The high price and toxicity of ionic liquids(ILs) have limited the design and application of supported ionic liquid membranes(SILMs) for CO_2 separation in both academic and industrial fields. In this work, [Choline][...The high price and toxicity of ionic liquids(ILs) have limited the design and application of supported ionic liquid membranes(SILMs) for CO_2 separation in both academic and industrial fields. In this work, [Choline][Pro]/polyethylene glycol 200(PEG200) mixtures were selected to prepare novel SILMs because of their green and costeffective characterization, and the CO_2/N_2 separation with the prepared SILMs was investigated experimentally at temperatures from 308.15 to 343.15 K. The temperature effect on the permeability, solubility and diffusivity of CO_2 was modeled with the Arrhenius equation. A competitive performance of the prepared SILMs was observed with high CO_2 permeability ranged in 343.3–1798.6 barrer and high CO_2/N_2 selectivity from 7.9 to 34.8.It was also found that the CO_2 permeability increased 3 times by decreasing the viscosity of liquids from 370 to38 m Pa·s. In addition, the inherent mechanism behind the significant permeability enhancement was revealed based on the diffusion-reaction theory, i.e. with the addition of PEG200, the overall resistance was substantially decreased and the SILMs process was switched from diffusion-control to reaction-control.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to evaluate effect of 3 levels of butylated hydroxytoluene （BHT） supplemented in extender for fighting bull semen. Ejaculates were obtained from 10 healthy fighting bulls by artifici...The aim of the present study was to evaluate effect of 3 levels of butylated hydroxytoluene （BHT） supplemented in extender for fighting bull semen. Ejaculates were obtained from 10 healthy fighting bulls by artificial vagina. Semen with motility of more than 70% was included in the experiment. Tris-fructose-glycerol-egg yolk extender containing 0, 1, 3 and 7 mM BHT was used to dilute semen to final concentration of 200 × 10^6 cells/ml. Diluted semen was frozen in 0.25 mL straws and frozen semen was thawed in a 37 ℃ water bath for 15 sec before being evaluated at 0 and 1 hour. Sperm motility at 0 and 1 hour after thawing did not differ among groups tested （ranged 47.86-53.57 and 21.79-24.29 respectively）. At 0 hour after thawing, percentage of live sperm of 3 mM BHT （37.39% ± 2.91%） was lower than those of 0 and 1 mM BHT （43.71%± 2.76% and 41.46% ±2.59% respectively, P 〈 0.05） but not different from 7 mM BHT （40.89%± 2.50%）. The effect was more significant at 1 hour after thawing and 3 mM BHT （32.07% ± 2.45%） suppressed live cells more than other concentrations （ranged 35.07%-37.46%, P 〈 0.05）. At 0 hour after thawing, percentage of membrane integrity （hypo-osmotic swelling test） was not affected by BHT concentration （ranged 23.89%-28.54%）. However, at 1 hour after thawing, percentage of membrane integrity of 3 mM BHT （19.75% ± 1.41%） was lower that of 7 mM BHT （23.29% ± 1.88%, P 〈 0.05） but not different from those of 0 and 1 mM BHT （20.32% ±1.81% and 22.07% ± 2.27% respectively）. No significant effect was found on percentage of abnormal sperm. There was no effect of BHT supplementation in extender on most of the Hamilton-thorn motility analyser parameters. It may be concluded that 3 mM BHT can be harmful to fighting bull spermatozoa and lower concentrmion can be used without detrimental effect. Further study may be needed to verify use of BHT in lower range of concentrations.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB733501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21136004,21176112,21476106,and21428601)+1 种基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20133221110001)the Project of Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘The high price and toxicity of ionic liquids(ILs) have limited the design and application of supported ionic liquid membranes(SILMs) for CO_2 separation in both academic and industrial fields. In this work, [Choline][Pro]/polyethylene glycol 200(PEG200) mixtures were selected to prepare novel SILMs because of their green and costeffective characterization, and the CO_2/N_2 separation with the prepared SILMs was investigated experimentally at temperatures from 308.15 to 343.15 K. The temperature effect on the permeability, solubility and diffusivity of CO_2 was modeled with the Arrhenius equation. A competitive performance of the prepared SILMs was observed with high CO_2 permeability ranged in 343.3–1798.6 barrer and high CO_2/N_2 selectivity from 7.9 to 34.8.It was also found that the CO_2 permeability increased 3 times by decreasing the viscosity of liquids from 370 to38 m Pa·s. In addition, the inherent mechanism behind the significant permeability enhancement was revealed based on the diffusion-reaction theory, i.e. with the addition of PEG200, the overall resistance was substantially decreased and the SILMs process was switched from diffusion-control to reaction-control.
文摘The aim of the present study was to evaluate effect of 3 levels of butylated hydroxytoluene （BHT） supplemented in extender for fighting bull semen. Ejaculates were obtained from 10 healthy fighting bulls by artificial vagina. Semen with motility of more than 70% was included in the experiment. Tris-fructose-glycerol-egg yolk extender containing 0, 1, 3 and 7 mM BHT was used to dilute semen to final concentration of 200 × 10^6 cells/ml. Diluted semen was frozen in 0.25 mL straws and frozen semen was thawed in a 37 ℃ water bath for 15 sec before being evaluated at 0 and 1 hour. Sperm motility at 0 and 1 hour after thawing did not differ among groups tested （ranged 47.86-53.57 and 21.79-24.29 respectively）. At 0 hour after thawing, percentage of live sperm of 3 mM BHT （37.39% ± 2.91%） was lower than those of 0 and 1 mM BHT （43.71%± 2.76% and 41.46% ±2.59% respectively, P 〈 0.05） but not different from 7 mM BHT （40.89%± 2.50%）. The effect was more significant at 1 hour after thawing and 3 mM BHT （32.07% ± 2.45%） suppressed live cells more than other concentrations （ranged 35.07%-37.46%, P 〈 0.05）. At 0 hour after thawing, percentage of membrane integrity （hypo-osmotic swelling test） was not affected by BHT concentration （ranged 23.89%-28.54%）. However, at 1 hour after thawing, percentage of membrane integrity of 3 mM BHT （19.75% ± 1.41%） was lower that of 7 mM BHT （23.29% ± 1.88%, P 〈 0.05） but not different from those of 0 and 1 mM BHT （20.32% ±1.81% and 22.07% ± 2.27% respectively）. No significant effect was found on percentage of abnormal sperm. There was no effect of BHT supplementation in extender on most of the Hamilton-thorn motility analyser parameters. It may be concluded that 3 mM BHT can be harmful to fighting bull spermatozoa and lower concentrmion can be used without detrimental effect. Further study may be needed to verify use of BHT in lower range of concentrations.
