孟鲁司特对哮喘豚鼠气道淋巴细胞凋亡及核因子-κB活化的影响

目的:研究白三烯受体阻滞剂孟鲁司特(montelukast,MK)对哮喘豚鼠气道淋巴细胞(lymphocyte,LC)凋亡和核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)活化的影响及二者相关性,探讨MK阻滞哮喘气道炎症的可能机制。方法:以卵白蛋白致敏豚鼠制备哮喘模型。用密度梯度离心法分离并计数支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的淋巴细胞;采用TUNEL技术原位检测淋巴细胞凋亡;通过免疫细胞化学染色技术检测NF-κB胞核阳性的淋巴细胞。结果:与模型组相比,MK能显著降低哮喘豚鼠BALF中LC的数量,升高淋巴细胞凋亡率,降低NF-κB胞核阳性率。淋巴细胞凋亡异常与NF-κB激活增加呈显著负相关。结论:MK抑制气道淋巴细胞NF-κB的激活和促进淋巴细胞凋亡可能是其阻滞哮喘气道炎症的一个重要机制。

慢性乙型肝炎病人结肠粘膜淋巴细胞亚群分析

本文用组织学和免疫组织化学方法对１５例经肝穿刺证实的中、重度慢性乙型病毒性肝炎病人的结肠粘膜进行了免疫病理学研究。发现该组病人结肠粘膜固有层淋巴细胞增多，上皮间淋巴细胞减少；ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ８＋细胞增多，ＣＤ４＋细胞变化不大；少量上皮细胞有ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ的表达。提示有轻度炎症反应，但炎症程度远不如非特异性结肠炎，且有质的不同。这种轻度炎症反应与中、重度慢性肝炎病人结肠粘膜机械屏障受损、抗原刺激粘膜免疫系统导致局部免疫状态发生改变有关。

Lymphocyte reduction induced by hindlimb unloading: distinct mechanisms in the spleen and thymus

Hindlimb unloading(HU)in rodent is a well-accepted ground-based model used to simulate some of the conditions of space flight and reproduce its deleterious effects on the musculoskeletal,cardiovascular and immune systems.In this study,the effects of HU on lymphocyte homeostasis in the spleen and thymus of mice were examined.HU was found to drastically deplete various cell populations in the spleen and thymus.These changes are likely to be mediated by apoptosis,since DNA strand breaks indicative of apoptosis were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labeling in both splenocytes and thymocytes.Surprisingly,administration of opioid antagonists or interference with the Fas-FasL interaction was able to block HU-induced reductions of splenocytes,but not thymocytes.On the other hand,steroid receptor antagonists blocked the reduction of lymphocyte numbers in both spleen and thymus.Therefore,the effects of HU on the homeostasis of splenocytes and thymocytes must be exerted through distinct mechanisms.

Study on the Clinical Effectiveness of Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis

Objective To investigate the theoretical basis and clinical significance of thymectomy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods Analyze the changes in the contents of serum AchRab and sIL-2R, lymphocyte subtypes in peripheral blood lymphocytes before and after thymectomy in 69 patients.Results In the study group significant changes were found in serum contents of AchRab and sIL-2R before and after operation and there was also remarkable change in the number and constitution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subtypes. Conclusion Thymectomy is an effective therapy for MG.

The Characteristics of Celiac Trunk Lymph-node Metastases of Esophageal Cancer in the Thoracic Segment and Clinical Significance for Wide-Excision

OBJECTIVE To understand the characteristics of celiac trunk lymph-node metastases of thoracic esophageal carcinoma and their influence on prognosis of the patients, and to investigate a reasonable range for regional celiac trunk lymph-node clearance. METHODS Clinical specimens of 241 patients receiving resection of a thoracic esophageal carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. RIESULTS The rate of the patient celiac lymph-node metastases was 32.4%（78/241）, and of the lymph nodes examined, 9.8% were found to have metastasis. The extent of metastases adjacent to the common hepatic artery and celiac trunk and within the hepatoduodenal ligaments was 6.6%, 6.9% and 6.3%, respectively. The tumor site, extent of invasion and level of cell differentiation were the factors influencing lymph-node metastases, but they were unrelated to the length of the tumor. The overall rate of regional celiac recurrence for the patients 3 years after operation was 5.4%. The 3-year survivals for the patients with metastases of the celiac lymph nodes was 42.3%, which was lower compared to the non-metastatic patients （70.6%） （P〈0.01）. CONCLUSION Celiac lymph-node metastases are one of key factors affecting the prognosis of the patients receiving resection of esophageal cancer, and extensive clearance of the celiac-trunk lymph nodes can reduce the rate of postoperative regional metastases.

Molecular mechanism of damage and repair of mouse thymus lymphocytes induced by radiation

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of apoptosis in radiation-induced mouse thymus lymphocyte damage and repair and provide the basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of radiation-induced lymphocyte damage and repair as well as the prevention and treatment of acute radiation sickness. METHODS: We studied the dynamic changes of apoptosis of mouse thymus lymphocytes and the expression of bax and bcl-2 gene products after 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy of whole body gamma-irradiation using in situ terminal labeling, DNA electrophoresis and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS: At the early stage after irradiation, the percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes increased rapidly in accordance with the increasing of radiation doses, while the counts of the thymus and peripheral lymphocytes decreased sharply, showing an opposite change to lymphocyte apoptosis. After 6 Gy gamma-irradiation, typical morphological characteristics of thymus apoptotic lymphocytes in early, middle and late stages were found by transmission electron microscopy. The thymus lymphocytes displayed characteristic DNA ladders 4 hr and 8 hr after 2-6 Gy gamma-irradiation,using DNA gel electrophoresis techniques. Abnormal expression of bcl-2 and bax gene products were shown in irradiated lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis plays an important role in the process of radiation-induced mouse thymus lymphocyte damage and repair. Bcl-2 and Bax proteins may regulate the process of lymphocyte apoptosis.

Antithymocyte globulin/antilymphocyte globulin plus kidney-nourishing Chinese Medicinal:effect on severe aplastic anemia

OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of antithymocyte globulin （ATG）/antilymphocyte globulin （ALG） plus kidney-nourishing Chinese medicinal （KNCM） on se- vere aplastic anemia （SAA）. METHODS： Twenty-five subjects of severe aplastic anemia were treated with ATG/ALD plus KNCM be- tween 1992 and 2009, and the clinical data before and after treatment were collected and analyzed. RESULTS： Of the 25 patients, 9 were nearly cured, 6 were improved, 5 were in remission, and 5 failed. The overall effective rate was 80.0%. The 3-year, 5-year, 10-year, 15-year survival rate were respec- tively 98.6%, 97.3%, 97.3%, 67.5%, and median sur- vival time was 180 months. Compared to the condi- tions before administering the medication of ATG/ ALG plus KNCM, after 2 weeks, reticulocyte was first improved （P=0.001）, one month later, followed by palette （P=0.037）, two months later, by neutrophil cell in peripheral blood （P=0.001）; three months lat- er, then by the hemoglobin （P=0.012）. By conduct- ing 1-year follow-up, 1 case of complication--parox-ysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria （PNH） was identi- fied and the patient still alive today. CONCLUSION： ATG/ALG fect on SAA and could rate. plus KNCM had better ef- improve patients＇ survival