多相流动淡水体系中碳钢冲刷腐蚀电化学行为的研究

在含砂淡水流动体系中对HG60碳钢进行了电化学测量 ,用旋转圆柱电极方法研究了冲刷腐蚀条件下影响2 0A碳钢阴极行为的两个因素。结果显示 ,水流速度的提高、固体颗粒物的存在都能使氧的传输加强 ,提高氧的极限扩散电流 ,使碳钢的冲蚀情况加剧 ,在 180 0～ 30 0 0r/min(线速度小于 2 .17m/s)转速条件下 ,碳钢在 0 .1mol/L硫酸钠介质中的冲刷腐蚀由氧的扩散控制 ;当水流速度进一步提高 (≥ 8m/s)时 。

在淡水生态体系中,对总氮包括可酸水解磷测定的凯氏方法的改进

本文报导了一种较传统的凯氏方法简单、快速和准确的手续。这种方法除了测定总氮以外,还可以测定酸水解产生的磷,但不能区分亚硝盐氮和硝酸盐氮。在μg数量级情况下,样品中含10～200μgN/L和10～200μgP/L时,本法是灵敏的。比色法测定氮和磷,重现性好于±10%。应用本法测定了在智利中部采集的水、沉积物、大型植物和陆生植物中的磷酸盐中的磷和氨中的氮。

影响钻井液pH值的因素研究

研究了钻井液各种组分对体系pH值的影响,结果表明:在淡水体系中,氯化钠、石膏、铁矿粉使体系的初始pH值下降,而重晶石对体系pH值没有影响;有机盐使淡水体系和饱和盐水体系的初始pH值上升,在饱和盐水体系中表现一定的缓冲作用;表面活性剂使淡水体系和饱和盐水体系的初始pH值上升;HPAM、CMC、XC使淡水体系和饱和盐水体系的初始pH值上升;在淡水体系和饱和盐水体系中,SMP-Ⅱ有显著的缓冲作用,其原因是SMP-Ⅲ分子上的酚羟基与酚钠构成缓冲体系。

聚合醇钻井液高温稳定性的研究

研究了在钻井液淡水体系和盐水体系中加入聚合醇对降滤失剂滤失量的影响。结果表明 ,钻井液体系中加入聚合醇能有效提高降滤失剂的耐温性 ,盐水钻井液比淡水钻井液体系提高降滤失剂高温稳定性的效果更加明显。

Water Quality Evaluation Index System for Freshwater Aquaculture Pond

[Objective] The aim was to establish the water quality evaluation index system for freshwater aquaculture pond.[Method] The expert survey,DELPHI,field research and other methods were used.Based on the analysis of factors influencing water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond,and the importance degree of 14 factors influencing water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond was ordered.Then,five factors were selected as index to establish the water quality evaluation index system of freshwater aquaculture with the determination for thresholds of these factors.[Result] The importance degree of water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond showed an order of Dissolved oxygenpHPhytoplankton biomassSecchi depthTotal NitrogenZooplankton biomassWater temperatureBiochemical Oxygen DemandWater colorSalinityTotal hardness;according to the value of importance degree,the dissolved oxygen,pH,secchi depth,phytoplankton biomass and total nitrogen these five factors were selected as the index system of water quality evaluation of pond.The level of water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond was divided into five,and the tolerance range of fish to each index was obtained by expert observation.[Conclusion] This study had provided a scientific basis for water quality evaluation system of freshwater aquaculture pond.

Eco-Environment Status of the Bohai Bay and the Impact of Coastal Exploitation

With the rapid economic development in the surrounding coastal zone, more and more wastewater has been discharged into the Bohai Bay. And with the scale of coastal exploitation being expanded year by year, the eco-environment of the Bohai Bay has been confronted with great pressure. In this paper, the main problems in the eco-environment of the Bohai Bay were summarized firstly. Red tides occurred more frequently and more seriously; salinity rose in inshore area, the fishery resources degenerated; all the above indicate that the eco-environment of the Bohai Bay is under a severe situation Next, to make a concrete study of the existing status of the Bohai Bay, the eco-environment index system was set up. Then the principal components analytic method and grey relation method were adopted to carry on a comprehensive analysis on the status. The results show that serious pollution of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate, and poor species diversity are the main presentations of the bad quality of the inshore aquatic eco-environment of the Bohai Bay, which is mainly induced by the massive discharge of pollutant from land and the overexploitation in the surrounding coastal zone. At last, the variations of hydrodynamic characteristics and the pollutant transport caused by coastal exploitations such as reclamation and seawater desalination are analyzed. The results show that reclamation in coastal water not only decreases the tidal prism and weakens the tidal current action, but also influences the pollution distribution in the coastal water. The seawater desalination project would cause tremendous influence to the aquatic eco-environment of the Bohai Bay as the pollutant＇s pulse impact. Much more attention would be paid to the reasonable use of the coastal zone resources and the control of pollution from land-based sources.

The importance of terrestrial carbon in supporting molluscs in the wetlands of Poyang Lake

Allochthonous organic matter plays an important role in nutrient cycling and energy mobilization in freshwater ecosystems. However, the subsidies of this carbon source in floodplain ecosystems have not yet well understood. We used a Bayesian mixing model and stable isotopes （613C and 815N） of primary food resources and dominant molluscs species, to estimate the relative importance of allochthonous carbon sources for consumers in a representative sub-lake of Poyang Lake during a prolonged dry season. Our study inferred that terrestrial-derived carbon from Carex spp. could be the primary contributor to snails and mussels in Dahuchi Lake. The mean percentage of allochthonous food resources accounted for 35%- 50% of the C incorporated by these consumers. Seston was another important energy sources for benthic consumers. However, during the winter and low water-level period, benthic algae and submerged vegetation contributed less carbon to benthic consumers. Our data highlighted the importance of terrestrial organic carbon to benthic consumers in the wetlands of Poyang Lake during the prolonged dry period. Further, our results provided a perspective that linkages between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems might be facilitated by wintering geese via their droppings.

The Performance of Continuous Rotifer （Brachionus Pficatilis） Culture System for Ornamental Fish Production

Rotifers are considered as one of the most important prey organisms in the culture of altricial fish larvae. However, high density rotifer culture is often problematic due to water quality problems which results in frequent crashes. In the present study, the performance of a small-scale, continuous system was evaluated for culturing rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, using concentrated nonviable green algae, Nannochloropsis oculeataas feed in a 160 L tank for a period of 90 days. The system configuration was simple and major components consisted of a protein skimmer and a pure oxygen delivery system. Although egg ratio increased from 3% on day 1 to 21.8% and 39.3% on days 7 and 9, respectively, rotifer growth was slow at start up and resulted in fluctuations in total number of rotifers between days 19-41. Rotifer densities remained 〈 400 until day 51 but increased at higher rates reaching 900 individuals/mL on day 55, 1,620 on day 60 and 2,127 on day 70. Rotifer density reached a maximum of 2,188 individuals/mL on day 85. Once the rotifer density exceeded 1,500 individuals/mL （day 60）, periodical harvesting （a total of 16 harvest events） produced a total of 369,920,000 rotifers corresponding to a daily production of 12,330,667 individuals/day during the next 30 days until the experiment was terminated at day 90. As a result of periodic harvesting, water makeup and continuous protein skimming, total settleable solids and NH3-N levels remained low and ranged between 4-22 mL/L and 0.4-2.2 mg/L, respectively. The authors＇ findings indicated that this inexpensive culture system can be successfully used for small-scale marine or freshwater ornamental fish production. Further work is required to minimize lag period at start-up and increase the production potential and yield by better management of suspended solids.