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‘燕山红栗’坚果不同发育时期淀粉粒显微结构变化 被引量:1
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作者 陈良珂 李志 +5 位作者 王玉龙 秦岭 曹庆芹 房克凤 张卿 邢宇 《北京农学院学报》 2017年第4期46-51,共6页
【目的】为板栗品种的筛选、资源利用以及加工特性的改良调控提供理论依据。【方法】以‘燕山红栗’为试验试材,通过碘染法、切片法和淀粉粒提取法,及显微镜观察淀粉粒,分析坚果不同发育时期淀粉颗粒变化。偏光显微镜观察淀粉颗粒偏光特... 【目的】为板栗品种的筛选、资源利用以及加工特性的改良调控提供理论依据。【方法】以‘燕山红栗’为试验试材,通过碘染法、切片法和淀粉粒提取法,及显微镜观察淀粉粒,分析坚果不同发育时期淀粉颗粒变化。偏光显微镜观察淀粉颗粒偏光特性;X射线衍射法分析淀粉颗粒晶型;扫描电镜观察淀粉颗粒表面形态。【结果】淀粉颗粒几乎占据板栗子叶细胞的所有空间,淀粉颗粒粒度分布不均匀,大小淀粉粒同时存在于细胞中,小淀粉粒直径3~5μm,大淀粉粒直径可达到20μm,随着坚果发育大淀粉颗粒比例不断增多。淀粉颗粒呈鹅卵石状,表面光滑。淀粉颗粒为单粒淀粉,晶型为C型,具有明显的马耳他十字。【结论】为淀粉特性的变化提供形态、分布的理论依据,为板栗加工、品种改良、良种选育提供依据。 展开更多
关键词 燕山红栗 淀粉发育 显微结构
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种植密度对玉米种皮形态建成及胚乳淀粉粒发育的影响 被引量:13
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作者 王庆成 刘霞 +1 位作者 李宗新 刘开昌 《中国农业科学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2008年第8期2506-2512,共7页
【目的】阐明种植密度对玉米种皮形态建成及胚乳淀粉粒发育的影响。【方法】利用荧光显微镜和透射电镜,研究了30000株/公顷(低密度)和90000株/公顷(高密度)两种种植密度下玉米种皮形态建成及胚乳淀粉粒发育规律。【结果】随着籽粒的发育... 【目的】阐明种植密度对玉米种皮形态建成及胚乳淀粉粒发育的影响。【方法】利用荧光显微镜和透射电镜,研究了30000株/公顷(低密度)和90000株/公顷(高密度)两种种植密度下玉米种皮形态建成及胚乳淀粉粒发育规律。【结果】随着籽粒的发育,内珠被中的细胞质首先作为营养物质被吸收、解体,形成珠被绒毡层;珠被绒毡层退化消失的同时,子房壁细胞也离散解体,最终使子房壁和内珠被愈合在一起,形成种皮。胚乳内淀粉粒的积累是由内向外进行的,胚乳第二层细胞内淀粉粒的发育要早于胚乳最外层细胞。授粉后10~15d是胚乳淀粉粒发育的质变关键时期(由无到有);而授粉后20~25d是淀粉粒发育的量变关键时期(由少到多)。高密度处理的种皮细胞总层数约占低密度处理的1/2,但其各层细胞中的内容物相对较多,种皮形态建成的速度较慢。授粉后10~20d,高密度处理的胚乳淀粉粒明显比低密度处理大且多;而授粉后25d表现相反。玉米胚乳淀粉粒的剖面面积多数集中在0~0.8μm2之间,约占52.90%,大于3.6μm2的仅占0.72%,有90.58%的淀粉粒的剖面面积小于2.0μm2。【结论】通过改变玉米种植密度,可以调节其种皮形态建成及胚乳淀粉粒发育速度。 展开更多
关键词 玉米 种植密度 种皮 形态建成 淀粉发育
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不同垩白度粳稻胚乳淀粉体发育的扫描电镜观察 被引量:15
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作者 杨福 宋惠 +1 位作者 崔喜艳 高玮 《作物学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2004年第4期406-408,T002,共4页
关键词 垩白度 粳稻 胚乳细胞 淀粉发育 扫描电镜 淀粉粒形态
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莲幼胚子叶细胞中淀粉质体的发育及其生物大分子的观察 被引量:6
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作者 孙德兰 苏秀珍 王红 《西北植物学报》 CAS CSCD 1998年第4期570-576,共7页
莲胚子叶细胞中质体的产生从受精后的4d左右一直延续到21d左右。质体的分裂是质体数目增加的一种方式。子叶细胞在发育阶段Ⅰ,即分生组织细胞中前质体大量出现,体积小,多为变形虫状,大量的位于细胞的外围。在电子密度低的区域... 莲胚子叶细胞中质体的产生从受精后的4d左右一直延续到21d左右。质体的分裂是质体数目增加的一种方式。子叶细胞在发育阶段Ⅰ,即分生组织细胞中前质体大量出现,体积小,多为变形虫状,大量的位于细胞的外围。在电子密度低的区域能观察到前质体的纤维丝。从发育阶段Ⅱ(液泡化时期)一直到阶段Ⅲ中期(细胞处于功能期,物质合成与积累时期),质体在发育中出现一些片层结构和管状复合体,这时淀粉粒开始沉积,同时在淀粉质体的膜结构和基质中常能观察到像核糖体的颗粒。在受精后的15d左右,子叶细胞中质体开始大量合成并积累淀粉。与此同时,淀粉体DNA开始出现,子叶细胞发育到授精后的18-22d时,是淀粉质体DNA复制的盛期。23d后,部分淀粉体显DNA拟核区域,有的出现多个DNA拟核区,这时淀粉体中有大量的蛋白质和蛋白块积累,一般沉积在质体的内膜周围。在部分质体中同时能观察到DNA区域、蛋白质的积累和淀粉部分的存在。约在受精后20d,淀粉体核糖体的结构已清晰可辨。在发育阶段Ⅲ的后期,质体周围的基膜结构和核糖体颗粒已经观察不到了。淀粉质体是个半自主性的器官,它有自己的DNA和RNA。 展开更多
关键词 淀粉质体发育 幼胚 子叶细胞 淀粉质体核糖体
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温度对优质中籼稻籽粒灌浆及淀粉体发育的影响 被引量:7
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作者 朱雪梅 邵继荣 杨文钰 《四川农业大学学报》 CSCD 2005年第2期152-155,167,共5页
通过对优质中籼稻E优540在适温24℃(26℃/22℃)和高温33℃(36℃/30℃)条件下的籽粒含水率变化及灌浆动态的测定表明,高温加速籽粒含水率下降,缩短了品种的灌浆时间,使籽粒的灌浆物质积累减少,原有灌浆进程改变,最终导致粒重下降,品质变... 通过对优质中籼稻E优540在适温24℃(26℃/22℃)和高温33℃(36℃/30℃)条件下的籽粒含水率变化及灌浆动态的测定表明,高温加速籽粒含水率下降,缩短了品种的灌浆时间,使籽粒的灌浆物质积累减少,原有灌浆进程改变,最终导致粒重下降,品质变劣,扫描电镜观察也证明了这一点。同时扫描电镜观察还发现:随温度不同,稻米淀粉体形态发育及胚乳透明度建成呈现两种不同的模式。 展开更多
关键词 温度 中籼稻 籽粒灌浆 淀粉发育
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小麦胚乳A、B型淀粉粒的形成与生长特征及氮素调节 被引量:8
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作者 李文阳 闫素辉 王振林 《中国粮油学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2016年第5期22-26,共5页
为研究小麦胚乳淀粉粒形成与生长特征,以优质小麦品种藁城8901为材料,在缺氮(对照)和施氮条件下,对籽粒发育过程中淀粉粒的产生、体积与数目分布及粒径变化进行比较。结果表明,花后4 d,小麦胚乳已出现A型淀粉粒,其中施氮处理粒径显著... 为研究小麦胚乳淀粉粒形成与生长特征,以优质小麦品种藁城8901为材料,在缺氮(对照)和施氮条件下,对籽粒发育过程中淀粉粒的产生、体积与数目分布及粒径变化进行比较。结果表明,花后4 d,小麦胚乳已出现A型淀粉粒,其中施氮处理粒径显著高于对照,说明氮素有利于早期淀粉粒的产生。花后10 d,又产生了一个新的小淀粉粒群体,即B型淀粉粒。花后10~12 d,施氮处理的粒径显著低于对照,可能是这个阶段施氮能促进小麦产生了更多的小(B型)淀粉粒,说明这个时期淀粉粒的生长以数目增长为主。花后14~17d,施氮处理淀粉粒粒径显著高于对照,说明这个时期淀粉粒生长以个体体积增大为主。花后24 d,〈0.8μm淀粉粒数目急剧增加,表明此期又产生了一个小淀粉粒群体。花后28 d,施氮处理〈0.8μm淀粉粒数目仍不断增加,表明施氮能促进灌浆后期籽粒产生更多的小淀粉粒。通过透射电镜观察发现,小淀粉粒是由大淀粉粒分裂而来的,单个存在。小麦胚乳A型淀粉粒形成和发育时期基本在花后14 d之前,而B型淀粉粒在成熟前,其体积和数目一直在增加。施氮有利于胚乳A、B型淀粉粒个体的增大和数目的增多。 展开更多
关键词 小麦 淀粉 淀粉发育 氮素
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不同密度玉米种皮形态建成及胚乳淀粉粒超微结构差异 被引量:4
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作者 王庆成 刘霞 +2 位作者 李宗新 刘开昌 张慧 《玉米科学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2007年第4期75-78,共4页
试验以鲁单981为材料,研究了30000株/hm^2(低密度)和90000株/hm^2(高密度)种植密度下,玉米种皮的形态及胚乳淀粉粒超微结构。结果表明,随着子粒的发育,内珠被中的细胞质首先作为营养物质被吸收、解体,形成类似珠被绒毡层的黑层。黑层退... 试验以鲁单981为材料,研究了30000株/hm^2(低密度)和90000株/hm^2(高密度)种植密度下,玉米种皮的形态及胚乳淀粉粒超微结构。结果表明,随着子粒的发育,内珠被中的细胞质首先作为营养物质被吸收、解体,形成类似珠被绒毡层的黑层。黑层退化消失的同时,子房壁细胞也离散解体,最终使子房壁和内珠被愈合在一起形成种皮。授粉后10~15d是胚乳淀粉粒发育的质变时期;授粉后20~25d是淀粉粒发育的量变时期。高密度处理的种皮细胞总层数约占低密度处理的1/2,但其各层细胞中的内容物相对较多,种皮形态建成的速度较慢。授粉后10~20d,高密度处理的胚乳淀粉粒明显比低密度处理大且多;而授粉后25d表现相反。玉米胚乳淀粉粒的剖面面积多数集中在0.28~0.56μm^2,约占24.8%,剖面面积大于2.52μm^2的淀粉粒仅占5.2%。 展开更多
关键词 玉米 种皮 形态建成 淀粉发育 种植密度
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高淀粉玉米胚乳淀粉粒度分布特征及其对水分胁迫的响应 被引量:5
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作者 阴卫军 王庆成 +2 位作者 刘霞 付晋 孙庆泉 《山东农业科学》 2013年第1期54-59,共6页
以郑单21为试验材料,利用透射电镜(TEM:Transmission Electron Microscope)和激光粒度分析仪研究水分胁迫下玉米胚乳淀粉粒的形态和粒度分布。结果表明:水分胁迫导致玉米籽粒形态建成滞后,尤其是内、外珠被组织解体和胚乳淀粉粒积累的... 以郑单21为试验材料,利用透射电镜(TEM:Transmission Electron Microscope)和激光粒度分析仪研究水分胁迫下玉米胚乳淀粉粒的形态和粒度分布。结果表明:水分胁迫导致玉米籽粒形态建成滞后,尤其是内、外珠被组织解体和胚乳淀粉粒积累的速度减缓。授粉后7天,水分胁迫处理的籽粒外珠被尚未退化消失,果皮、内珠被和胚乳细胞的界限模糊,几乎每个果皮细胞内都含有细胞核;而正常供水处理的玉米籽粒外珠被已退化消失,果皮、内珠被和胚乳细胞的界限清晰,果皮细胞内容物较少,细胞壁较薄,内珠被细胞明显较大,内容物少,绝大多数细胞无细胞核。授粉后11天,两处理的胚乳细胞的细胞壁明显变薄,细胞内容物显著增多,细胞内已明显可见大大小小的淀粉粒,但正常供水处理的淀粉粒明显大且多。水分胁迫处理的淀粉粒表面积、数目和体积分布均呈单峰曲线,而正常供水处理表现为淀粉粒数目分布呈单峰曲线,表面积分布和体积分布呈双峰曲线。水分胁迫可降低A型淀粉粒的表面积、数目和体积百分比,增加B型淀粉粒的表面积、数目和体积百分比。 展开更多
关键词 淀粉玉米 淀粉发育 粒度分布 水分胁迫
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Activities, Quantitative Changes and Subcellular Localization of α-Amylase During Development of Apple Fruit 被引量:13
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作者 王永章 张大鹏 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2002年第1期34-41,共8页
Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. α_Amylase is considered as one of the ke... Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. α_Amylase is considered as one of the key enzymes catalyzing starch breakdown, but up to date its role in starch breakdown in living cells remains unclear because the enzyme was often shown extrachloroplastic in living cells. The present experiment showed that α_amylase activity was progressively increasing concomitantly with the decreasing starch concentrations during the development of apple ( Malus domestica Borkh cv. Starkrimson) fruit. The apparent amount of α_amylase assessed by Western blotting also increased during the fruit development, which is consistent with the seasonal changes in the enzyme activity. The enzyme subcellular_localization studies via immunogold electron_ microscopy technique showed that α_amylase visualized by gold particles was predominantly located in plastids, but the gold particles were scarcely found in other subcellular compartments. A high density of the enzyme was observed at the periphery of starch granules during the middle and late developmental stages. These data proved that the enzyme is compartmented in its functional sites in the living cells of the fruit. The predominantly plastid_distributed pattern of α_amylase in cells was shown unchanged throughout the fruit development. The density of gold particles (α_amylase) in plastids was increasing during the fruit development, which is consistent with the results of Western blotting. So it is considered that α_amylase is involved in starch hydrolysis in plastids of the fruit cells. 展开更多
关键词 AMYLASE subcellular localization apple fruit
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Effect of amyloid peptides on serum withdrawal-induced cell differentiation and cell viability 被引量:3
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作者 YiPengWANG ZeFenWANG YingChunZHANG QingTIAN JianZhiWANG 《Cell Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2004年第6期467-472,共6页
Abnormal deposition of amyloid-p(Ap) peptides and formation of neuritic plaques are recognized as pathological processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. By using amyloid precursor protein (APP) transfected cell... Abnormal deposition of amyloid-p(Ap) peptides and formation of neuritic plaques are recognized as pathological processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. By using amyloid precursor protein (APP) transfected cells, this study aims to investigate the effect of overproduction of Aβ on cell differentiation and cell viability. It was shown that after serum withdrawal, untransfected cell (N2a/Wt) and vector transfected cells (N2a/vector) extended long and branched cell processes, whereas no neurites was induced in wild type APP (N2a/APP695) and Swedish mutant APP (N2a/ APPswe) transfected N2a cells. After differentiation by serum withdrawal, the localization of APP/AP and neurofilament was extended to neurites, whereas those of APP-transfected cells were stillrestricted within the cell body. Levels of both APP and Aβ were significantly higher in N2a/APP695 and N2a/APPswe than in N2a/Wt, as determined by Western blot and Sandwich ELISA, respectively. To further investigate the effect of A0 on the inhibition of cell differentiation, we added exogenously the similar level or about 10-times of the AP level produced by N2a/APP695 and N2a/APPswe to the culture medium and co-cultured with N2a/Wt for 12 h, and we found that the inhibition of serum withdrawal-induced differentiation observed in N2a/APP695 and N2a/APPswe could not be reproduced by exogenous administration of AP into N2a/Wt. We also observed that neither endogenous production nor exogenous addition of Aβ1-40 or Aβ1-42, even to hundreds fold of the physiological concentration, affected obviously the cell viability. These results suggest that the overproduction of AP could not arrest cell differentiation induced by serum deprivation and that, at least to a certain degree and in a limited time period, is not toxic to cell viability. 展开更多
关键词 Alzheimer's disease amyloid β cell differentiation.
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Low humic acids promote in vitro lily bulblet enlargement by enhancing roots growth and carbohydrate metabolism
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作者 Yun WU Yi-ping XIA +4 位作者 Jia-ping ZHANG Fang DU Lin ZHANG Yi-di MA Hong ZHOU 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第11期892-904,共13页
Bulblet development is a problem in global lily bulb production and carbohydrate metabolism is a crucial factor. Micropropagation acts as an efficient substitute for faster propagation and can provide a controllable c... Bulblet development is a problem in global lily bulb production and carbohydrate metabolism is a crucial factor. Micropropagation acts as an efficient substitute for faster propagation and can provide a controllable condition to explore bulb growth. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) on bulblet swelling and the carbohydrate metabolic pathway in Li/ium Oriental Hybrids 'Sorbonne' under in vitro conditions. HA greatly promoted bulblet growth at 0.2, 2.0, and 20.0 mg/L, and pronounced increases in bulblet sucrose, total soluble sugar, and starch content were observed for higher HA concentrations (_〉2.0 mg/L) within 45 d after transplanting (DAT). The activities of three major starch synthetic enzymes (including adenosine 5'-diphosphate glucose pyro- phosphorylase, granule-bound starch synthase, and soluble starch synthase) were enhanced dramatically after HA application especially low concentration HA (LHA), indicating a quick response of starch metabolism. However, higher doses of HA also caused excessive aboveground biomass accumulation and inhibited root growth. Accordingly, an earlier carbon starvation emerged by observing evident starch degradation. Relative bulblet weight gradually decreased with increased HA doses and thereby broke the balance between the source and sink. A low HA concentration at 0.2 mg/L performed best in both root and bulblet growth. The number of roots and root length peaked at 14.5 and 5.75 cm respectively. The fresh bulblet weight and diameter reached 468 mg (2.9 times that under the control treatment) and 11.68 mm, respectively. Further, sucrose/starch utilization and conversion were accelerated and carbon famine was delayed as a result with an average relative bulblet weight of 80.09%. To our knowledge, this is the first HA application and mechanism research into starch metabolism in both in vitro and in vivo condition in bulbous crops. 展开更多
关键词 Bulblet development Humic acid Starch metabolism Source-sink conversion Lilium Oriental Hybrids ‘Sorbonne'
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