传统的交变磁场测量(Alternating current field measurement,ACFM)技术具有缺陷定量准确、无需接触等优点,但是不能检测深层缺陷;脉冲涡流检测技术(Pulsed eddy current testing,PECT)具有较好的深层缺陷检测能力,但由于采用瞬态响应...传统的交变磁场测量(Alternating current field measurement,ACFM)技术具有缺陷定量准确、无需接触等优点,但是不能检测深层缺陷;脉冲涡流检测技术(Pulsed eddy current testing,PECT)具有较好的深层缺陷检测能力,但由于采用瞬态响应信号分析方法,容易受到提离效应干扰,工程实际应用较为困难,并且定量能力弱于ACFM技术。结合ACFM和PECT的优势,提出了脉冲交变磁场测量技术(Pulsed alternating current field measurement,PACFM)。该技术采用脉冲周期信号作为激励信号源,基于瞬态脉冲响应信号,采用三维场量测量和瞬态信号分析相结合的方法实现缺陷识别与定量评估。对瞬态响应信号中能够表征磁场变化规律的特征量进行提取,通过研究发现PACFM不仅具有与ACFM等同的表面缺陷检测能力,而且具有优异的深层缺陷识别与定量评估能力,抗干扰能力强,具有较高的应用价值和前景。展开更多
Although Cu2ZnSn(Sx,Se1-x)4(CZTSSe)is a promising candidate for thin-film photovoltaics,its cell performance is currently limited by the large voltage loss.Although a series of studies on the efficiency loss mechanism...Although Cu2ZnSn(Sx,Se1-x)4(CZTSSe)is a promising candidate for thin-film photovoltaics,its cell performance is currently limited by the large voltage loss.Although a series of studies on the efficiency loss mechanism of CZTSSe solar cell have been carried out in the past few years,no convincing understanding has been obtained until now.In this review,the current findings regarding the underlying mechanism of the efficiency loss in CZTSSe solar cells are systematically summarized and analyzed.The properties of atomic disorder and deep defects in CZTSSe materials and their effects on device performance are discussed.The synergistic effect is proposed to help understand the defect-related charge loss in the absorber.Furthermore,the experimental methods of defect identification and defect control are presented,in an attempt to identify the killer defects that can be responsible for the ultra-short minority lifetime of CZTSSe material.By comprehensively and dialectically understanding these defect properties of the CZTSSe solar cell,we believe breakthrough in the cell efficiency will come soon with our concentrated effort.展开更多
Trivalent lanthanide(Ln^(3+))-doped luminescent nanoparticles(NPs)have been extensively investigated as deep-tissue-penetration visual bioimaging agents owing to their exceptional upconversion and near-infrared(NIR)lu...Trivalent lanthanide(Ln^(3+))-doped luminescent nanoparticles(NPs)have been extensively investigated as deep-tissue-penetration visual bioimaging agents owing to their exceptional upconversion and near-infrared(NIR)luminescence upon irradiation of NIR light.However,in most cases,the power density of irradiation used for in vivo biological imaging is much higher than that of the reported maximum permissible exposure(MPE)value of NIR light,which inevitably does great damage to the living organisms under study and thus impedes the plausible clinical applications.Herein,by using a facile syringe pump-aided shell epitaxial growth method,we construct for the first time a new class of Ln^(3+)-doped KMgF_(3):Yb/Er@KMgF_(3)core-shell NPs that can be activated by utilizing a 980-nm xenon lamp or diode laser with an ultralow excitation power density down to 0.08 mW cm^(−2),a value that is approximately 4 orders of magnitude lower than the MPE value set by the American National Standards Institute(ANSI)for safe bioimaging in vivo.By combining the comparative spectroscopic investigations with atomic-resolved spherical aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy(AC-TEM)characterization,we find that the reduced crystallographic defects are the primary cause underlying such an ultralow-power-excitable feature of the KMgF_(3):Yb/Er@KMgF_(3)core-shell NPs.And,by the same token,the resultant KMgF_(3):Yb/Er@KMgF_(3)core-shell NPs also exhibit an anomalous thermo-enhanced photoluminescence(PL)behavior coupled with an excellent photothermal stability that cannot occur in other Ln^(3+)-doped core-shell NPs.These findings described here unambiguously pave a new way to prepare high-quality Ln^(3+)-doped luminescent NPs with desirable ultralow-power-excitable capability and photothermal stability for future biomedical applications.展开更多
文摘传统的交变磁场测量(Alternating current field measurement,ACFM)技术具有缺陷定量准确、无需接触等优点,但是不能检测深层缺陷;脉冲涡流检测技术(Pulsed eddy current testing,PECT)具有较好的深层缺陷检测能力,但由于采用瞬态响应信号分析方法,容易受到提离效应干扰,工程实际应用较为困难,并且定量能力弱于ACFM技术。结合ACFM和PECT的优势,提出了脉冲交变磁场测量技术(Pulsed alternating current field measurement,PACFM)。该技术采用脉冲周期信号作为激励信号源,基于瞬态脉冲响应信号,采用三维场量测量和瞬态信号分析相结合的方法实现缺陷识别与定量评估。对瞬态响应信号中能够表征磁场变化规律的特征量进行提取,通过研究发现PACFM不仅具有与ACFM等同的表面缺陷检测能力,而且具有优异的深层缺陷识别与定量评估能力,抗干扰能力强,具有较高的应用价值和前景。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51961165108,51421002,51972332 and 51627803)。
文摘Although Cu2ZnSn(Sx,Se1-x)4(CZTSSe)is a promising candidate for thin-film photovoltaics,its cell performance is currently limited by the large voltage loss.Although a series of studies on the efficiency loss mechanism of CZTSSe solar cell have been carried out in the past few years,no convincing understanding has been obtained until now.In this review,the current findings regarding the underlying mechanism of the efficiency loss in CZTSSe solar cells are systematically summarized and analyzed.The properties of atomic disorder and deep defects in CZTSSe materials and their effects on device performance are discussed.The synergistic effect is proposed to help understand the defect-related charge loss in the absorber.Furthermore,the experimental methods of defect identification and defect control are presented,in an attempt to identify the killer defects that can be responsible for the ultra-short minority lifetime of CZTSSe material.By comprehensively and dialectically understanding these defect properties of the CZTSSe solar cell,we believe breakthrough in the cell efficiency will come soon with our concentrated effort.
基金supported by the Fund of Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information(2020ZZ114)the Key Research Program of Frontier Science CAS(QYZDY-SSW-SLH025)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21731006 and 21871256)the Fund of Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory(DJLTN0200/DJLTN0240)。
文摘Trivalent lanthanide(Ln^(3+))-doped luminescent nanoparticles(NPs)have been extensively investigated as deep-tissue-penetration visual bioimaging agents owing to their exceptional upconversion and near-infrared(NIR)luminescence upon irradiation of NIR light.However,in most cases,the power density of irradiation used for in vivo biological imaging is much higher than that of the reported maximum permissible exposure(MPE)value of NIR light,which inevitably does great damage to the living organisms under study and thus impedes the plausible clinical applications.Herein,by using a facile syringe pump-aided shell epitaxial growth method,we construct for the first time a new class of Ln^(3+)-doped KMgF_(3):Yb/Er@KMgF_(3)core-shell NPs that can be activated by utilizing a 980-nm xenon lamp or diode laser with an ultralow excitation power density down to 0.08 mW cm^(−2),a value that is approximately 4 orders of magnitude lower than the MPE value set by the American National Standards Institute(ANSI)for safe bioimaging in vivo.By combining the comparative spectroscopic investigations with atomic-resolved spherical aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy(AC-TEM)characterization,we find that the reduced crystallographic defects are the primary cause underlying such an ultralow-power-excitable feature of the KMgF_(3):Yb/Er@KMgF_(3)core-shell NPs.And,by the same token,the resultant KMgF_(3):Yb/Er@KMgF_(3)core-shell NPs also exhibit an anomalous thermo-enhanced photoluminescence(PL)behavior coupled with an excellent photothermal stability that cannot occur in other Ln^(3+)-doped core-shell NPs.These findings described here unambiguously pave a new way to prepare high-quality Ln^(3+)-doped luminescent NPs with desirable ultralow-power-excitable capability and photothermal stability for future biomedical applications.
