鲜切猕猴桃片常温液藏及加工果脯关键工艺研究

研究了常温下液藏鲜切猕猴桃片的保鲜液最佳配方与以其为原料加工果脯的脱盐、上色、糖制等关键工艺条件。结果表明:采用10%食盐、0.07%氯化钙、0.1%蔗糖酯、0.12%山梨酸钾的保鲜溶液浸泡猕猴桃果片,贮藏效果较好,贮藏期可达6～12个月;采用水料比为2:1的洁净水浸泡果片3h进行脱盐,用0.3%叶绿素铜钠盐、0.2%氯化锌上色,糖渍5h后熬煮至终点,果片饱满度及口感俱佳。

不同颜色尿液藏着健康大秘密

尿液不一定都是浅黄色，颜色不同，代表的意思也不同。出现不同颜色的尿液时，一定要警惕! 淡黄色：正常尿液 正常人的尿液呈现淡黄色，含有水和微量的无机盐、尿素和尿酸，基本上不含糖分和蛋白质，尿质清澈无异物，只有氨味无异味，即使有气泡也会很快消失。

甜樱桃常温液藏保鲜的研究

通过常温液藏方法对目前栽培较多的2种甜樱桃品种即红灯樱桃(早熟品种)和那翁樱桃(晚熟品种)进行保鲜试验,结果为:贮存40d后,樱桃果实色泽鲜艳,pH值变化较小,Vc含量的降低显著低于文献报道,两品种间果品质量差异不显著;早熟的红灯樱桃平均果实完好率为61.3%,晚熟的那翁樱桃平均果实完好率达到91.7%,二者间差异显著;常温贮藏液的最佳组合为:可溶性固形物含量30%、pH值3.5、山梨酸钾0.1%、Vc0.1%。

藏草乌水煎提取液体外杀灭羊虱蝇药效及皮肤毒性试验研究

试验旨在研究藏草乌的水煎提取液在体外杀灭羊虱蝇的药效作用及其皮肤毒性、刺激性、过敏性试验,为藏草乌的开发利用和临床应用提供理论依据。将1%、2%、4%、8%、10%藏草乌水煎提取液分别滴于衬有吸水纸和羊虱蝇的平皿中,在1、2、4、8h时分别观察其对羊虱蝇的杀灭情况。取相同剂量1%、2%藏草乌水煎提取液均匀涂于大白兔的完整皮肤和破损皮肤,进行皮肤毒性、刺激性和过敏性试验。结果显示,给药1h后各浓度的藏草乌水煎提取液及阳性对照组均出现了不同程度的羊虱蝇杀灭效果,4h后阳性对照组杀灭率为100%,8h时,1%、2%藏草乌水煎提取液杀灭率达到70%,而2%藏草乌水煎提取液较1%药物组杀灭羊虱蝇效果好;皮肤毒性试验显示,大白兔皮肤无红斑、水肿,体重变化正常;皮肤刺激性试验结果显示,藏草乌提取液对大白兔皮肤无刺激性;皮肤致敏反应结果表明,藏草乌提取液对大白兔不具有致敏性。综上所述,藏草乌水煎提取液具有良好的体外杀灭羊虱蝇作用,且皮肤用药安全。

柿子的贮藏和脱涩

一、柿子的贮藏 柿子采收后很快成熟,果肉逐渐变软,不利贮藏和运输。因此,首先选择相对耐贮藏的优良品种,如河北的莲花柿、大盖柿,山东的牛心柿、镜面柿,北京的南口柿等。同时柿子采收后,注意选择质量好、肉质硬的果实,并将粗硬的果柄截短,以免在贮藏过程中互相扎伤。常用的柿子贮藏方法如下: 1.冻藏

Study on Polymorphisms in the Blood Protein of Tibetan Mastiff

[ Objective] The aim was to study the protein polymorphism in the blood of Tibetan Mastiff, and provide some theoretical basis for resource protection and reasonable development and utilization of Tibetan Mastiff varieties. [ Method] A total of 103 blood samples were taken from four populations of Hequ Tibetan Mastiff, Qinhai Tibetan Mastiff, Tibetan Spaniel and native dogs of Qinghai. Seven blood protein Iocus（Tf, Po, Sα2, Hb, AIb, Pr and Amy）were investigated by using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with discontinuous buffer system. Then the genetic variation during different populations was analyzed. [ Result] Genetic variations were observed in Tf, Sα2 and Po in four populations, others were not polymorphic. There were three alleles at the locus of Tf and Po, two alleles at the loci of Sα2. Effective number of alleles and Nei＇s average expected heterozygosity were 1. 532 4 and 0.230 3 relatively, all higher in Tibetan Mastiff than other populations. [ Conclusion] Protein locus in blood of Tibetan Mastiff existed in genetic variation.

Preservation efficiency of new cryoprotectant used for Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in liquid nitrogen

The efficiency of a new cryoprotectant,GP,for the preservation of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans（A.ferrooxidans） strain DC in liquid nitrogen was investigated.The optimal concentration of this new cryoprotectant for the maximal viable cell recovery and the highest ferrous ion oxidation activity was determined.The results show that 30%（volume fraction） GP is optimal for the cryopreservation with 84.4% of cells surviving,completely oxidizing ferrous ions within 120 h,and growing to a final density of 5.8×107 cell/mL after 6 d in the culture.Furthermore,the optimal residual GP concentration for viable cell recovery after culture of thawed cells in 9K medium for 6 d is 0.6%（volume fraction）.At this concentration,strain DC completely oxidizes ferrous ions within 108 h and grows to a final cell density of 6.8×107 mL-1.Thus,GP is a simple,effective cryoprotectant for the preservation of A.ferrooxidans strain DC in liquid nitrogen.

Characteristics of Pollen Germination and Storage of Zygocactus truncates

The research, based on pol ens of Zygocactus truncates during ful-bloom period, selected suitable culture medium and temperature for pol en germination and explored the effects of storage temperatures and pol en col ection methods on pol en vitality of Zygocactus truncates and the results showed that the culture medium containing 200 g/L saccharose, 20 mg/L boric acid, and 20 mg/L calcium chloride is suitable for pol en germination of Zygocactus truncates; when the temperature kept below 20 ℃, pol en germination period last short, and germination rate kept higher;pol en germination performed better with filaments, and pol en tube grew wel .

创新试井技术提高产液气藏开发水平

鉴于常规试井受气井产液、管柱、生产成本等方面的限制,所以急需开展创新应用试井解释技术。主要是对火山岩气藏产液气井开展地层压力、气井产能、井控储量参数新的计算方法的研究,通过实际评价结果的对比,使其评价做到精度高、速度快、适用性强,更好的为气井动态分析、评价以及开展治理对策提供科学、可靠的依据。

Stability and changes in astaxanthin ester composition from Haematococcus pluvialis during storage

In this paper,we investigated the effects of temperature,oxygen,antioxidants,and corn germ oil on the stability of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis under different storage conditions,and changes in the composition of astaxanthin esters during storage using high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry.Oxygen and high temperatures(22–25°C) significantly reduced the stability of astaxanthin esters.Corn germ oil and antioxidants(ascorbic acid and vitamin E)failed to protect astaxanthin from oxidation,and actually significantly increased the instability of astaxanthin.A change in the relative composition of astaxanthin esters was observed after 96 weeks of long-term storage.During storage,the relative amounts of free astaxanthin and astaxanthin monoesters declined,while the relative amount of astaxanthin diesters increased.Thus,the ratio of astaxanthin diester to monoester increased,and this ratio could be used to indicate if astaxanthin esters have been properly preserved.If the ratio is greater than 0.2,it suggests that the decrease in astaxanthin content could be higher than 20%.Our results show that storing algal powder from H.pluvialis or other natural astaxanthin products under vacuum and in the dark below 4°C is the most economical and applicable storage method for the large-scale production of astaxanthin from H.pluvialis.This storage method can produce an astaxanthin preservation rate of at least 80%after 96 weeks of storage.

GEOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RELATED MINERALIZATION OF CHERT FORMATIONS IN SOUTH TIBET

There occur abundant cherts in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata in southern Tibet. Some of them possess characteristic hydrothermal structures such as layered, laminated, massive and breccia structures. Ratios of Al/（Al＋Fe＋Mn）, Co/Ni, Fe/Ti and TiO2-A1203 demonstrate that their origin is related to hydrothermal sedimentation. The chert formations have close relationship with Sb, Au and poly-metallic mineralization, and the ore-forming fluid show strong correlation with fossil hydrothermal water. There occur abundant cherts in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata in southern Tibet. Some of them possess characteristic hydrothermal structures such as layered, laminated, massive and breccia structures. Ratios of A1/（AI＋Fe＋Mn）, Co/Ni, Fe/Ti and TiO2-A1203 demonstrate that their origin is related to hydrothermal sedimentation. The chert formations have close relationship with Sb, Au and poly-metallic mineralization, and the ore-forming fluid show strong correlation with fossil hvdrothermal water.

Study of Peganum harmala Genetic Diversity Based on Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） Analysis

Syrian Rue （Peganum harmala L.） is grown in semi-arid conditions. Its origin is Central Asia and has several medicinal uses especially in seeds. Study of genetic diversity for this plant is important for researches in future. The electrophoresis of seed storage protein is a method to investigate SDS-PAGE and to classify plant varieties because these proteins are highly preserved. This study was conducted to determine the seed storage profiles of 20 Peganum harmala accessions that have been collected in some regions in lran. Extracted proteins were analyzed by Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） as a biochemical marker. For this purpose, the samples were first crushed and seed protein was extracted by extraction buffer then total soluble proteins were resolved on 15% SDS polyacrylamide gels. The gels showed 20 bands that were high polymorphism among the accessions. The noticeable differences for example were observed in area with 38 KDa. The result of analysis showed that the accessions were classified in three groups （13, 3 and 4 accessions in the first, second and third groups respectively）.

Multivariant statistical analysis for diagenetic information of chert from southern Tibet,China

There are large scale chert formations of different ages exposed widely in southern Tibet, along Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone. The typical chert specimens were sampled from Pengcuolin, Xialu and Zongzhuo profiles. Multivariate statistical analysis is applied for effectively extracting the geochemical information of the chert, and the raw data are processed by R-factor analysis. The first, second and third factors representing terrigenous, authigenic and hydrothermal constituents are extracted from the analysis results. From Pengcuolin, Xialu to Zongzhuo chert profiles, the variance ratios of continental and authigenetic factors become higher （ 51. 1% →62.9 % →91.6 % ）, while hydrothermal factor rapidly decrease （ 40. 9 % →32.2 % →0 ）. This tend- eney also present in the analysis for traee elements, indicating that Pengeuolin chert is hydrothermal origin, The Zongzhuo chert belong to normal sedimentation and the Xialu chert exhibit normal deposition interacted with hydrothermal sedimentation. The facts provide significant implications for understanding the diagenetic and palaeomineralization information of southern Tibet.

Formation damage control of high permeability sandstone reservoir

The concern on formation damage control of high permeability sandstone reservoir has been growing in oil industry in recent years. The invasion of particles and the filtrate of drilling fluid are proven as one of the key factors accounting for reservoir damage. Based on the ideal packing theory, the practical software has been developed to optimize the blending proportion of several bridging agents, and the core flooding tests were conducted to evaluate return permeability of core samples contaminated with different drilling fluids. Experimental results show that the ideal packing approach can reduce the dynamic filtration rate, improve the return permeability and drawdown the breakthrough pressure, indicating that this kind of drilling fluids can meet the demands of formation damage control for high permeability sandstone reservoirs. Some applying procedures for formation damage control are also proposed in this paper.

The changes of polyphenolic contents in two kinds of Terminalia chebula Retz.traditional Tibetian processing methods

Taking Terminalia chebula Retz. as the control product, the polyphenolic contents of the processed products in Tibetian, Rubia cordifolia L. processed Terminalia chebula Retz. and Euphorbia fischeriana Steud processed Terminalia chebula Retz. were analyzed by HPLC. Polyphenolic contents increased from 4.54% to 5.69% and 7.46%, respectively, which may lead to the change in their pharmacological effects.

Effects of different processing methods in Tibet on content of chebulinic acid in Terminalia chebula Retz.

To study the change of the content of chebulinic acid in Terminalia chebula Retz. by different processing methods in Tibet. We taking chebulinic acid as an indicator, the contents in Terminalia chebula Retz. and its processed products were analyzed by using HPLC. Also, the change rule was explored. Compared with Terminalia chebula Retz., the contents of chebulinic acid have decreased after processing, declining 50.18% for the Rubia cordifolia L. processed product, while 11.2% reduce for the Euphorbia fischeriana Steud processed product. After the specific preparation process in Tibet, the contents of chebulinic acid have reduced significantly, which may lead to different pharmacological effects.

Geothermal data analysis at the high-temperature hydrothermal area in Western Sichuan

The western Sichuan hydrothermal area is located at the northeastern margin of the eastern syntaxis of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is also the eastern end of the Mediterranean-Himalayan geothermal activity zone. There are 248 warm or hot springs in this area, and 11 have temperatures beyond the local boiling temperature. Most of these hot springs are distributed along the Jinshajiang, Dege-Xiangcheng, Ganzi-Litang, and Xianshuihe faults, forming a NW-SE hydrothermal belt. A geothermal analysis of this high-temperature hydrothermal area is an important basis for understanding the deep geodynamic process of the eastern syntaxis of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In addition, this study offers an a priori view to utilize geothermal resources, which is important in both scientific research and application. We use gravity, magnetic, seismic, and helium isotope data to analyze the crust-mantle heat flow ratio and deep geothermal structure. The results show that the background terrestrial heat flow descends from southwest to northeast. The crustal heat ratio is not more than 60%. The high temperature hydrothermal active is related to crustal dynamics processes. Along the Batang-Litang-Kangding line, the Moho depth increases eastward, which is consistent with the changing Qc/Qm(crustal/mantle heat flow) ratio trend. The geoid in the hydrothermal zone is 4–6 km higher than the surroundings, forming a local "platform". The NW-SE striking local tensile stress zone and uplift structure in the upper and middle crust corresponds with the surface hydrothermal active zone. There is an average Curie Point Depth(CPD) of 19.5–22.5 km in Batang, Litang, and Kangding. The local shear-wave(S-wave) velocity is relatively low in the middle and lower crust. The S-wave shows a low velocity trap(Vs<3.2 km s.1) at 15–30 km, which is considered a high-temperature partial melting magma, the crustal source of the hydrothermal active zone. We conclude that the hydrothermal system in this area can be divided into Batang-type and Kangding-type, both of which rely on a crustal heating cycle of atmospheric precipitation and surface water along the fracture zone. The heat is derived from the middle and lower crust: groundwater penetrates the deep faults bringing geothermal energy back to the surface and forming high-temperature springs.