分粒度K_2CO_3溶液液选制取棉籽浓缩蛋白

考察了双液相萃取棉粕的粒度分布以及各粒度的蛋白质含量 ,通过筛分发现粒径在 4 5 0～ 10 0 0 μm之间的棉粕蛋白质含量只有 15 %左右 ,对这一部分粒度的棉粕进行处理意义不大。粒度小于 10 5 μm的棉粕 ,蛋白质含量比较高 ,也可不进行处理。对于粒径在 10 5～ 2 2 0、2 2 0～ 35 5、35 5～ 4 5 0 μm以及粒径大于 10 0 0 μm的棉粕用K2 CO3溶液进行处理 ,适宜的K2 CO3溶液浓度分别为4 2 % ,4 0 % ,37%和 35 %。采用筛分和液选相结合的方法可以得到蛋白质含量为 6 6 %的棉籽浓缩蛋白 ,蛋白质收率 75 .2 %。

液选法制取棉籽浓缩蛋白的研究

利用棉壳和棉仁密度上存在的差异,以K2CO3溶液、SnCl4溶液作为液选剂,棉仁和棉壳可以得到较好的分离。以43%质量浓度的K2CO3溶液处理双液相棉粕,可以得到蛋白质含量75%的浓缩蛋白,蛋白质收率达66%。用该法处理兴化棉粕和市售预榨浸出棉粕也得到了比较好的结果。

菜籽双液相萃取液选脱皮制取菜籽浓缩蛋白

宁油七号菜籽经双液相萃取技术处理后，得到脱除９０％以上硫甙的饼粕。为进一步提高去毒饼粕的营养价值，采用筛分加液选工艺脱除饼粕中的籽皮，可获得高质量的浓缩蛋白产品。该项工艺与预脱皮法及风选法制取菜籽浓缩蛋白工艺相比，效果更好。

发动机防冻液选用

1.选用原则 防冻液的主要成分是乙二醇（占92％～97％），使用温度范围一般在75℃至-70℃之间，正确选用防冻液可以确保发动机冬季里能正常运行。防冻液的主要功能是冷却、防腐、防沸腾、防水垢。

加工铝合金发动机零件的切削液选择

发动机缸盖的加工工艺十分复杂，加工精度要求高，其中有许多关键：亡序加工精度要求更为严格，比如：进、排气门座圈锥面与导管孔的加工，挺柱HvA孔加工，凸轮轴孔加工等。影响加工精度的因素除了机床自身精度、刀具选用和调整、毛坯的质量以及环境温度等，切削液的选择对加工也会产生tE常大的影响。

用户谈切削液选用心得

切削液是金属加工过程中不可或缺的加工介质，对刀具和工件起冷却和润滑等作用，能显著延长刀具使用寿命，提高产品质量。随着数控机床的日益普及，切削液的使用量逐年上升。然而，广大用户对切削液的认识还存在种种不足和误区，对加工工艺和切削液的选择比较随意。

用户谈切削液选用心得(续)

切削液是金属加工过程中不可或缺的加工介质,对刀具和工件起冷却和润滑等作用,能显著延长刀具使用寿命,提高产品质量。随着数控机床的日益普及,切削液的使用量逐年上升。然而,广大用户对切削液的认识还存在种种不足和误区,对加工工艺和切削液的选择比较随意,导致工艺成本较高、产品质量难上档次,环境污染严重,甚至可能影响职工健康。为了了解我国机械加工行业切削液的使用现状,《金属加工》杂志开展了"首届切削液用户调查",于2012年12月15日启动,对用户的加工工艺、切削液选择使用、使用成本、后续处理、品牌认知、售后服务等内容进行调查摸底,截至2013年1月底共收到有效问卷600份,得到了广大切削液用户的大力支持,在此表示感谢。在调查报告发布之前,我们特别约请了几位切削液用户代表,谈谈他们如何选用切削液,以及在使用切削液中遇到了哪些问题与对厂家的建议,供大家参考。

汽车防冻液选用须慎重

开车的朋友对于防冻液并不陌生，“防冻液”即发动机冷却液，是汽车发动机正常运转不可缺少的散热介质。防冻液的主要功能是：在寒冷冬季停车时，防止冷却液结冰而胀裂散热器和冻坏发动机气缸体或缸盖；而在夏季温度较高时，则能有效防沸，避免出现“开锅”现象。汽车防冻液作用大，直接影响汽车的性能和使用寿命。

浅谈工程机械发动机防冻液选用

防冻液是保证发动机正常工作必不可少的工作介质。若冷却系统温度过高，则发动机缸盖、燃烧室、活塞以及排气门等均会过热，从而使材料失去强度，导致发动机故障并使发动机使用寿命缩短；不充分的冷却还会使得发动机机油过早老化，从而使机油润滑效率降低，这可能会造成发动机部件的不正常磨损等；

植物原色标本的浸制技术

植物原色浸制标本不但要求保持植物的形态,还要力求保持原来的颜色。为此,我进行了系统的实验、探索和改进,取得了良好的效果。 1.用“三选法”

处理蔬莱种子好方法

一、冬季育苗蔬菜种子暖水瓶催芽法：在农村冬季没有恒温箱或暖气设备的情况下，如果用种量少，可采用暖水瓶催芽，简单易行，速度快，一般仅需1—2天时间即可。方法是：把经浸种处理的种子，用纱布或干净的棉布包好，用一根细绳系紧，悬吊在装有半瓶40℃温水的暖水瓶中，以不淹水为准。盖上瓶塞，每隔5小时打开瓶塞通气，

Selective separation of copper and cadmium from zinc solutions by low current density electrolysis

Copper and cadmium ions were selectively separated from zinc sulphate aqueous solution or zinc ammonia/ammonium sulphate aqueous solution by low current density electrolysis.It was shown that the concentration of cadmium ion in zinc sulphate solution decreased from 4.56 g/L to 0.18 g/L in an electrolysis time of 8.5 h,whilst it decreased from 5.16 g/L to lower than 0.005 g/L in zinc ammonia/ammonium sulphate aqueous solution.On the other hand,the deposition rate of copper was so low that it was difficult to separate copper and cadmium ions from the zinc ammonia/ammonium sulphate aqueous solution during electrolysis.But copper ion could be decreased to 0.002 g/L in this solution through solvent extraction by using kerosene diluted LIX984N as extractant.Therefore,it is favorable to recover cadmium ion from the zinc ammonia/ammonium sulphate solution by electrolysis after solvent extraction of copper.

Nano-baskets of Calix[4]-l,3-crown in Emulsion Membranes for Selective Extraction of Alkali Metal Cations

Nano-assisted inclusion separation of alkali metals from basic solutions was reported by inclu sion-facilitated emulsion liquid membrane process. The novelty of this study is application of nano-baskets of calixcrown in the selective and efficient separation of alkali metals as both the carrier and the surfactant. For this aim, four derivatives of diacid calix[4]-1,3-crowns-4,5 were synthesized, and their inclusion-extraction parameters were optimized including the calixcrown scaffold （4.4%, by mass） as the carrier/demulsifier, the commercial kero sene as diluent in membrane, sulphonic acid （0.2 mol.L-1） and ammonium carbonate （0.4 mol.L-1） as the strip and the feed phases, the phase and the treat ratios of 0.8 and 0.3, mixing speed （300 r.min-1）, and initial solute concentration （100 mg.L-1）. The selectivity of membrane over more than ten interfering cations was examined and the re sults reveled that under the optimized operating condition, the degree of inclusion-extraction of alkali metals was as high as 98%-99%.

Tuning the Morphology of Pharmaceutical Compounds via Model Based Solvent Selection

In this paper we present a strategy for tuning the crystal morphology of pharmaceutical compounds by the appropriate choice of solvent via an optimization model. A three-stage approach involving a pre-design stage, a product design stage and a post-design experimental verification stage is presented. The pre-design stage addresses the tormulation of the property constraint tor crystal morphology. This involves crystallization experiments aria development of property models and constraints for morphology. In the design stage various property requirements for the solvent along with crystal morphology are considered and the product design problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming model.The design stage provides an optimal solvent/list of candidate solvents. Similar to the pre-design stage, in the post design experimental verification stage, the morphology of the crystals （precipitated from the designed solvent） is verified through crystallization experiments followed by product characterization via scanni＇ng electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction imaging and Fourier transform spectra analysis.

Mechanism of different particle sizes of quartz activated by metallic ion in butyl xanthate solution

To investigate effect of metallic ion activation on different particle sizes of quartz in butyl xanthate solution,six common ions(Pb^(2+),Cu^(2+),Fe^(3+),Fe^(2+),Mg^(2+) and Ca^(2+)) were introduced as activators.The approaches of micro-flotation,adsorption test and zeta potential measurement were adopted to reveal the mechanism of ion activation.The results show that Pb^(2+),Cu^(2+) and Fe^(3+) are effective activators for the flotation of quartz in butyl xanthate solution because of their absorption on activated quartz surface.Average recoveries of fine particles(<37 μm) are greater than those of coarser particles(37-74 μm),suggesting that the former is easier to be activated and more likely to be floated and thus entrained in sulphide concentrate.From another perspective,addition of metallic ions(Pb^(2+),Cu^(2+) and Fe^(3+)) renders zeta potentials move positively,and addition of the same metallic ions and butyl xanthate makes zeta potential drop apparently,which support a mechanism where they adsorb onto quartz surface,resulting in an expected increase in butyl xanthate collector adsorption with a concomitant increase in the flotation recoveries.

Systematic Selection of Green Solvents for Organic Reacting Systems

The solvent selection methodology developed earlier by. Gani （tal. （Comp. Chem. Eng., 2005）has been extended to handle multi-step reaction systems. The solvent selection problem was formulated based on the methodology guidelines, and solved using ICAS software tool. A list with solvent candidates is generated so that it can be further investigated experimentally. Comments and clarifications from chemists have been incorporated into the problem forrnulations to clarify the role of the solvents in the chemistry and potential reactivity issues. Highly promising results were obtained, in accordance with. industrial process data.

Study on the Axial Dispersion of Liquid in Column Flotation

An experimental study on the axial dispersion of liquid was carried out in a 0.382-m-ID flotation column packed with different structured packings or free of packings. The correlations of axial Peclet numbers with the liquid and gas superficial Reynolds numbers were developed for various packings. Among the packings tested, it is found that in the column packed with 250Y or 350Y packings the axial dispersion is the lowest. The addition of frother can decrease the axial dispersion. By the simulation analysis of the one-dimension dispersion model of packed flotation column, it is found that small axial dispersion, high collection rate constant and low axial liquid velocity can increase the collection zone recovery.

New pretreatment method for high-tension electrical separation of zircon from quartz

Electrostatic separation is one of the mineral processing methods based on mineral conductivity.This method has some significant problems such as being sensitive to humidity,high middling product,and impurity of non-conductive minerals.In this study,a new pretreatment method was proposed for the separation of zircon from quartz before electrostatic separation to solve these disadvantages.In this regard,two stages of pretreatment were applied which involved using collector of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)for adjusting wettability of the zircon surface and spraying electrolyte aqueous solution to increase conductivity of the quartz surface.The effects of important parameters including pH,collector concentration,conditioning time,and concentration and type of electrolyte on the process efficiency were evaluated.The results showed that the optimal conditions of high-tension electrical separation were pH of 4,SDS concentration of 1×10-4 mol/L,conditioning time of 4 min and NaCl as an electrolyte with concentration of 4.27 mol/L.Separation efficiency of 95.12% was achieved in optimum conditions.This pretreatment method can be successfully used before high-tension electrical separation to separate the conductive or non-conductive minerals with various compositions.