.0000）, 3.09 - 98.80 μg·mL^ -1（r^2 = 0.9999）, 2.77 - 88.60 μg·mL^-1 （r^2 = 1.0000） and 0.38 - 12.30 μg·mL ^-1 （r^2 = 1.0000） with average recoveries of 93.9%, 96.5%, 92.7%, 93.2% and 98.8%, respectively. The content of cytidine, uridine, guanosine, adenosine and uracil in different parts of P. notogingeng were significantly different. Conclusion This is the first report on quantitative determination of nucleosides and nucleobases in P notoginseng.
文摘Aim To develop a reverse phase HPLC method for the determination of aloperine, an alkaloid that is newly extracted from Sophora alopecuraides and has shown wide pharmacological effects including antibacterial and antiinflammatory actions. Methods The samples were analyzed on a ODS column with methanol water triethylamine (3∶97∶0 1 V/V) as a mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 0 mL·min -1 , and UV detection wavelength 205 nm. Results Linear regression equation was A=1 6920C+1 7455 (r 2=0 9999, n =5) in concentratins ranging from 20 to 120 μg·mL -1 . The recoveries were 101 2±1 46 % at 80 μg·mL -1 , 100 5±0 75% at 100 μg·mL -1 , and 100 7±1 10% at 120 μg·mL -1 , respectively, and the precisions of aloperine within or between run were from 0 80% to 1 98% ( n =5). The relative contents of aloperine in three lots of tablets were 101 59±1 38%, 98 46±0 23%, and 99 41±1 09% ( n =3). Conclusion The newly developed reverse phase HPLC method is simple and useful for daily assay of aloperine tablets and can overcome the interference from excipient and other alkaloids in titration and UV detection.
文摘In this article, the electrochemical performance of the electrodes of zinc polycrystal, Zn（002） and Zn（100） single crystals were studied by the Tafel line extrapolation of the potentio-dynamic polarization curves, the cyclic voltammetry and the charge/discharge experiment. The results shows that in 6.0 mol·L^-1 KOH solution the corrosion rate of Zn polycrystal, Zn（100） and Zn（002） single crystals decreases in turn; and the reversibility and the charge/discharge performance of Zn single crystal was superior to Zn polycrystal. The dendrite growth of the surface of Zn polycrvstal was easier than Zn single crystal during the stages of charge/discharge.
文摘Even though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of the plant species in therapy. This study was intended, therefore, to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea by studying its effect against tonic convulsion induced by either PTZ （pentylenetetrazole）, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA （N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid） in mice. Qualitative phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity and HPLC studies were also carried out on the plant species. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea, phenobarbitone, diazepam or muscimol significantly antagonised PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin-induced convulsion. Combined treatment of sub-effective doses of T. violacea and muscimol significantly antagonised tonic convulsion induced by PTZ. T. violacea or phenobarbitone significantly antagonised strychnine-induced tonic convulsion. T. violacea or LY233053 significantly antagonised NMDLA-elicited tonic convulsion. Phenytoin or DMSO （dimethylsulfoxide） did not significantly affect the tonic convulsion produced by PTZ, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA. The phytochemical qualitative analysis of the plant species showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, triterpene steroids, quinones and tannins. The LD50 value obtained following oral administration of the plant extract was over 4000 mg/kg. The data in the present study indicate that the leaf methanol extract of T. violacea has anticonvulsant activity which is probably underpinned by GABAergic, glutaminergic and glycinergic mechanisms.
文摘Callus cultures of Hyoscyamus niger L. were initiated from leaf segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Benzyl Adenine （BA） and 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid （ NAA ）. Half of cultures were incubated under light of 16 hr/day, while the other half was incubated under complete darkness. The incubation temperature was 25 ± 1 ℃in both incubation conditions. The fresh and dry weight of the produced callus was obtained after six weeks of incubation. Callus produced were recultured on medium that gave the highest production of callus. Constant weight （300 mg） of callus was cultured in each of these medium supplemented with abiotic elicitor of 50 g/L sucrose, 200 mg/L NaCI, 50 or 100 mg/L proline and 2 mg/L BA each one added separately and incubated under complete darkness. The fresh and dry weights of callus were measured after six weeks. HPLC was used to determine the tropane alkaloids （Hyoscyamine and Scopolamine）. The results showed that the significant highest average of fresh and dry weight of callus （112 and 89.6 mg） achieved using the medium contained 0.5 mg/L BA and 2 mg/L NAA under dark condition. The amount of fresh and dry weight of callus produced under dark condition was significantly higher than that produced under light condition, with increase in percentage of 51.3 and 37.62% respectively. The addition of abiotic elicitors caused reduction in both fresh and dry weight of callus, therefore the highest fresh weight average was 1,727 mg using 100 mg/L proline. The results indicated that addition of 50 or 100 mg/L proline led to increase in Hyoscyamine concentration of 58.03 and 21.37% respectively compared with the control. While other abiotic elicitors were found to cause reduction in Hyoscyamine concentration. Percentage of Scopolamine concentration were increased to 129.03, 166.94, 205.51 and 149.20% after addition of sucrose （50 g/L）, NaC1 （200 mg/L） and proline （50 or 100 mg/L） respectively compared with the control.
基金National Science & Technology Project of China(Grant No.2011BAI13B03)
文摘Pinellia ternata has a long history of medicinal use in China, Japan, and Korea. Herein, we present a sensitive, selective, and robust HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 6 organic acids （oxalic acid, malic acid, citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, and succinic acid）, 3 nucleosides （uridine, guanosine hydrate, and adenosine）, and ephedrine in P. ternata. The Rhizoma pinelliae samples were collected from different parts of Southwest China, and the 10 constituents were detected at a wavelength of 210 nm. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Boston Green ODS reversed-phase column along with a gradient mobile phase of methanol and phosphate buffer （pH 2.3, 10 mmol/L, v/v） at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The range of recovery was between 90.8% and 101.9%, and the calibration curves showed high linearity. The relative standard deviations of the new method were less than 3.0% for intra- and inter-day analyses. All samples were stable for at least 48 h. The abundance of the 10 compounds were dependent on their specific locations. The new HPLC method is a powerful technique for the quality control ofP. Ternata.
基金National Institutes for Food and Drug Control(Grant No.017ZX09101001).
文摘Berberine hydrochloride is commonly used to treat bacterial dysentery,gastroenteritis and other diseases.Many manufacturers are available on the market today,while the production process and formulation are quite different,which may directly affect the therapeutic effect of the drug.To this end,11 different production producers of berberine hydrochloride tablets were collected according to the pharmacopeia berberine hydrochloride dissolution method(basket method).In addition the dissolution process was carried out in four elution media with different pH,and the difference was similar(f2).Factors were calculated to evaluate in vitro dissolution requirements,and in vitro dissolution of different manufacturers of berberine hydrochloride tablets was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The method was verified by linearity,precision,stability and robustness.Based on the f2 value,there was a significant difference in the dissolution behavior of the formulations of most berberine hydrochloride tablet brands.This research provided the basis for further in-depth research in the later period.Although the drug specifications(0.1 g)were the same,the dissolution curve was different.This phenomenon may be attributed to the fact that the excipients and crystal form of the tablets affected the release and dissolution of the tablets in vitro.
