制备了以非离子型的乳化剂壬基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP)为表面活性剂,异戊醇为助表面活性剂,正己烷为油性溶剂的W/O型微乳液,并对其迁移金属离子Zn2+、Fe3+、Cr(Ⅵ)的行为进行了研究。确定了制乳及迁移的适宜条件,在制乳油相中,OP∶异戊醇∶...制备了以非离子型的乳化剂壬基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP)为表面活性剂,异戊醇为助表面活性剂,正己烷为油性溶剂的W/O型微乳液,并对其迁移金属离子Zn2+、Fe3+、Cr(Ⅵ)的行为进行了研究。确定了制乳及迁移的适宜条件,在制乳油相中,OP∶异戊醇∶正己烷=2.5∶4.0∶2.0(体积比),水相和料相盐度CNa Cl=0.1 mol/L,金属离子浓度10μg/ml,p H 5.0为宜。在酸性(p H 5.0)条件下,微乳液对Zn2+的迁移率远高于对Fe3+的迁移率;在中性及弱碱性(p H 7.0~8.0)条件下,微乳液对Zn2+和Fe3+均具有较高的迁移率,但Cr(Ⅵ)迁移率较低,可根据其迁移率不同实现Zn2+、Fe3+、Cr(Ⅵ)的分离。展开更多
An experimental investigation was performed to study the heat transfer in an eight-nozzle spray cooling system with de-ionized water as the working fluid. Visualization of the liquid-solid contact area and the flow ne...An experimental investigation was performed to study the heat transfer in an eight-nozzle spray cooling system with de-ionized water as the working fluid. Visualization of the liquid-solid contact area and the flow near the heated surface was made using a microscopic lens system in conjunction with an advanced high-speed camera. The film thickness and film wavelike characteristics under liquid volume flow rates ranged from 2.78×10 -6 m 3 /s to 1.39×10 -5 m 3 /s and surface temperatures between 22℃ and 78.2℃ were examined respectively. The development process of the liquid film on the heated surface was observed. The local mean film thickness, the film wavelike characteristics and the behavior of the bubbles appeared in the liquid film were captured using an image processing technique. It is discovered that there exists a climax of local mean film thickness during the starting process of spray cooling. When the liquid film reaches the dynamic stable state, the dimensionless mean film thickness decreases with the increase of the liquid volume flow rate, and increases with the increase of surface temperature generally. Besides, the volume flow rate has a more significant impact on the wavelength and amplitude of the liquid film compared to the surface temperature.展开更多
A heat and mass transfer model was proposed for the thin liquid film on the hot solid surface cooled by the impinging small droplets, with consideration of the effect of the droplet impact, surface tension, thermocapi...A heat and mass transfer model was proposed for the thin liquid film on the hot solid surface cooled by the impinging small droplets, with consideration of the effect of the droplet impact, surface tension, thermocapillary, evaporation/condensation, and van der Waals attraction. The nondimensional equation for predicting the evolution of the interface of the thin liquid film was derived in the presented model with the relevant boundary conditions. The stability of the thin liquid film impacted by cool small droplets is discussed.展开更多
文摘制备了以非离子型的乳化剂壬基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP)为表面活性剂,异戊醇为助表面活性剂,正己烷为油性溶剂的W/O型微乳液,并对其迁移金属离子Zn2+、Fe3+、Cr(Ⅵ)的行为进行了研究。确定了制乳及迁移的适宜条件,在制乳油相中,OP∶异戊醇∶正己烷=2.5∶4.0∶2.0(体积比),水相和料相盐度CNa Cl=0.1 mol/L,金属离子浓度10μg/ml,p H 5.0为宜。在酸性(p H 5.0)条件下,微乳液对Zn2+的迁移率远高于对Fe3+的迁移率;在中性及弱碱性(p H 7.0~8.0)条件下,微乳液对Zn2+和Fe3+均具有较高的迁移率,但Cr(Ⅵ)迁移率较低,可根据其迁移率不同实现Zn2+、Fe3+、Cr(Ⅵ)的分离。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.50906083National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No.2011CB710705
文摘An experimental investigation was performed to study the heat transfer in an eight-nozzle spray cooling system with de-ionized water as the working fluid. Visualization of the liquid-solid contact area and the flow near the heated surface was made using a microscopic lens system in conjunction with an advanced high-speed camera. The film thickness and film wavelike characteristics under liquid volume flow rates ranged from 2.78×10 -6 m 3 /s to 1.39×10 -5 m 3 /s and surface temperatures between 22℃ and 78.2℃ were examined respectively. The development process of the liquid film on the heated surface was observed. The local mean film thickness, the film wavelike characteristics and the behavior of the bubbles appeared in the liquid film were captured using an image processing technique. It is discovered that there exists a climax of local mean film thickness during the starting process of spray cooling. When the liquid film reaches the dynamic stable state, the dimensionless mean film thickness decreases with the increase of the liquid volume flow rate, and increases with the increase of surface temperature generally. Besides, the volume flow rate has a more significant impact on the wavelength and amplitude of the liquid film compared to the surface temperature.
基金Project supported by the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.Y0103).
文摘A heat and mass transfer model was proposed for the thin liquid film on the hot solid surface cooled by the impinging small droplets, with consideration of the effect of the droplet impact, surface tension, thermocapillary, evaporation/condensation, and van der Waals attraction. The nondimensional equation for predicting the evolution of the interface of the thin liquid film was derived in the presented model with the relevant boundary conditions. The stability of the thin liquid film impacted by cool small droplets is discussed.
